大学生英语竞赛阅读理解.doc

阅读理解试题的常用命题形式（1） 熟悉命题形式和常用句型有助于正确审题，提高答题速度。因为各种题型的命题方式虽然不同，但是题干和选择项有其规律可寻，明确题目要求，就能够有选择地运用不同的技巧解答涉及各类题材和体裁的试题。 1情境型 1）查找细节题： 查找细节的命题形式随内容不同千变万化。虽然问题涉及的内容变化无穷，但是所提问题都具体明确。该类试题出题方式具有以下特点： （1）根据文章的某一部分或某一句的内容设题； （2）以who，what，when，where，which，why，how等词引出疑问句，询问细节。常见的命题方式有： （1）According to the passage，why？ （2）From the passage we know （3）In which of the following chapters can you get information about？ （4）Which chapter is likely to contain the most information about？ （5）From the article，we know that at the beginning the writer regardedas （6）The author mentions that （7）Which of the following is mentioned as an example of？ （8）The author saysbecause 2）计算数字题 这种题型测试能否根据有关信息进行计算，从而检验对文章的真正理解。常见的命题方式有： （1）How long didtake？ （2）How much didcost？ （3）How long didspend on？ （4）How much didspend on？ （5）How many（workers stayed away from work during the labor crisis）？ （6）The value of（cash and goods stolen）amounted （7）According to the passage，most heat-resistant structural metals and alloys can stand heat up to （8）The authors estimate of（population）is that at present 阅读理解试题的常用命题形式（2） 2语义型 1）解释词义 词汇与篇章犹如砖瓦与大厦，它是阅读理解成为可能的先决条件。阅读理解中词义题的设计，与词汇部分试题的测试目的不完全相同。阅读理解中的词义题着重测试特殊语境中词汇的转义，或句中的关键词（可能是超纲词）。阅读时应根据上下文判断词义。常见的命题方式有： （1）What is the meaning of“”in the line X？ （2）The word“”in Line X is close to （3）By“”，the author refers to （4）The word“”in paragraph X can be best replaced by （5）In the last paragraph，the term“”most probably means （6）The word“”means most nearly the same as （7）The expression“”（in Line X）refers to （8）The word“”（in Line X）suggests that （9）The author uses the word“”（in Line X，ParaX）to mean （10）The word phrase“”（in Line X，ParaX）in this contest means 2）解释句义 解释句义是考查对句子的理解程度，它通过试题中对句子的不同解释揭示出关键词组，短语或关键句型的含义。常见的命题方式有： （1）The sentence“”means that （2）Whatsaid means （3）In this section，what is meant by ？ （4）By the sentence“”（Lines 2-3），the writer means （5）Interpret the underlined phrase，clause or sentence （6）The sentence“”（Lines 6-8）probably implies阅读理解试题的常用命题形式（3）3是非型该类题解答时难度不大，只要能够迅速查到有关信息，读懂原文或关键句，便可以确定答案。常见的命题形式有： 1）Which of the following statements is correct true according to the passage？ 2）According to the passage，which of the following statements is not true correct？ 3）Which of the following is not implied in the passage？ 4）Which of the following aspects is not mentioned in the passage？ 5）Which of the following statements about can be found in the passage？ 6）The author would disapprove of the following actions EXCEPT 7）In Paragraph X（the passage）the author doesnt mention 8）Which of the following is not included in the passage？ 阅读理解试题的常用命题形式（4） 4推理型 推理型问题的答案不直接出现在文章中，常通过有关信息暗示或暗指，所提的问题可以针对某一个句子或某段文字，也可以针对全文。常见的命题方式有： 1）What is implied but not stated by the author is 2）We can infer conclude from the passage that 3）Which of the following was the immediate cause of the ？ 4）Which of the following is not required of eligible（适合的）for？ 5）Which of the following statements would the author most likely disagree with？ 6）In the passage the authors attitudetowardis 7）The author argues that 8）The authors purpose of writing this passage is to 9）The passage recommends 10）The passage suggests that 11）What can be inferred from this passage？ 12）It can be inferred from the passage that the author would disapprove of 13）What is implied but NOT STATED by the author is that 14）Which of the following is most directly suggested by the passage？ 15）Which of the following can only be inferred from the passage？ 16）From the first paragraph，we can infer that 17）The author probably feels that 18）The passage is intended to 19）It can be inferred from this passage that 20）An inference which may not be made from this passage is 阅读理解试题的常用命题形式（6） 6语篇型 该类试题涉及文章的语体、作者的态度及原文前后篇的内容，常见的命题形式有： 1）The tone of the（letter）as a whole is best described as 2）The tone of this passage is one of 3）This text is taken from 4）What would be the most appropriate title before this selection？ 5）It can be assumed that the paragraph proceeding the passage most probably discussed 6）The paragraph that precedes this passage has discussed 7）The paragraph that follows this passage will discuss 8）The authors has made the reading of the passage enjoyable 9）The paragraph that came before this passage probably states that 10）Which of the following is the authors attitude toward？阅读理解题题型分析及解题技巧 1 主旨题：考查的内容主要包括主题思想、写作意图、文章的题目等。1) 常见的提问方式有：（1） What is the general/ main idea of the passage?（2） The main theme of the passage is .（3） The passage is mainly about .（4） The first paragraph tells us that .（5） Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?（6） Which of the following expresses the main idea?（7） What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?（8） What is the authors main point?2) 解题技巧：主旨题要求考生跨越文字本身，从整体上把握文章的结构形式和作者的推理过程。阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文，这就要求考生必须熟悉这两种文体的结构特点。这两种文体的结构特点可归纳为：提出问题论述问题得出结论或者阐明观点。掌握这一结构，就可以迅速掌握文章的主题，把握文章的脉络。要想确定文章的主题思想，最容易且行之有效的方法就是找出文章的主题句。主题句在文章中的位置主要有四种情况：（1） 段首：大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句，所以要认真阅读段首句。（2） 段尾：有的文章主题句出现在结尾。文章以列举事实开头，通过论证得出结论。（3） 段首段尾：更多的文章是开头提出问题，点明主旨，通过议论，最后重述文章的主旨，使得文章主题清楚、明确，更具说服力。（4） 中间：有些文章为了引人入胜，开头部分常会有个轻松、诙谐的引子，然后在中间部分提出自己的观点，接着再议论，最后得出结论。2. 细节题： 细节题主要是测试考生对文章提供的细节与事实（如时间、地点、原因、结果、特征、方式、数字等）的理解程度。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。1） 常见的提问方式有：（1） According to the passage who (what, why, when, where). ?（2） What does the author say about. ?（3） What does the author think of. ?（4） According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?（5） In this passage, how many (how much, how often, how long). ?2) 解题技巧：（1） 词定位法：命题人在设计问题时，往往会在题干中运用近义词语替代短文中的词语。因此，考生应通过分析题干部分所提供的信息，把握重点词语，并根据这些词语，迅速准确地找到问题在文章中的位置。（2） WH-信息定位法：该题型内容大多涉及到时间、地点、人物、事件、情景、数字、原因等，往往以who, where, when, what, why 和how等提问。因此，考生要在迅速浏览全文时注意典型的WH-信息，并通过