高中--三大从句用法原理及写作应用(第一部分).docx

高中英语三大从句用法原理及写作应用第一部分 用法原理 导入-以下划线部分从句的类别A. 宾语从句B. 状语从句C. 定语从句Father was preparing his report while I was doing homework. （ ）Bruce Lee, who was a famous Kungfu star, will be remembered by fans.（ ）Im afraid we cant get there on time.（ ）The plan that we should build up another bridge will be discussed in the meeting.（ ）I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.（ ）I couldnt go any faster though the car behind was gaining on us. （ ） 宾语从句（一）宾语从句考点1连接词；2时态；3语序；4. 写作应用（第二部分涉及）（二）宾语从句讲解-连接词1. that引导陈述意义的宾语从句，无实际意思，在从句中也不充当任何成分；that常被省略；Jane reminded (that) having a car trip with Tina was not a good idea.2. whether与if引导（一般疑问句/特殊疑问句）从句，表选择意义，意思为是否；一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换；I wondered if/whether the weather would be fine again in the next few days.【注意】先选择答案，再划出关键词，最后总结特殊用法Everything depends on (whether/if) we have enough money. _I dont know (whether/if) the movie star will come or not. _We havent been decided (whether/if) to go there or not . _3. what, who, whom, which这是一组连接代词，引导（一般疑问句/特殊疑问句）从句。 whom引导宾语从句时一般可由_替换，但如果从句的介词提前，则只能用（whom/ who）；【考例】I wonder with _ she is angry.A. thatB. which C. who D. whom此外，when, where, why, how这是一组连接副词，引导疑问意义的宾语从句。 I dont know why he was absent for school, for he didnt ask for a leave beforehand.4. 某些形容词如afraid, sure, glad, happy等后也可以带宾语从句（也有人认为是状语从句）。【口头翻译】Im afraid (that) we cant get there on time. Hes not sure whether he can find her. （三）宾语从句讲解-时态使用原则：宾语从句的时态原则上应与主句的时态保持一致，即“主现从不限，主过从过”。1. 如果主句是现在时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时和现在完成时），宾语从句可以是实际需要的任何时态，即“主限从不限”；【考例】用给出的动词的适当形式填空 Please tell me when we _ (have) the meeting.I still havent know who they _ about just now.A. are talkingB. talkedC. will talkD. have talked2如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），宾语从句必须选用过去的某一时态，即“主过从过”；他说他会帮助她。【误】He said he will kill her.【正】He said he would kill her.她告诉我们露茜已经回家去了。【误】She told us Lucy returned home already.【正】She told us Lucy had returned home.【考例】按要求完成题目玛丽想知道谁能回答这一问题。（完成句子；一空一词）Mary was wondering who _ _ the question.I didnt tell them where they _ the meeting.我没有告诉他们你们正在哪儿开会。A. will haveB. were going to haveC. had haveD. haveCopernicus (哥白尼) claimed that the earth _ around the sun. A. goC. wentC. goes D. was going around【注意】如果宾语从句表示的是科学其理、客观事实或格言警句等，则不管主句是何种时态，从句一律用_。e.g She said (that) a friend in need is a friend indeed. （四）宾语从句讲解-语序使用原则：宾语从句的语序一律使用陈述语序；即“连主谓”1. 当宾语从句原为陈述句时，用that引导，语序不变。（注意时态的一致）e.g 老师说Tom不是个好学生。Tom isnt a good student. (The teacher told us) The teacher told us (that) Tom wasnt a good student. 连 主 谓 连词可省略；从句谓语要与主语谓语时态匹配e.g 她怀疑他是否已经戒烟了。He has given up smoking. (She doubted)She doubted if he had given up smoking. 连主 谓if可用whether替换；从句谓语要与主语谓语时态匹配e.g 我想知道他今天究竟怎么了。I wondered whats wrong with him.I wondered whats the matter with him.whats wrong./ whats the matter.句型，what在从句中既是连接词也充当主语，因此语序不变。【考例】判定正误，对的句子请在横线处打“”；有错的请划出出错部分并直接改正I wondered whether Jim is a doctor._She asked me where were you going._Jean wondered what did he want to do._Could you please tell when and where the meeting will be held?_【注意】委婉表达_等句型，不表过去时态，仍然参考“主现从不限”原则。（五）宾语从句其他考点-否定前置使用原则：1. 当主句的主语为第一人称；2. 主句谓语为think, believe, feel等观点类动词；3. 宾语从句的否定词前移至主句，即否定前移；e.g 我认为他不是小偷。He isnt a thief. (I think) I think he isnt (is not) a thief. I dont (do not) think he is (not) a thief. e.g 我相信杰克学习不努力。Jack didnt study hard. (I believed) I believed Jack hadnt studied hard. I didnt believe Jack had studied hard. 注意从句时态 注意主从句各自谓语的正确形式【即学即练】宾语从句练习题（一）将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1. These flowers are from Guangdong. (He said)He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. (My teacher told me)My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3. There will be a meeting in five days. (Jack didnt know)Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.（二）选择填空1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car4. She told me the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen5. -Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? -Sorry, Ive no idea.A. /, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought6. Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never goneC. has never been D. had never been7. The students want to know whether they_ a PE class today.A. had B. has C. will have D. are 8. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that9. I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where10. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how（三）句型转换1. “Do you want to try it?” Toms mother asked him.（同义句；一空一词）Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try it.2. This is a good idea.（I thought；否定前移；一空一词）I _ _ this _ a good idea.3. 翻译：一些人相信某些星球也会存在生命。_ 状语从句（一）状语从句考点1. 各种状语从句连接词使用；2. 状语从句倒装及省略；3. 写作应用（第二部分涉及）（二）状语从句讲解-时间状语从句连接词：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once、as soon as.【辨析】when & whilewhen从句连接_/_（时态）；即可用（短暂性/ 持续性）动词When they were talking and laughing, the teacher came in. He waved a hello when he saw her.while从句连接_（时态）；即可用（短暂性/ 持续性）动词While they were chatting, the teacher came in. 【辨析】notuntil1. notuntil/till表示直到才，主句通常要用短暂性动词People dont know the value of their health till/ until they lose it.2. 当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用半倒装语序。Not until yesterday did I know I was wrong. 【考例】按要求完成练习1. We were asked to stop when we just _ (start) working on this project.2. 我坚持不断尝试直到获得成功。（一空一词）I _ _ on trying _ I succeed.3. _ (当.的时候) I was doing homework, my mom was preparing for dinner. （三）状语从句讲解-条件状语从句连接词：if, unless, so/ as long as, as so far as, on condition that, in case.【辨析】if、unless和if .notI will let you in if you show me your pass.I wont let you in unless you show me your pass.I wont let you in if you dont show me your pass.考点：1. 主从句使用_；2. unless=if .notDifficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.Only if you heat ice, it turns to water.考点：主从句使用_（四）状语从句讲解-原因状语从句使用原则：1. why引导的问句只能用（because/ since/ as）回答；2. since有“既然”的意思既然大家都在这儿了，我们开干吧。 Since everyone is here, lets get started.（五）状语从句讲解-结果状语从句连接词：so that/ sothat/suchthat1. so +adj./adv. +thatso +adj. +a/an +可数名词单数+ thatso +many/much/few/little+名词+thatIt is so hot that we cant sleep. It is so interesting a book that she has read it twice. 2. such +a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+thatsuch +adj. +复数名词/不可数名词+thatsuch +a lot of/lots of +名词+thatIt is such a useful book that she has read it twice. There was such delicious food that he had too much.3. so that 引导结果状语从句表示实现的一件事或一个事实，从句谓语动词一般不和情态动词连用；She hurried, so that she caught the bus. （结果） She hurried so that she might catch the bus.（目的）【考例】用so that、sothat、suchthat填空1. He studied hard _ he passed the exam. 2. He was _ angry _ he couldnt speak. 3. There was _ a lot of rain _ we couldnt go out. 4. Its _ interesting a film _ we all want to see it. 5. He had _ many falls _ he was black and blue all over. （六）状语从句讲解-让步状语从句连接词：although, though, ever, no matter (who, wha, etc), even if, even though.【辨析】although 和though均意为“虽然，尽管”，二者均不可以与_连用；although较though 正式，更多用于句首；though可用于句首、句中或句末（句末时意为“可是”）；【辨析】as引导让步状语从句时意为“尽管”，从句要部分倒装；其结构为：n./adj./adv./v +as +主语谓语e.g 尽管他很年轻，他能用几种外语读写。Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages.(As he is young)e.g 尽管他还是小孩，他已经要负担家计了。Child as he was, he had to support the family.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）(As he was child) 【考例】按要求完成练习1. No matter _ much I have to pay, I will take it. （填空）2. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _ she was an only child.A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as3. You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do.A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever（七）状语从句讲解-地点状语从句连接词：where, wherever和everywhere，anywhere等引导，Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.Ill go wherever he goes.Everywhere they went, they were kindly received.注意：在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。（八）状语从句讲解-目的状语从句连接词：so，so that，in order that，in case，for fear that，lest (唯恐、以免、为不使）等；其谓语动词常与情态动词can、could、may、might、should、would连用。e.g 带上雨衣，以防下雨。 Take your raincoat in case it rains. 他很早就离开了，生怕错过最后一班火车。 He left early in case he should miss the last train.【考例】1. Id like to arrive 20 minutes early_ I can have time for a cup of tea.A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that2. John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _ he phones.A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that3. The Shanghai citizens are making great efforts to beautify the city_ more overseas companies will come. A. in order that B. so as to C. so long as D. on condition that（九）状语从句讲解-方式状语从句连接：as (象.一样,正如, 按照)、as if/as though (好象,宛如)e.g 请按照人家告诉你做的去做。 Please do as you are told. 他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。 He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.（十）状语从句讲解-比较状语从句连接词：as.as(和一样)、the sameas、not as/soas (不如)、the morethe more(越越).e.g 他和我一样大。 He is as old as I (am). 他工作的和一个有技术的工人一样快。He worked as fast as a skilled worker (did).【注意】这种从句也可省略动词【考例】翻译：你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。_【即学即练】1. I took my driving license with me on holiday, _ I wanted to hire a car.A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only2. Anyone, once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test3. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _ you reach any decision. A. although B. Before C. Because D. unless4. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, _ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever5. She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.A. if B. Unless C. After D. when6. If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.A. askedB. to askC. askingD. having asked7. One can always manage to do more things, no matter _ full ones schedule is in life. A. how B. what C. when D. where8. Mark needs to learn Chinese _ his company is opening a branch in Beijing. A. unless B. until C. although D. since 9. _ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. A. WhateverB. WheneverC. Whoever D. However 10. I have heard a lot of good things about you _ I came back from abroad. A. since B. until C. before D. when11. He was so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _ he wants to.A. even if B. as if C. because D. before12. _ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.A. As B. If C. Although D. Once13. There are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on.A. not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not have been treated14. _ we have enough evidence, we cant win the case.A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since15. Its much easier to make friends_ you have similar interests.A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that16. Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs you could have problems A. or B. and C. but D. so17. Read this story, _ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. A. or B. and C. but D. so18. I was glad to meet Jenny again, _I didnt want to spend all day with her. A. but B. and C. so D. or19. Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _ another man, also intelligent, fails.A. since B. if C. as D. while20. Its not easy to change habits, with awareness and self-control, it is possible. A. for B. or C. but D. so 定语从句（一）定语从句考点1. 定语从句连接词使用；2. 写作应用（第二部分涉及）（二）定语从句讲解-关系词关系代词指人指物主语宾语定语表语主语宾语定语表语thatwhothatwhowhom(可省)whosethatthatwhichthatwhich(可省)whosethat关系副词时间地点原因when介词whichwhere介词whichwhyfor which【注意】使用何种关系词，取决于先行词及先行词在从句中充当何种句子成分【考例】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空I still remember the day _ we studied together.I still remember the day _ we spent together.This is the factory _ he used to work.This is the factory _ we visited yesterday.This is the factory _ makes this kind of car.This is the reason _ he explained.This is the reason _ he failed in the exam.I dont know the way _ he used last time.【辨析】as和which的用法区别She is so nice a girl as we all like. 当先行词前面有so + adj. + a / such + (a) + adj. , the same/such等词修饰时，引导词只能用asAs is planned, we got there before eight. 从句置于句首只用asHe asked her to help him with his English, which she did. 当关系代词代替主句中的宾语从句或复合结构(如：宾+补；不定式短语；动词-ing形式短语等) 时，一般只能用which【辨析】只能用that 或which的情况 1. 只用that的场合：e.g 当先行词既指人又指物时This is the money and the robber that the police found.e.g 当先行词是不定代词thing，all，some，little，few，much，none 或被不定代词修饰时There is nothing that I can say.e.g当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时This is the best song that I have ever listened to.e.g 当先行词被the only和the very所修饰时This is the very last class that we have.e.g当要避免与疑问词which重复时Which is the girl that will give a speech tomorrow?2. 只用which 的场合：e.g “介词which”，指物This is the house in which we lived in the past.e.g非限制性定语从句中The house, which is about to be repaired, was burnt down last night.e.g防止重复【考例】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空He told us all _ had happened.This is the most interesting film_ I have ever seen.This is the first place _ we visited yesterday.This is the first place _ we worked.This is the only plant _ grows in the area.The earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually.The glasses without _ he couldnt see clearly were lost.I said nothing，_ made him angry.【辨析】用who 而不用that的情形My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas.Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students?Th