大学英语水准的词组与考点难句精选.doc

大学英语水准的词组与考点难句精选北京大学英语系 索玉柱博士编讲一, 写作和阅读理解必备词组列表1. 短语动词 accuse sb. of sth指控某人adapt sth to(使)适应,(使)适合attach importance to 重视act as 充当break ones word 食言,失信beware of 注意,留心bear sth in mind 记住behave oneself 守规矩bring home to sth 使人深刻认识到bring sth under control 控制住burst into laughter 放声大笑break into tears 放声大哭bring sth to mind 回忆起bring sth to an end 使结束bring sth into use 采用catch fire 着火catch a glimpse of 瞥见catch hold of 抓住catch sight of 看见catch ones breath 喘一口气come in sight 出现come to an end 结束come in for criticism/blame 挨批评/责备come into being 开始形成,产生come to terms with 屈服come to oneself 苏醒,恢复知觉come true 实现,成为现实cut short 中断come to a conclusion 得出结论count as 看成,视为deny sth. to sb./deny sb.sth. 拒绝给某人某物deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物draw closer 临近draw sb.s attention 使某人注意drive home to 使人理解到do damage to 损坏do one good 对人有益draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论entitle sb. to sth. 给某人权利/资格/所有权equate sth with把与等同起来fall in love with 开始爱上fall ill 病倒fall into step 步调一致fall victim to 成为的受害者/牺牲品fall short of 缺乏 不符合find fault with 挑剔fill in for sb. 替代某人的工作flash a smile 笑容一闪fool sb. into doing 哄骗某人干 follow sb.s example/lead 以某人为榜样fill an appointment 践约gain access to 取得使用/接触 机会greet. sth. with 对某事作出某种反应go out of business 停业get/run/slip into debt 负债get along with 与相处get out of hand 无法控制get rid of 摆脱,去掉gain experience in 获得经验gain/have an advantage over 胜过, 优于get in touch with 与联系get in the way of 妨碍,阻碍give birth to 引起,使产生give sb credit for sth因赞扬/尊重某人give an account of 叙述,说明give rise to sth引起give way to 让位于give a hand to sb给某人帮助go out of ones way to do 特地,不怕麻烦go too far 做过头,做过分go without saying 不言而喻have a mind to do 很想做have a fancy for 热衷于hail sb./sth. as 热情赞扬某人/ 某事have a capacity for 有的能力have sth in common with在有共同之处have/take interest in 对有兴趣have no alternative but to do 除了别无选择have no choice but do 除了别无选择have nothing do with 与无关have something to do with 与有关have no option but 除别无他法have sth. at heart 关心某事hit on an idea of 偶然想起主意holdin high regard 对极为重视hold true 适用,有效keep in mind 记住keep an eye on 照看,注视keep in touch with 保持接触keep sb. company 与某人做伴keep in order 保持整齐keep pace with 与保持一致keep sth to oneself 对秘而不宣keep tabs on 密切注意keep to the point 切题keep diary 记日记keep track of 了解的情况kill time 消磨时间keep record of 记录keep watch over 监视lay stress on 注意,重视lay the blame on sb. for sth. 因某事责怪某人leave alone 不管,别惹lend a hand 帮忙let go of松手,放弃look to sb. for 指望,仰仗某人lose heart 扫兴,灰心lose ones mind 精神错乱lose ones sense 昏过去lose ones temper 发脾气lose touch with 与失去联系lose track of 与失去联络make room for 为腾出地方make up ones mind 下决心make acquaintance with 结识make a fortune 发财meet demands 满足要求make a thing of 认为重要make a point of doing 坚持做,一定要做make sense 有意义,是明智的make light of 不把当回事make sure 确信make a habit of 形成/养成习惯measureagainst 拿与比make an attempt 试图make friends with 与交朋友make fun of 取笑make use of 利用make mention of 提到,说到make do with 勉强对付make no difference 没有关系make peace with 与讲和miss the point 没有抓住要领make a /some difference 有/有些作用或影响make inquiries about 询问,打听matchagainst 使与较量make a/the case that 提出理由,事实证明make ones way 前进,进行make reference to 谈及make the most of 尽量利用nameafter 照命名owe it to sb. to do 认为自己有必要为某人做pay a visit to 访问pay attention to 注意pay ones respects 表示敬意pay duty on 付关税perceiveas 把看作persuade sb. of 使某人相信play a part in 参与,起作用play a trick/joke on 捉弄,开的玩笑pride oneself on 以为自豪put emphasis on 重视,强调pull oneself together 振作起来put an end to sth结束putinto effect 实行,使生效put into use 使用,利用put right 恢复正常,纠错regardas 把看作rise to ones feet 站起来range fromto从到reduceto 使简化成refer toas 把称作restrictto 把限制在之内remind sb. of 使某人想起rest assured that 请放心reach an agreement 取得一致意见run short of 缺少,快用完seeas 把看作seek/take shelter from 寻找庇护setapart from 使与不同stand a chance of doing 有可能做stand to reason 合乎情理strike sb. as 在某人看来似乎see to it that +从句 确保+分句take into consideration 考虑take /run risks 冒险take effect 奏效take pains to do 费尽力气做take advantage of 利用takefor granted 认为理所当然take care of 照顾take charge of 掌管,负责take delight in (特别)喜欢take possession of 占有take pity on 怜悯take the liberty of 擅自take measures 采取措施take notice of 注意,留心take into account 考虑take part in 参加take precedence over 比重要take steps 采取步骤take the place of 代替take pride in 以为自豪take a short cut 走捷径take offense 被惹祸take sb. to court 把某人告上法庭take sth. seriously 认真对待某事take revenge on sb. 报复某人take the initiative 采取主动take too far 做得过火take heart 受到鼓励,树立信心take account of 考虑,重视take pleasure in 以为乐taketo heart 对深为感动take root 确定,建立take shape 成形take a chance(on sth.)冒险,投机,碰运气turn sb. against sb. else 使某人转而反对某人watch ones step 严谨行事wave good-bye to sb 向某人告别weigh sth. against sth. 掂量某事,权衡某事2.介词短语【充当状语,表语或定语】(1) at短语at all costs 不惜任何代价at/behind the wheel 在驾驶at a disadvantage 处于不利地位at a profit 获利at ease 不拘束,自在at fault 有毛病at great length 长久地,详细地at a loss 不知所措at hand 就在手边,附近at heart 本质上,实际上at ones expense of 以为代价at the moment 此刻;那时at the point of 就要at intervals 时时at ones expense 由某人付费at ones request 应某人请求at ones best 处于最佳状态at ones wits end 不知所措at once 立刻at ones service 听候某人吩咐at random 任意,随意at sight of 一看见at short notice 一接到通知就at the bottom of 在根底上at the rate of 以的速度at the cost of 以为代价at the risk of 冒的危险at the first opportunity 尽快at the hands of 出自之手at times 有时候at will 随意,任意at the mercy of 完全受支配(2) by短语:by accident 偶然by aid of 借助于by and large 总的说来by appearance 从外表by chance 偶然,碰巧by day/night 白天/黑夜by far +adj 得多;最by mistake 弄错by and by 不久以后by all means 毫无疑问,当然by means of 用,依靠by name of 名字叫by nature 生性by no means 决不by oneself 单独by surprise 突然by virtue of 靠,由于by request 应邀by turns 轮流by way of 经由by the way 顺便说(3) for短语:for a change 改变一下for ages 很久for anything 无论如何for certain/sure 肯定地for fear of 免得for lack of 缺乏for nothing 免费for one thing 第一,首先for another 第二,其实for short 简称for the benefit of 为利益for the better 好转for the purpose of 为了for want of 缺乏for the most part 多半,通常for the moment 暂时for the present 暂时for the sake of 为缘故for the time being 暂时(4) in短语in a happy mood 心情愉快in a way 在某种程度上in advance 事先in a good/bad light 从好/坏的角度in accord with 与一致in action 在活动,在运行中in addition to 除外in all probability 很可能,十之八九in an attempt to do 企图做in any event 无论如何in answer to 作为对的回答in a manner of speaking 可以说in a flash 迅速,立即in authority 有权in bloom 开着花in good condition 情况良好in bulk 大量in circles 毫无进展in case of 万一in comparison with 比较in conclusion 总之,最后in connection with 与有关in contact with 接触,联系in disrepute 声名狼藉in due course 适当时候in effect 实际上in fact 事实上in favor of 赞同,支持in full accord 一致的in large supply 大量in itself 本身in that 既然,因为in line with 与一致in nature 在本质上in need of 需要in no way 决不,一点也不in ones name 以某人的名义in ones opinion 在某人看来in particular 尤其in place 在原处in public 公开in place of 代替in private 私下in proportion 成比例in preference to 优先in question 所谈论的;质疑in respect of 关于;涉及in stock 存货in support of 支持,拥护in the event of 万一in the right 有理in time 及时in honor of 为纪念in possession of 占有in other words 换句话说in reality 事实上in response to 响应in retrospect 回想起来,事后看来in return 回报in session 在开会in shape 处于良好的健康状况in short 总之in sbs own right 凭自己的条件/能力in spite of 尽管in succession 接连的in terms of 按照;用的术语in the interest of 为利益in the meantime 与此同时in turn 依次in the hope that 希望能in the company of 与一起in the first place 首先in the final/last analysis 说到底,归根结底in the light of 鉴于,由于in the long run 从长远来看in the presence of sb 当着某人in view of 由于,考虑到(5) on短语on a +adj basis 以某种方式方法on a +adj scale 以+形容词规模on average 平均on bad/good terms with 与关系不好/友好on behalf of 代表on business 因公on credit 以赊账的方式on demand 一经请求on fire 着火on guard 警戒on leave 在休假on no account 决不on ones own 独自on ones own initiative 主动地,自发地on purpose 故意的 on schedule 准时on the basis of 根据on the brink of 在边缘on the contrary 相反on the increase 正增长on occasion 偶尔on second thought 仔细考虑on the decline 在下降on the grounds of 根据,以为理由on the move 在移动中,在奔波中on the occasion of 在之际on the spot 当场,立即on short notice 一接到通知就on the strength of 根据,凭借on the threshold of 在的开始/初期on that account 由于那个缘故on the whole 总的看来(6) of和out of 组成的短语:of ones own choice 自己选择of ones own accord 出于自愿地,主动地out of breath 上气不接下气out of balance 失去平衡out of harmony with 与不直协调out of stock 脱销out of date 过时out of hand 失去控制out of order 出了故障out of patience 不耐烦out of pity 出于怜悯out of proportion to 与不相称out of control 失去控制out of business 破产out of practice 久不练习,荒疏out of style 过时,不时髦out of work 失业out of step 与他人不协调out of the ordinary 不寻常的(7) to短语to and fro 前后,回来to the best of ones knowledge 就某人所知to a certain extent/degree 在某种程度上to ones satisfaction 使某人满意to ones credit 值得赞扬to ones belief 令某人相信的是to ones benefit 对某人有益的to ones delight 令某人高兴的是to ones disappointment 使某人失望的是to ones liking 合某人的胃口to ones surprise 使某人惊讶的是to ones relief 使某人欣慰的是to ones shock 令某人震惊的是to ones taste 合某人胃口to the good 有好处to the point 切题to the best of ones potential 尽其所能to the utmost 尽力(8) under短语under age 未成年under arrest 逮捕under sbs signature 经某人签名under control 被控制under consideration 在考虑中under discussion 在讨论中under a false name 用假名under the circumstances 在情况下under the color of 以的借口under on circumstances 决不,任何情况不都不under the impression 记得under the influence of 在影响下under the pressure of 在压力不under the sun 世界上;究竟under the weather 有病under way 进行着under the care of 由照看under treatment 在治疗under repair 在修理中(9) with, within 和 without 组成的短语with certainty 确定无疑地with a firm hand 坚决地with a light heart 心情愉快地within bounds 在允许范围内with a view to 为了;由于with a will 热情地with an eye to 着眼于with all ones heart 真心诚意地with one accord 一致地within call 在附近with reserve 有保留地with the exception of 除外with regard to sth关于with open arms 热情地with limits 在一定范围内within ones rights 有权with reach of 在附近within the law 合法地without end 无穷尽地 without exception 毫无例外地without limit 无限制地without loss of time 立即without rest 立即without reserve 无保留地without hesitation 毫不犹豫地3.不同词类混合搭配all at once 一下子as a matter of fact 事实上all manners of 各种各样的as yet 到现在为止as it happens 恰好 碰巧all but 几乎,差不多all the same 尽管如此,仍然as it is 事实上as far as sth is concerned 就而言a labor of love 心甘情愿做的事a touch of 少许,一点a battery of 一连串的a host of 大量,许多a great many 很多all the way 完完全全all of a sudden 突然a good deal 非常,极其,大量a stream of 一连串,一系列的a batch of 一批as a matter of course 作为理所当然的事better off 生活较优裕body and soul 全心全意地far from 远远不,完全不是judging from 根据判断as a last resort 作为最后手段many a +单数名词 许多much less 更谈不上may well do sth很可能做might as well do倒不如做no morethan不比更多no doubt 肯定地now that 既然not in the least 一点也不not to mention 更不用说once and for all 彻底地other than 除了prior to 在之前once in a while 偶尔right away 立刻side effect 副作用so much so that 到如此的地步以至于so to speak 可以这么说speaking of sth说到scores of 大量,许多the scheme of things 事物的格局time and again 一次又一次the breath of life 生活中不可缺的东西thanks to 由于,幸亏walk of life 行业,职业,社会阶层when it come to 说到,一旦涉及Where sth is concerned, 就来说二,与写作相关的实用谚语勇者事成.Fortune favors the brave. 后悔无益.It is no use crying over spilt milk. 学无止境.Live and learn. Time alone will reveal. 日久自明.只有到将来才知道.When in Rome do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗;入境问俗.The early bird catches the worm. 捷足先得.Not to advance is to go back. 不进则退.Business is business. 公事公办.Kill two birds with one stone. 一举两得.No pains, no gains. 无劳无获.A good turn deserves another. 善有善报.As one makes ones bed, so one must lie on it. 自作自受.自食其果.Seeing is believing. 眼见为实.All roads lead to Rome. 殊途同归.各种方法都可以.All is well that ends well. 皆大欢喜.No sweet without sweat. 苦尽甘来.Every dog has his day.时来运转.凡人皆有得意日.Good things never come easy. 好事多磨Time and tide wait for no one. 时不我待.Practise what you preach. 言行一致.The early bird catches the worn. 捷足先登.Count the chickens before they are hatched. 寅吃卯粮.The darkest hour is before dawn. 否及泰来.Life less,fault less.人孰无过.Manners makes the man.举止取人.Things go contrary to ones wishes. 事与愿违.Look before you leap. 三思而后行Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达.First come,first served. 先到先招待.One swallow doesnt make a summer.一燕不成夏.Prosperity makes friends, adversity tries them. 患难见知己.Dont judge a book by its cover. 人不可貌相.Courtesy costs nothing. 礼多人不怪.Money dont grow on trees. 钱来之不易.Bad news travels fast. 坏事传得快.Men are blind in their own cause.当局者迷.Many hands makes light work.人多好办事.Many men,many minds.人多想法多.One tree does not make a forest. 独木不成林.Habit is second nature. 习惯成自然.Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知.God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者.In accomplishing anything definite a man renounces everything else.一心不二用.If you run after two hares you will catch neither. 一心不可两用.There are more good fish in the sea. 海里有的是鱼.还有很多机会呢.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 多得不如现得.双鸟在林不如一鸟在Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见,心不想.Look before you leap. 三思而后行.深思熟虑而后行.Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同.Everything in the garden is lovely. 一切称心如意.Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成.Waste not, want not. 不浪费,不愁缺.Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩.Men are known by the company they keep.观其友,知其人.Life is but a span.人生短如指距.It is different from now from then. 此一时,彼一时.A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑,长一智.First thing first. 凡事有轻重缓急.三,阅读理解中的考点句举例应用要点(Usage)事实或实例 ( Facts or examples )可以将电一词换掉,举另一例.Nothing has so greatly affected our lives as electricity.没有东西像电这样,给我们的生活带来如此巨大的影响.2. 利用比较句型说明细节或事实.E-mails are much more convenient than letters, but easier said than done, people much prefer getting a letter in the mail. 电子邮件比书信方便得多,但说起来容易做起来难,人们还是更喜欢在邮箱中收到信件.3. 利用一个设问句,举人物为个人奋斗的例子.人名可以替换.We youths love self-made men and women. And who was ever more literally self-made than Bill Gates 我们年轻人喜欢通过自我奋斗而成功的男女.就此而论,难道还有谁真的能比比尔 盖茨更为成功 4. 利用语句的平行结构(If,; If),表达具体的细节内容.If you have great talents, industry will improve them; if you have but moderate abilities, industry will supply their deficiency. And where there are industrious persons, there is wealth, for the hand of the diligent makes riches.如果你很有天赋,勤勉会使你完善;如果你能力一般,勤勉能补足你的缺陷.哪里人勤劳,哪里就富裕,因为勤劳之手创财富.5.利用同位语进行说明事实.Business underlies everything in our national life,including our spiritual life. Witness the fact that in the Lords a Prayer the first petition is for daily bread. 工作是我们国家生活中一切事情的基础,包括我们的精神生活.在对主的祷文中人们首先祈求每日的食粮便是一个明证.6.学习描写人物的语句.He had three sons, but they were all grown and married now, and they were so busy with their own lives;they only had time to stop by and eat dinner with their father once a week.他有三个儿子,但他们都已经长大成人,结婚成家,各自忙于自己的生活,每星期只能抽空来一次陪老父亲一起吃顿饭.7.几个并列的名词短语充当主语.Intellectual talent,internal drive,diligent working attitude and can-do spirit all are prerequisites of the success of scientific research.聪明的天资,内在的动力,勤奋的工作态度和拼搏的精神,这些都是科学研究成功的前提.8. A and B alike; neverso +形+as+从句We exaggerate misfortune and happiness alike. We are never either so wretched or so happy as we say we are.不幸和幸福被我们同样夸大了.我们从不像我们所说的那么痛苦,也从不那么快乐.9.学习比喻的语言.Originality is unexplored territory. You get there by carrying a canoeyou cant take a taxi. 创新是未开交的区域,你要到达那儿,只能独自去闯,不能搭便车.10. 学习比喻的语言.My soup would be pretty bland without the vegetables, and so would my life if it didnt have the little ups and downs.没有这些蔬菜,我的汤就会乏味,生活中如果没有点小坎坷同样会如此的.11.模仿比较级的写作技巧.The great society is a place where men are more concerned with the quality of their goals than the quantity of their goods.伟大的社会是这样的地方,人们更关心的走自己的目标的质童而非财富的数量12.这里是含有因果语义关系的描写句.Her courage and selfless example continue to be a source of inspiration and strength for me and for everyone, as we continue our work of caring for all living creatures .她的勇气和忘我精神的榜样将继续成为我和每一个人的动力和力量之源泉,因为我们将继续关切所有生灵.13. .这里是含有因果语义关系的描写句.Its a damn good thing too, because the whole structure of our society depends on mutual trust, no distrust.这也是一件很好的事情,因为我们整个社会结构是靠互相信任而不是猜疑来维系的.14. .这里是含有比较关系的描写句.National progress is the sum of individual industry, energy and uprightness, as national decay is of individual idleness, selfishness and vice.国家之前进源于个人的勤奋,奋发,正直,正如国家之衰落由于个人的懒惰,自私,堕落.15. .这里是有虚拟语气的条件句.If the failures of this world could realize how desperate half the present-day geniuses once felt,they would take heart and try again.世上的失败者若能了解到当今的天才曾经有半数一度感到过多绝望,他们就会振作精神,再次努力.16. .这里是个描写句.注意使用enable sb to do sth 的搭配词组.how引导的名词性从句作imagine的宾语.The self-understanding that you gain enables you to imagine how certain occupations may best fit your personality, interests, abilities, and goals.获得自我了解有助于你去设想哪些职业最适合你的个性,兴趣,能力和理想.17. 学习Consider+句子的使用方法.What从句的平行结构.Consider the kind of person you are, what youre likely to be like, what changes are likely to take place in an occupation, what basic problems you might meet, and what you need to solve your problems. 设想一下你是什么类型的人,你将会成为什么样的人,工作中大概会发生什么变化,你将会碰到哪些基本问题,解决这些问题你需要些什么.18. 这是一个细节句的写作范例.These educated guesses should represent your understanding of yourself at present, what you can do, and what you will do.这些有水平的猜测代表着你对当前自我的了解,你能做些什么,以及你将会干什么.19.这是一个细节句的写作范例.注意两个动名词短语作主语.Taking inventory of progress and planning further steps can help you cope with the changes that you undergo and the changes that take place in the labor market.详细列出自己的进步,做出下一步计划,有助于你应付自身经历的变化及劳务市场上的动荡.20. 关于.的问题Regarding the question of+名词或名词性从句.Regarding the question of whether it is bet