八种时态及语态.doc

初中英语八种时态一览表（以do为例）时态用 途动 词 形 式时 间 状 语 及 副 词一般现在时表示经常性、反复性、习惯性、客观性的动作或状态原形或第三人称单数：do/doessometimes、often、always、every+等现在进行时表示现时正在进行的动作或打算要的动作am/are/is+现在分词（doing）now 及 Look 、Listen等提示的句子一般过去时表示过去时间里发生或存在的动作或状态过去式（did）yesterday(morning/afternoon/evening) ,last night/year/week，the day/night before, two days ago等一般将来时表示将来、计划、打算发生存在的动作或状态am/are/is going to +原形（do）will/shall +原形（do）tomorrow(morning/afternoon/evening),next day(morning/day/year等)，the day after tomorrow, in two days 等。现在完成时 表示过去已完成的动作对现在的影响或过去延续到现在的动作或状态have/has +过去分词（done）never、already、just、yet、before及由for/since引导的一般时间，How long提问的问句。过去进行时表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作were/was +现在分词（doing）过去的确定时间，如this time yesterday,或由when/while等引导的时间状语从句过去将来时 表示从过去某时刻看来将要发生或存在的动作或状态were/was going to+原形（do） would/should +原形（do）上下文确定或在宾语从句中过去完成时表示过去某动作或时间前已发生完成的动作或状态had +过去分词（done）by、at、before等构成的短语及when、before等引导的从句，在宾语从句中，例句：1. He often reads magazines after class.2. Tom always wants to go swimming in summer.3. Lucy has a twin sister Lily.4. There is a big tree in front of our classroom.5. People sometimes make friends by doing exercise.6. We have an English class on Mondays.7. The boy is tall.8. Three times three is nine.9. We began to learn English two years ago.10. I was glad to get your letter.11. When Edison was a child, he often asked questions.12. I will be here at ten oclock tomorrow.13. I am going to see him next Tuesday.14. Shall I open the window?15. I am writing a letter now.16. We are preparing for the exams.17. He is leaving for Beijing next week.18. The rain has stopped already.19. I have never seen such a film before.20. I havent seen him for three days.21. He has lived here since 1992.22. I have seen this film three times.23. What were you doing at 9:30 yesterday morning?24. I was writing while he was reading.25. He said he would go to Shanghai soon.26. We had learnt over 1200 words by the end of last term.27. He had gone home before I got to his office.28. He said he had returned the book to the library.练习：用所给的动词的适当形式填空。1. He always (go) to school by bus.2. Where is Tom? -He (mend) his bike in the garden.3. Mr. Wang (leave) Shanghai more than 10 years ago. Last week he flew back, and was surprised to see that Shanghai (change) a lot. He said he (spend) the rest of his live here.4. We (help) the farmers with the apple picking last week.5. My aunt (work) in the hospital for 8 years.6. The rain (stop). Shall we go on with our volleyball match?7. Xiao Ming (write) a letter to his friend last night.8. Your mother (wash) clothes when I came to your home yesterday.9. He (wait) for me since I went out.10. He said he (see) the film before.11. Its six oclock now, Jack (deliver) newspapers.12. The postcard (cost) me twenty Yuan.13. you (visit) the museum tomorrow?14. When the first bus (start) in the morning?15. I (not finish) the novel(小说), but its time (give) back.初中英语被动语态用法小结一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 英语English是动词speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amis/arespoken一般过去时：waswerespoken一般将来时：willshall bespoken现在进行时：amisare beingspoken过去进行时：was/were beingspoken现在完成时：havehas beenspoken过去完成时：had been + spoken三、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法把主