英语强化翻译汉化版.doc

Due to no cure no pay basis, salvors traditionally looked for incidents with high chance of success in saving ships and cargoes on board, ignoring environmental protection.基于“无效果，无报酬”的惯例，传统上救助方着重于事故中如何以高成功率救援船舶和货物而忽视了对环境的保护。The International Convention on Salvage 1989 changes the scene with an introduction of Article 14:在1989版国际救助公约中，以第14条条款的规定改变了这种现象：1. If the salvor has carried out salvage operations in respect of a vessel which by itself or its cargo threatened damage to the environment and has failed to earn a reward under Article 13 at least equivalent to a special compensation assessable in accordance with this article, he shall be entitled to special compensation from the owner of that vessel equivalent to his expenses as herein defined.1，如果救助方考虑到所救船舶或货物对环境已有污染的危险而开始了打捞救助作业，同时依据本公约不能获得基于第13条款的最低特别补偿款，救助方可以从船东处获得他所花费相当的特别补偿款。2. If, in the circumstances set out in paragraph 1, the salvor by his salvage operations has prevented or mimimized damages to the environment, the special compensation payable by the owner to the salvor under paragraph 1 may be increased up to a maximum of 30 per cent of the expenses incurred by the salvor.2，在这种情况下，如按照第1项设定的情形，救助方因其救助行为已达到预防或使环境污染最小化的成果，船东依第1项所给付给救助方的特别补偿款可以在救助方最大花费的基础上增加30%。3. Salvors expenses for the purpose of paragraphs 1 and 2 means the out-of-pocket expenses reasonably incurred by the salvor in the salvage operation and a fair rate for equipment and personnel actually and reasonably used in the salvage operation, taking into consideration the criteria set out in Article 13, paragraph 1(h), (i), and (j).3，第1，2项中所说的救助方花费是指救助方用于救助行为中关于救助设备，救助人员的额外，合理，公平费率的预算之外的支出，结合考虑第13条款中第1（h），（i），（j）项的规定。4. The total special compensation under this article shall be paid only if and to the extent that such compensation is greater than any reward recoverable by the salvor under article 13.4，只有在基于第13款情况下，补偿款远多于救助方能获得的救助报酬，全部的特别补偿款才应该支付。5. If the salvor has been negligent and has thereby failed to prevent or minimize damage to the environment, he may be deprived of the whole or part of any special compensation due under this article.5，如果是由于救助方疏忽而至其没能防止污染或使污染最小化，救助方可以被剥夺获取全部或部分基于公约的特别补偿款。6. Nothing in this article shall affect any right of recourse on the part of the owner of the vessel.6，本条约中任何事项不影响向船东追索的权利。So, as explained by the editors of Kennedy and Rose Law of Salvage (7th edn, Sweet & Maxwell 2010), to be entitled to the special compensation under Article 14(1), certain conditions must be fulfilled:正如Kennedy and Rose Law of Salvage这本书作者阐述的，享有第14条款所说规定“特别补偿款”的一方，应该满足以下条件：1. There must be a threat of damage to the environmentArticle 1(d): “Damage to the environment” means substantial physical damage to human health or to marine life or resources in coastal or inland waters or areas adjacent thereto, caused by pollution, contamination, fire, explosion or similar major incidents.1，必须存在有第1条d项中所阐明的破坏环境的威胁：“对环境造成危害”是指由污染，污染物，火灾，爆炸或类似的重大事故会对人类健康，沿海，内水或邻近水域的海洋生物资源造成严重的，有形的伤害。2. There must be a performance of salvage operations.- In this respect, the salvors motives for intervening are irrelevant.2，救助行为必须要有成效。因此，救助方的动机无关紧要。3. Expenses must be incurred by the salvor.3，花费必须是因救助行为产生的。4. Article 13 reward less than basic entitlement to special compensationThis somewhat raises difficulty for the language of this condition appears to suggest that the special compensation in Article 14 should be calculated first.4，第13条关于救助报酬比基本的特别补偿款少这种情况下似乎无形中增加了用语言解释按照第14条应优先理算特别补偿款相关规定的难度。But, the method of calculation is explained in paragraph 6.032 of Kennedy & Rose Law of Salvage (7th edn, Sweet & Maxwell 2010) as follows:但是，Kennedy & Rose Law of Salvage书中第6032段对于计算特别补偿款有如下解释：In practice, a salvage reward is assessed before consideration of what, if any, special compensation is payable under Article 14. In principle, however, for the purposes of calculating permissible special compensation, the tribunals first task should be to identify the salvors allowable expenses under Article 14 and then the amount of uplift, if any, it is prepared to make under Article 14.2. The resulting sum should then be reduced by the amount of reward recoverable under Article 13.“实践中，救助报酬是评估事故之前就已考虑的，如果有特别补偿款的话，应该按照第14条规定支付。原则上，无论如何，为了计算可获得的特别补偿款，如果按照第14条第2项理算有高出的部分，法庭应当首先应当甄别第14条规定中救助方允许的合理的花费和高出的量。由此在最后可获得的报酬计算中应当依第13条减去相关费用。The Nagasaki Spirit loaded with a cargo of 40,154 tonnes oil collided with a container vessel Ocean Blessing.装载了40154吨原油的Nagasaki Spirit油轮和集装箱船Ocean Blessing发生了碰撞。Due to the collision, 12,000 tonnes of oil were released into the sea and caught fire.因为碰撞，12000吨原油泄漏海中并引发大火。All the crew of Ocean Blessing lost their lives while only two members of the crew of Nagasaki Spirit survived.Ocean Blessing船上的船员都丧生了，Nagasaki Spirit油轮上仅有2名船员获救。On the next day, an agreement based on the LOF90 form was reached to salve the Nagasaki Spirit.第二天，达成了一份基于LOF90范本的协议去救援Nagasaki SpiritThe incident happened on the night of 19 September 1992.事故发生在1992年9月19日。The salvor was able to distinguish the fire on mid-day of 26 September 1992.救助方在1992年9月26日中午清楚的分辨出原油泄漏引发的大火3 October 1992, the Nagasaki Spirit anchored off Belawan in Indonesia where she remained until 24 October 1992.1992年10月3日，Nagasaki Spirit抵达了印尼的Belawan港，并将在此停靠到1992年10月24日。22 October 1992, the Indonesian authorities granted the permission for ship to ship transfer of the remaining of cargo. Around 26,466 tonnes were transferred to the ship Pacific Diamond.1992年10月22日，印尼官方批准了用船卸下事故船上货物的申请，大约26466吨货物转移到Pacific Diamond上。The Nagasaki Spirit was re-delivered to her owners in Singapore.Nagasaki Spirit油轮在新加坡重新归还给它的所有人。The salvor claimed for remuneration.救助方请求救助报酬。The reason why the approaches of the arbitrator and the appeal arbitrator were different was the way they interpreted the meaning of fair rate as in Article 14(3).仲裁员和上诉仲裁员做出不同仲裁的原因时他们对第14条款第3项中“公平费率”的理解不同。For the arbitrator, coming to a fair rate of remuneration, one must take into account the circumstances of the case including the type of salving vessel used and a type of work required plus an incentive rate for a salvor (including profit element)对仲裁员来说，关于报酬中“公平费率”的实际意思是，必须考虑在实际案件中救援方使用救援船的类型，救援装备的类型加上对救助行为的激励率（包括“利润元素”）For the appeal arbitrator, a fair rate is restricted to mere compensation for the actual expense of the salvor taking into account, however, the criteria set out in Article 13(1)(h), (i), and (j) in so far as those criteria resulted in additional direct or indirect expense to the salvor.对于上诉仲裁员来说，“公平费率” 仅仅局限于救助方在实际救援行动中的花费。无论何种情况下，都应符合第13条第（1）（h）（i）（j）项中规定“救援截止时符合这些条件导致额外的救助方直接或间接费用”The judge at first instance (Mr. Justice Clarke), the majority of the Court of Appeal, and the House of Lords endorsed the interpretation of fair rate as excluding the profit elements.一审法官，上诉法院中的大多数法官，上议院认可的解释中关于“公平费率”都不包括利润元素。In the speech of Lord Mustill: The concept of “expenses” permeates the first three paragraphs of art.14. In its ordinary meaning this word denotes amounts either disbursed or borne, not earned as profits. Again, a computation prescribed by art.14.3 requires the fair rate to be added to the “out-of-pocket” expenses, as clear an instance as one could find for a quantification which contains no element of profits; and it surely cannot have been intended that the “salvors expenses” should contain two disparate elements.在Lord Mustill的演讲中：“第14条前三段的中，阐明的是花费这个概念。在普通意义这个词表示金额支付或承担,不包括赚取的利润。此外，按照第14条第3款的规定去计算，需要把公平费率添加到“额外的支出”里面计算花费，明确一个实例才能找到量化这个利润这一空洞概念的因素，同时不能想当然的认为“救助方花费”应该包括以上两个不同内容On 9November 2004 the applicant filed a notice of application for leave to apply for judicial review. I directed that there be an oral hearing to determine whether leave should be granted. That hearing was to be ex parte on notice.2004年11月9日，申请人提出撤销复审的申请，我决定无论申请是否被批准都要组织一场口头审理。这个口头审理被通知时是我单方面做出的的。The hearing took place on 21January 2005. Having heard submissions from MrBell, the applicants counsel, and MrJohn Bleach SC, counsel for the respondent (the Commission), I refused leave. I did so on the basis that, in my judgment, the applicant had an effective alternative remedy open to it by way of appeal and that in the circumstances no good reason existed why that appeal process should not first be exhausted.2005年1月21日，审理开始，在听取了申请人的法律顾问Bell先生的提请的诉求和被申请人的律师John Bleach SC先生的诉求后，我拒绝了撤诉申请。我这么做的依据是，在我看来，在这种情况下不存在正当理由从而导致上诉程序应该首先被竭尽使用，申请人有其他有效的，可行性的补救措施来替代上诉。I now give my reasons for that decision and, in addition, state my determination of the matter of costs.我现在给出了我做出此决定的理由，另外，坚定我决心的还有诉讼成本问题。The applicant carries on business as a registered dealer in securities.申请人仍然在申请成为经营证券业务的注册经销商In April2004, the Commission informed