现在分词和过去分词j精讲精练.doc

现在分词和过去分词现在分词动词的-ing形式属于非谓语动词，可在句子中作谓语以外的各种成分，如主语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。否定形式是在分词前直接加not.一 作定语现在分词作定语，用于名词前或名词后1） 说明名词本身具有的性质、特征如： an interesting story a challenging task an exciting news a surprising news an amusing film2) 说明名词的用途如： a walking stick a reading roombuilding materials drinking water3) 表分词与名词之间是主动关系，或动作正在进行。这两个意思可取其中一个，也可两者兼顾。如： the rising sun a dancing girl smiling faces a flying bird boiling water the couple getting married the girl eating her lunch现在分词作定语的考点：主要考查现在分词和过去分词的区别过去分词作定语 1）说明分词与名词之间是被动关系，或动作已结束，这两个意思可取一个，也可两者兼顾如： boiled water used stamps fallen leaves spoken language the professor invited to the meeting the bridge completed last month 2) 说明后天产生的某种情绪 excited students a surprised look练习:1. Most of the professors _ to the conference were from Beijing University.A. invited B. to invite C. being visited D. had been invited2. The lady scolded the thief caught _ and let him off.A. to have stolen B. to be stealingC. to steal D. stealing3. Mr. Smith, _ of the _speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring4. Will those _ the children from abroad come to the headmasters office ? A. teaching B. teach C. who teaches D. who teaching5. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree ? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying二 作宾语1） 些动词后只能 + doing常见只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的词: avoid , advise; admit; consider; dislike; escape; enjoy; finish; mind; miss; risk; suggest; practise; imagine; keep; 以及短语: cant help (不禁, 忍不住); keep on ; be worth; feel like; look forward to 其中advise; allow; permit; forbid; recommend可+ doing作宾语, 但要用 to do 作宾补:We dont allow smoking here.We dont allow him to smoke here.2） 有些单词如: stop; remember; forget; regret; try; mean可接和作宾语, 但意义有很大区别3） need; require; want 作 “需要”时, + doing / to be done4） 介词后只能用 doing.练习:1. I would enjoy _ back tonight.A. you to call B. you callC. your calling D. youre calling2. How about the two of us _ a look at the pictures ?A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taken3. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to prepare for tomorrows exam.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone4. Many cant help _ the room because shes busy with her homework.A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned5. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in6 They would not allow him _ across the enemy fire. A. to risk going B. risk to go C. risking to go D. risk going三 作宾语补足语 修饰动词后的宾语，说明与宾语之间的关系为主动且动作正在进行如： Can you smell something burning ? People saw the police breaking the window with a hammer. There is an old man walking in the street.这种结构常用于以下的单词：1） 感官动词 see; hear; smell; watch; notice; feel; find; observe等2） 使役动词 make; let; have3） keep; leave及there be句型如： I heard her singing a beautiful song at the party last night. There were some boys shouting and crying under my window. The teacher made him standing for a whole class. The doctor kept the patient waiting outside for an hour.现在分词作宾补的考点：1. 使役动词let; make; have 及感官动词hear; see; notice; feel; watch; observe等后面可接不定式; 现在分词及过去分词， 考试一般考查宾补用do/ doing/ done的哪种形式。+ 不定式强调动作的全过程; + 现在分词强调动作与宾语之间存在主动关系, 及动作正在进行;+ 过去分词强调动作与宾语之间存在被动关系, 及动作已经完成. 如:I must see my child cross the street.I saw the thief stealing her money.You will see many problems settled in this way.2. 当感官动词和使役动词后的宾补是不定式时， 要省掉不定式符号to。 如：The boss made Miss White type the letter again.而当这些动词转成被动语态时 必须把to补充出来. 如Miss White was made to type the letter again.3当对宾语提问,不加任何词.His sister made him cry today.-Who did his sister make cry today?Would you like to have him repair your watch?-Who would you like to have repair your watch?4 除了这些词, 其它动作的宾语补足语则一般用不定式. ask sb to do sth; 等等.练习:1. I warned my son _ after drinking.A. never to drive B. to never driveC. never driving D. never drive2. Wang Tao was made _ the dishes for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing3. The teacher raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _ .A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard4. The missing boy were last seen _ basketball on the playground.A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play5. The boy wanted to swim in the lake, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not to do it D. do not to6The teacher made the boy _ for a whole class as a punishment. A. standing B. stand C. stood D. to stand7. They saw a young man _ the old building. A. entering B. enter C. entered D. to enter8. He saw an old man _ by a big truck yesterday. A. knocking B. knock C. knocked D. to knock9. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked四 作表语主要考查现在分词和过去分词,; 现在分词表与生俱来的性质. 特征. 属性; 过去分词表受外物影响而产生的某种情绪, 属后天的.如: The story is very interesting. He is interested in the story.五 现在分词作状语:a) 现在分词作状语都表示动词与主句谓语动词之间存在主动关系.现在分词表时间. 原因. 伴随和条件.不定式一般强调不定式的动作在主句的谓语动词之后发生; 而现在分词一般强调分词的动作与主句子的谓语动词同时发生.如: Seeing the beautiful sights , she burst into laughter.b) 现在分词作状语有两种形式, 一般式 (doing) 和完成式 (having done). 一般式强调分词的动作与主句的谓语动词同时发生或几乎同时发生; 而完成式强调分词的动作先于主句的谓语动词之前发生.如: Not knowing that a storm was coming, I went out.Having written the composition, I took a short rest.现在分词作状语的考法：1） 主要考查现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别现在分词作状语强调与主句的主语之间是主动关系； 过去分词作状语强调与主句的主语之间是被动关系. 一般式 (done) 和完成式 (having been done). Reading attentively, he forgot the time for lunch.He lay on the grass, looking at the sky for a long time.Seeing the beautiful sights, she burst into laughter.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.Seen from top of the mountain, the town looks small.2) 考查现在分词应该用一般式还是完成式 _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added3) 考查现在分词作状语时与主句主语之间的关系。这种考法主要考查现在分词用于状语从句的省略句， 与主句主语之间的关系。当现在分词用作状语时，表该现在分词的动作是主句的主语发出来的While watching television, _.A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings4) 考查with的复合结构The man lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky.The students listened to the teacher carefully, with their eyes fixed on the blackboard.5) 分词的独立结构 分词独立主格结构作状语, 其形式的选择不受上下文的影响, 称作独立成分.judging from/ by consideringgenerally speaking compared with/ to 独立主格结构, 就是分词有其自己的独立的主语, 可以不与句子的主语保持一致. 独立主格结构没有谓语, 所以在语法上不是句子. 此结构在句子中起方式、时间、条件、伴随情况等状语或状语从句的作用。独立主格结构应与句子的主体部分分隔开来。Weather permitting, well go sightseeing.It being Sunday, we went climbing.Nobody being in the room, I didnt go in.There begin no time left, wed better hurry.The task finished, we went out.The plan made, we all had a rest.综合练习:1. The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area.A. caused B. to have causedC. to cause D. having caused2. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away.A. run B. running C. to run D. run3. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars.A. had B. having C. to have D. have4. While watching television, _.A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings5. _ more about university courses, call (920) 746-7878.A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out6. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough.A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained7. We set out at 9:00_ home at 10:30.A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived8. -I must apologize for _ ahead of time.-Thats all right.A. letting you not know B. not letting you knowC. letting you know not D. letting not you know9. The headmaster wanted the new classroom building _ as soon as possible.A. to put up B. to be put upC. to have been put up D. being put up10. She made a candle _ us light.A. give B. gave C. to give D. given11. He felt a stone _ his back.A. hitting B. hit C. hitted D. to hit12. In Australia, he made a lot of friends _ a very practical knowledge of the English language.A. get B. to get C. getting D. got13. -What did you mean by saying that ?-I mean no harm. I only _ .A. meant helping B. want to help C. meant to help D. want helping14. She searched the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest15. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied16. On Saturday afternoon, Mr Green went to the market, _ some bananas and visited his cousin.A. bought B. buying C. to buy D.buy17.-The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot _ . A. turning it off B. turn it off C.to turn it off D. having turned it off17. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first playedC. first played D. to be first playing18. _ is know to all, China will be an _ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.A. That; advancing B. This; advancedC. As; advanced D. It; advancing19. -Do you feel like _ there or shall we take a bus ?-Id like to walk. But since there isnt much time left, Id rather we _ a taxi.A. walking; hire B. to walk; hireC. to walk; hired D. walking; hired20. The stranger you saw_ with a big traveling-bag stayed in Room 104 yesterday.A. to come in B. come inC. has come in D. who came in21. -Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.-Mm, it does have a _ smell. A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleasedC. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant22. The problem _ at the meeting tomorrow is very important to all of us.A. discussed B. to discuss C. being discussed D. to be discussed23. “Do you have any clothes _ today ?” Father asked Mother.A. washing B. to wash C. washed D. to be washed24. He raised his hand _ the taxi _.A. to have; to stop B. to have; stopC. having; stopping D. having; stop25. He hurried to the station only _ the train had left.A. to be told B. to tell C. telling D. told26. The bus rolled into the valley, _ ten deaths and more wounded.A. to cause B. caused C. causing D. having caused27. George went house-hunting for a week but still he didnt find a room _.A. to live B. for living C. to live in D. to be lived in28. I advise you _ twice before _ to accept the position.A. to think; deciding B. thinking; to decideC. to think; decide D. think; decide29. My sisters had to wash their faces and hands. I was _, but I wouldnt till my mother told me _ the mirror.A. asked; to look in B. asking to; to look inC. asked to; to look in D. asking to; looking in30. Generally _, English is not difficult to learn.A. speaking B. to speak C. spoken D. speak31. The girl was made _ she didnt love at all. A. marry a man B. to marry a man C. to marry with a man D. married with a man32. Walking down the street the other day ,_. A. I saw unusual something happened B. a terrible accident happened C. something unusual was seen by me D. I saw a terrible accident33. The news_ Jim. He was _ at the news. He found the news _. A. surprised; surprised; surprising B. surprised; surprising; surprised C. surprising; surprised; surprised D. surprising; surprising; surprised34. There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed35. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long