初中一般现在时【讲解练习】.doc

一般现在时的用法1、 概述一般现在时表示习惯性、经常性、反复性的动作或存在的状态。“习惯性、经常性、反复性”是一般现在时的三大特性，它不表示特定时间内发生的事。二、一般现在时的结构1， 含be动词 主语+be(am is are)+其它。 如:I am a boy.2， 含行为动词 主语+行为动词+其它 如：we study English. 其中行为动词的形式有两种：a,当主语为第三人称时（三单主语），要在动词后加s或es。b,当主语为其他人称（非第三人称）时，动词一律用动词原形。Eg 1.We often get up early in the morning.Eg2.My father often gets up early in the morning.三、谈谈“主语为三单，其后动词s或es添” 在一般现在时中，当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。可以简单叙述为“主语为三单，其后动词s或es添”。何谓第三人称单数？用一句话概括就是“非你、非我、非复数”，如he, she, it, my father, my mother, my sister, our English teacher, Tom, Mike, Liu Jia, China, my book, etc.Eg3.He sometimes goes to school by bike.Eg4.My father works in the hospital as a doctor.四、动词第三人称单数变化规则动词第三人称变化的规则与可数名词复数变化的规则相同。规则一、一般在词尾加-s。如：looks, puts. reads, sees, skis等。规则二、以-o, -s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的加-es。如：goes, does, misses, passes, mixes, fixes, pushes, wishes, watches, teaches,等。规则三、以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，再加-es。注意一定是辅音字母加y才变，若是元音字母加y，则直接加-s。如：flyflies,trytries,fryfries,copycopiesbuybuys,enjoyenjoys,playplays,saysays,paypays五、一般现在时的句子转换（1） 当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成一般疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.例：(一般疑问be 或情态动词提前，否定be或情态动词后加not)陈述句：She is a student.一般疑问句 Is she a student?否定句 She is not a student.陈述句：I can swim.一般疑问句 Can you swim?否定句 I can not swim.（2） 当句子中即没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，则在主语前加助动词do或 does变成一般疑问句（三单主语加does,其他人称加do）；在主语后谓语动词前加助动词dont或 doesnt变成否定句（三单主语加doesnt,其他人称加dont），助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。例： 陈述句：We get up at 7:00 every morning.一般疑问句Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?否定句We dont get up at 7:00 every morning.陈述句：She has a little brother.一般疑问句 Does she have a little brother?否定句 She doesnt have a little brother.六、一般现在时主要用于下面几情况：1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。在这种情景中，句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如：They raise ducks as a sideline .他们以养鸭为副业。She doesnt often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常给家里写信，仅一月一封而已。I cycle to work every day .我每天骑自行车上班。It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了描述现阶段的动作或状态，其重点不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态。例如：He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。She majors in music .她主修音乐。All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。顾名思义，客观的情况是没有时间概念的；也不会在意动作进行的状态。例如：The sun rises in the east .日出东方。The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。4) 根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如：Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。用于一般现在时的副词，除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外，常见的还有：now, today , nowadays等等。五，用于名言警句中。Practice makes perfect.练习巩固1.写出下列动词的三单形式go_ catch_ brush（刷）_ wash_do_ like_ have_ watch_drink _ fly_ say_ learn _eat_ read_ sing_ buy_study_ stay _ make _ look _ pass_ carry _ come_plant(种植)_ teach_ buy_ wash_ match _guess_ study_ finish_ go_ snow_ carry_2.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. We often_(play) in the playground.2. He _(get) up at six oclock.3._you_(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What_ (do) he usually_ (do) after school?5.Danny_(study)English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art at school.6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she often_(watch) TV with his parents.8. _ Mike_(read) English every day?9.How many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday?10. What time_his mother_(do) the housework?3.选择题( )1. I _to school at 7:00 in the morning.A. go B. going C. goes( )2. They _books every day in the library.A.reads B. read C. reading( )3. The monkey_ eating bananas very much.A.like B. likes C. liking( )4. My father _to read newspaper after supper every day.A.like B. likes C. liking( )5. I like watching TV, but my mother _like it.A. dont B. doesnt C. does( )6. _ your father drink milk every day?A.do B. are C. does（ ）7. We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A.dont rain B. didnt rain C.doesnt rain D. isnt rain （）8. He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets（）9.Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen（ ）10. Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied4.改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 2）用所给的人称改写句子1.I take photos on Sunday. ( Mike)2.We grow beautiful flowers. (she)3.They like collecting stamps. (Ben)4.I listen to music carefully. (my aunt)5.You like making a model ship. (Helen)6.We clean the classroom every day. (he)7.They look after the pandas. (Mr Wang)8.I draw a tree and some flowers. (Nancy)9.We go to bed at eight. ( my sister)10.I read newspapers in the evening. (Mr Green)4）改句子1.Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答)2.I have many books. （改为否定句）3.Gao Shans sister likes playing table tennis （改为否定句）4.She lives in a small town near New York. （改为一般疑问句）5.I watch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句）6.David has got a goal. （改为一般疑问句）7.We have four lessons.（否定句）8.Nancy doesnt run fast （肯定句）9.My dog runs fast. 否定句： 一般疑问句：10.Mik