四字词和成语的翻译.doc

Teaching Plan for Translation Title of Lesson: Translation of Chinese four-character phrase Week Time Needed：four periods（45 minutes per period）Teaching Objectives：1. Help the students to understand the principles of Chinese four-character phrase translation2. Help students to translate Chinese four-character phraseKey Teaching Points：1. Structure change of Chinese four-character phrase into English2. The translation of Chinese four-character phraseDifficult Teaching Points:How to translate Chinese four-character phrase correctly Teaching Contents:I. 汉语四字词的英译处理汉语四字词结构匀称对仗、读起来音韵和美，表达言简意赅，极富美感。文采华丽，语气连贯，具有极强的修辞效果。英语却是一种非常理性的语言，最重清楚明白，最忌讳逻辑混乱与文字堆砌。 所以汉语中对仗工整、抑扬顿挫的排比结构在英语中多半变得长短不一，参差不齐。并列关系的四字排比结构通常转化为下列结构：形容词+名词1. 省去该句！按照合理布局、优化结构、突出重点的要求，加强宣传和文化事业的基本建设。Capital construction of publicity and cultural undertakings will be strengthened according to the principle of a rational distribution, an optimized structure and priority order.2. 大峡湾的谷地山峦交错、峡谷相连、江水汹涌。The valley of the Grand Bend is full of multi-peaked mountains, joined canyons. (英knjn 美knjnn.峡谷 and turbulent waters.) 3. 我国政府愿意在平等互利、相互开放、长期合作、共同发展的基础上，进一步加强同亚洲各国的经济合作和贸易交流。The Chinese government stands ready to further(adv.) strengthen economic cooperation and trade ties with other Asian nations on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, mutual openness, long-term cooperation and mutual development. 名词/形容词+in+名词4. 由于这台仪器性能稳定、操作可靠、维修方便，因此受到用户的好评。The instrument has been welcomed by the users because of its stability in service, reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance.5. 这些女式衬衣系采用上等纯丝制成，价格公道，工艺精湛，设计独特。These silk blouses are made of pure silk of best quality. They are moderate in price, excellent in craftsmanship and unique in designs.名词性词组6. 省去该句！大力培养爱岗尽责、方便群众、优质服务的敬业精神。防止个人专断和各自为政，反对有令不行、有禁不止。We should vigorously foster the fine spirit, including dedication to work, and offering convenience and fine services to the masses.动词短语7. 我们必须解放思想、实事求是、扎实工作、开拓进取。We should emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts and work hard and creatively.有些四字排比结构可能是围绕一个中心进行描述的，英译时可将其中从属部分转化成伴随结构或状语结构。8. 作为世界第一大洲，亚洲幅员辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富，有着巨大的发展潜力。Asia, the largest continent in the world, is a vast land with a huge population, abundant natural resources and enormous potential for development.9. 这里气候温和，四季分明，雨量充沛，日照充足，适合多种农作物生长栽培。It enjoys a mild climate, well-marked seasons as well as plenty of rainfall and sunshine, which is favorable for growing crops.有些四字排比结构实际上就是个浓缩的句子，在翻译的时候，可以以其中的主体部分为主语展开，将其他从属部分转化成句子的各个成分。10. 自此而下，江面宽阔，水流平缓。一叶轻舟，顺流而下，沿江景色，饱览无遗。Down from here, the river becomes wide and calm. If you take a light skiff down the stream, you will drink in the beauty along the river. (drink in: to look at, listen to, feel, or smell sth. in order to enjoy it)11. 省去！大批仁人志士，满腔悲愤，万种辛酸，想有所为而不能为，真是英雄无用武之地。So many men and women with high ideals, worried and frustrated, wished to do something about it, only to find that, able as they were, they had no chance to carry out their ideals.有些四字词含有隐性的因果关系，在翻译的时候通常是将表示原因的部分放在前面，将结果部分放在后面，中间用导致或形成这样的动词连接。12. 江中多滩，易阻行舟，然而急湍澎湃，惊涛轰鸣，气势磅礴。There are many hidden shoals in the river, presenting a challenge to navigators. And the surges of the swift current and the roars of the terrifying waves achieve great momentum.13. 这里山花古松遮掩着悬崖峭壁，鸟语花香，生意盎然，一派秀丽景色。Wild flowers and old pines on the precipice, with birds singing in fragrance, form a beautiful scene full of life and vitality.汉语四字词为加强语气，会有同义重复，简化。14. 本店货色齐全，花色多样，任凭挑选。We have a good assortment of goods to choose from.有些四字词的指代事物的隐喻跟西方的认知不同，译出西方习惯的指称，或者干脆译出实质。15. 被家长看作是“洪水猛兽”的网络游戏，成了年轻一代人的天堂。Online game, which parents regard as “the plague”(不要直译为“floods and beasts”)， has become a paradise for the young generation.16. 公司新闻发言人表示，并购(收购兼并)并非灵丹妙药。The companys spokesman said today that merger and acquisition are not a cure-all.II. 汉语成语的英译处理第一类：虽然没有非常对等的英语成语，但照原文字面意思翻译，不会产生误解也不需要额外的解释口蜜腹剑 to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted刻骨铭心 to be engraved on ones heart and bones劳苦功高 to have spent toilsome labor and won distinctive merits史无前例 to be without precedent in history调虎离山 to lure the tiger from the mountain第二类：可照原文字面意思翻译，也可用对等的英语成语来译1. 照原文字面意思翻译，译文能让译文读者联想起英文中的对等成语。（异化法）剖腹藏珠 cut open your stomach to hide a pearl (penny wise and pound foolish)竭泽而渔 to drain a pond to catch all the fish (kill the goose that lays the golden eggs)易如反掌 to be as easy as turning over ones hand (as easy as falling off a log)玩火自焚 to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself ( fry in ones own grease)掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm ( the apple of ones eye)对牛弹琴 to play the lute to a cow (cast pearls before swine)雪中送炭 to send charcoal tkl in snowy weather (help a lame dog over a stile 阶梯)画蛇添足 to draw a snake and add feet to it (paint the lily 百合花)2. 用对等的英语成语来译，给译文读者一种生动感和亲切感（归化法，套译法）小题大做 make a mountain out of a molehill(鼹鼠丘；琐事)赴汤蹈火 go through fire and water洗心革面 turn over a new leaf横行霸道 throw ones weight about大发雷霆 blow ones top过河拆桥 kick down the ladder乳臭未干 be wet behind the ears格格不入 be like square pegs(木钉) in round holes魂不附体 jump out of ones skin第三类：不能按字面翻译，需译出真正内涵意义1. 比喻形象不能被译文读者接受（中国成语特点之形象鲜明）开门见山 to come straight to the point ( to open the door and see the mountain*)眉飞色舞 to beam with joy (his eyebrows are flying and his countenance is dancing* )粗枝大叶 to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves*)无孔不入 to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole*)纸醉金迷 (a life of) luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold*)单枪匹马 to be single-handed in doing sth. (with a solitary spear and a single horse*)大张旗鼓 on a large and spectacular scale ( to make a great array of flags and drums*)风雨飘摇 (of a situation) being unstable ( The wind and rain are rocking*)2. 带有一定中国文化背景（中国成语特点之常用典故）毛遂自荐 to volunteer ones service叶公好龙 professed(声称的) love of what one really fears 东施效颦 crude imitation with ludicr