(很好)get型被动语态get的被动用法.doc

get的被动用法（get-passive）作者： 阮一峰日期： 2006年6月26日（“英语学习”系列笔记之二）1.今天，我看书的时候，看到了下面这句很普通的句子，“How Do We Get Started on These Programs?”。我突然感到有一点糊涂，什么叫“Get started” ？这句话同“How do we start on these programs?”又有什么区别呢？我查了词典里关于“get+动词分词”结构的解释，发现这种常见结构其实很复杂，既可以表示主动（We Get Started on These Programs），又可以表示被动（I got invited to her party yesterday）。下面就是我整理的笔记。2.首先，“get+过去分词”是一种被动形式。我们都知道，英语中表示被动的方法是“be+过去动词”，但是其实还有第二种方法，那就是“get+过去分词”，这两者的意思基本上是类似的。但是，后者用得比较少，尤其少用于正式的书面文体。请对比下面三句话：a) The bus hit John.b) John was hit by the bus.c) John got hit by the bus.上面这三种说法都是对的。被动的含义除了可以用“be + 过去分词”表示以外，还可以用“got + 过去分词”来表示。请看下面的例句：* It is upsetting when a person gets punished for a crime that he didnt commit. * The picture got damaged (= was damaged) when we were moving. * If they make such criticisms they will get treated with the contempt they deserve. * I dont want to get mixed up with the police again.* After working here selflessly for several years,Mr. Li got promoted at last. * They got delayed because of the holiday traffic.3.“get+过去分词”和be+过去分词有几个区别。（1）在be+过去分词的结构中，be是助动词（auxiliary），可以用来独立构成否定句和疑问句；get不是助动词，在否定句和疑问句，必须增加助动词。请看下面的例句。* Was Kim attacked by a tiger?* Kim was not attacked by a tiger. * Did Kim get attacked by a tiger?* Kim did not get attacked by a tiger. 以上四句话都是正确，下面两句则是错误的。* Got Kim attacked by a tiger? ()* Kim got not attacked by a tiger. ()（2）“get+过去分词”结构可以用于进行时态，be+过去分词结构就不行。请看下面的例句* You will be getting cursed. * My brother has been getting examined（3）“get+过去分词”结构通常不带“by+动作主体”的部分，但这不是绝对的。请看下面两句话，其中第二句话是错误的。* I got caught in the rain. * I got caught by the rain. （）但是，在下面的例句中可以使用by：* He got caught by the police. * He got hit on the head by the burglar. * Raghu got kicked in the shin by a donkey. * He got punched in the nose by his opponent. （4）“get+过去分词”结构极少用于无生命的物体。请看下面两句话，其中第二句话是错误的。* Gunfire was heard in the auditorium.* Gunfire got heard in the auditorium.() 4.除了表示被动以外，“get + 过去分词”结构还可用于谈论为自己做的事，表示主动的行为而不是被动的行为，即起到了强调主语、加重语气的作用。请对比下面两句话：a) Joe was dressed by someoneb) Joe got dressed.a句表示其他人帮助Joe穿衣服，b句则表示Joe自己穿衣服。除了get dressed（穿衣服）以外，类似的常用短语，还有以下这些：get divorced（离婚）、get engaged（订婚）、get confused（迷惑不解）、get lost（迷路）、get washed（洗脸） 、get married（结婚）等。5.为什么英语中有两种表示被动的结构？为什么“get+过去分词”结构既可以表示主动的行为，又可以表示被动的行为，它们之间是否有联系？在普通的“be+过去分词”结构中，动作主体（subject）与动作受体（object）之间的关系一般是同等重要的。下面两个例句是完全等价的：* Marconi invented the radio.* The radio was invented by Marconi. 但是，“get+过去分词”结构不是这样。不管加不加动作主体，关注的重点永远是在动作的受体上。这也是，这种结构为什么通常不带“by+动作主体”的原因。（即使带了，句子的重心也依然是在前半部分。）所以，只要使用了“get+过去分词”结构，一定是强调句子的主语的。6.我不清楚get used to是不是这种结构。资料中都没有提到这个短语，所以可能不是。7.学习了这么久，又是这么麻烦的东西，太伤脑筋了。下面是轻松一刻，贴几张漫画。He got hit! I got caught. I got lost. We got married. Mike got dressed for bed. 8.练习（1） I dont know how it happened, but I _ in San Francisco.a) was lost b) got lost （2） That evening the Greek embassy was having a party. I _ by a friend who worked there.a) was invited b) got invited（3） I had been out all day sightseeing. When I returned it was late, so I _ quickly and left the hotel. a) was dressed b) got dressed（4） Fortunately, I _ a map before I left the hotel. a) was given b) got given（5） As I was leaving the hotel, I almost _ by a taxi. a) got hit b) was hit（6） The embassy was only a few blocks away. So I walked. Somewhere along the way, I _ .a) got disoriented b) was disoriented （7） I took a wrong turn and walked the wrong direction. Finally, I hailed a taxi and _ to the party.a) was driven b) got driven 答案：（按下右键，拖动鼠标察看） （1）b （2）a （3）b （4）a （5）a/b 两者都正确 （6）a （7）aReferences* /index.pl?node_id=1795330* http:/www.deccanher