形容词副词比较等级.doc

高中英语语法复习专题讲解-形容词副词一、考点聚焦1、形容词和副词的比较等级（3）比较级的用法。对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：This picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如： This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。如：He works even harder than before.注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：She is better than she was yesterdayPlease come earlier tomorrow.另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越越”）。如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如：The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.倍数表达法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.(4)最高级的用法。三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如：This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.How much did the second most expensive hat cost?表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：He is the tallest(boy)in his class.作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如：He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)The film is most interesting.(most=very)表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the。如：who is the older of the tow boys?在“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构中。在same前一般要加the。有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。（6）由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。 as much as + 不可数名词数量。Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.as many as + 可数名词数量 多达I have as a many as sixteen reference books.as early as早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.as far as远到；就而知（论）We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.may (might, could)as well不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here.as as can be到了最的程度，极其They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。as as one canHe began to run, as fast as he could.as as possibleJust get them to finish up as quickly as possible.(7)重要的词语辨析。so that 与such that 的区别。so + 形容词 / 副词 + that so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that 注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weather。二、精典名题导解选择填空1. It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science.（NMET 2001）A. an art much as B. much an art asC. as an art much as D. as much an art as2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _known for his plays.(NMET 1998)A. the best B. more C. better D. the most高考英语比较级典型陷阱题分析3. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice.A. a better B. a bestC. the better D. the best 4“Ive never found a better job.” “_.”A. I dont think so B. Too badC. Congratulations D. Dont worry 5“What do you think of the service here?” “Oh, _. We couldnt have found a better place.”A. too bad B. sorryC. wonderful D. impossible6 Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ.A. a high B. a higherC. the higher D. the highest7 How cold it is! Weve never had _ this winter.A. the colder day B. a cold dayC. the coldest day D. a colder day8. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. better D. the most。9. You are _ careful than your brother. You two cant do the work that needs care and skill. A. not more B. no more C. not less D. no less【分析】要做对此题，首先要正确理解以下结构的含义：not more than = 不如no more than = 和一样不 (否定两者)not less than = 不如不 (即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)no less than = 和一样 (肯定两者)比较以下各句的意思：You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细（你比他粗心）。You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细（你不如他粗心）。You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。通过以上分析，再结合句子语境，可知此题最佳答案为B。10. “Oh, how fat he is!” “But I think he is _ than fat.”A. short B. shorter C. more short D. shortest【分析】C。要弄清此问题，得先从比较句型的两种不同类型说起：(1) 异类同质比较：即指两个不同的人或事物(异类)在同一方面(同质)进行比较。如：My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。(2) 同类异质比较：即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较，这类句子常译为“(更多的)是，而不是”、“与其不如”等。如：He was more lucky than clever. 他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。She was mare surprised than angry. 她感到更多的是惊讶而不是生气。This is more a war movie than a western. 这更应当说是一部战争片，而不是西部片。按英语习惯，在进行同类异质比较时，只能用more构成比较级，不能用-er形式，即使是单音节词也是如此。比较级和最高级的常用句型 名称 句型 例句相等 as 原形 as (as 原形+名词 as ) The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.He has not as much money as his friend.不及 not as(so) 原形 as (not asso +名词+原形 as ) She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.比较级+ than Health is more important than wealth.超越 the +比较级+of the two两者中较 的一个 He is the taller of the two.用于否定 no +比较级+than 和一样不 He is no richer than I.他和我一样不富有。用于否定 最不过 His work couldnt be worse.他的工作再糟糕不过了。程度递增 er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越) higher and higher more and more important 两种情况同时变化 the +比较级，the+比较级（越，越） The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave.三者或三者以上比较 the +最高级+of/in+比较范围（之中最） Of all things in the world, people are the precious.比较级结构的修饰语1用于原级之前：almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice, three times , a third, etc.John is almost as tall as you.The river is three times as long as that one.We have a third as many students as we had last term.2用于比较级前many, a few (用于more +可数名词前) It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent, three times etc.Its cold this year, but its even colder last year.We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.3用于形容词和最高级前the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/secondThis hat is by far the largest in the world.Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .四、形容词的比较等级1.形容词原级的用法(1)需要注意的形容词的原级用法:数词+times +as+形容词原级+as(是的几倍).例如:This tree is twice as short as that one.这棵树比那棵树矮一倍.My scores are three times as many as yours.我的分数是你的三倍.This road is four times as wide as that one.这条马路的宽度是那条的四倍.half +as+形容词原级+as(的一半).例如:My English is not half as good as yours.我的英语不如你的一半好.This town is half as big as ours.这个城镇有我们城镇的一半大.The rivers in the north arent half as many as those in the south. 北方的河流不如南方的一半多.asas结构中,若形容词作定语修饰可数名词单数,不定冠词a(an)应置于形容词与名词之间.例如:English is as important a subject as maths.英语是和数学同样重要的一门学科.Uncle Wang is as good a man as my father.王叔叔是与我父亲同样好的一个人.This is as famous a school as ours.这是一所与我们学校同样著名的学校.asas结构若指同一个人或物,则并无比较意义,而只是说明某人或某物具有两种性质.译为又又或不但而且.例如:This computer is as good as it is cheap.这台电脑又好又便宜.The boy is as strong as he is brave.这个男孩又健壮又勇敢.The city of Suzhou is as beautiful as it is clean.苏州城既美丽又干净.2.形容词比较级的用法(1)表示两者之间比较时,用形容词比较级+than或lessthan两种句型.例如:Your mother looks healthier than before.你妈妈看上去比以前健康了.Im less interested in basketball than you.我没有你对篮球感兴趣.(2)形容词的比较级还可以用于以下句型中.more and more 越来越.例如:The park is getting more and more beautiful.这个公园变得越来越美了.China had become stronger and stronger.中国已变得越来越强大了.the morethe 越就越.例如:The more books we read, the cleverer we will become. 我们读的书越多,就会变得越聪明.The more trees, the better. 树越多越好.The sooner, the better. 越早越好.The more exercise we take, the healthier we are.我们越锻炼,身体就越健康.the+比较级+of the two两个中较的一个.例如:Id like to go to the farther of the two places.我愿意去两个地方中更远的那个地方.She is the fatter of the two girls.她是那两个女孩中较胖的一个.比较级+than any other+单数名词比其他任何都.例如:Li Lei is taller than any other boy in his class. 李雷比他班上其他任何一个男孩都高.(暗指李雷最高)The population of China is larger than any others in the world. 中国的人口比世界上其他任何国家的人口都多.(暗指中国人口最多)五、几种常见的形容词句型1.形容词+介词+名词(或代词或动名词)Im not interested in playing computer games.我对打电脑游戏不感兴趣.My parents are pleased with my studies.我父母对我的学习感到满意.2.It is(was)+形容词+of/for+名词(或代词)+不定式Its foolish of me to make such a mistake.犯这样的错误,我真是太傻了.It was kind of the driver to send the old man home.这位司机把老人送回家,他真是太好了.Its difficult for me to finish the work in a day.对我来说,一天之内完成这项工作很难.3.形容词+不定式常用于这种句型的形容词有:able, sure, lucky, ready, happy, likely等.例如:She is sure to pass the exam.她一定会通过考试的.Im lucky to meet you here.我真幸运,能在这儿碰到你.几个无比较意义的比较级句型归纳1. no more than =only 只有，仅仅，只不过There are no more than a hundred people in the hall. 大厅里只有100人。2. not more than=at the most 不超过，至多There are not more than a hundred people in the hall. 大厅里至多100人。3. no less than 多达，不少于He made no less than500. 他赚了多达五百英镑的钱。He walks no less than five miles to school. 他上学至少要走五英里。4. less than 不到，不太，极不I wont take less than $5000 for my car. 我的汽车低于5000美元不卖。The boys were less than happy about having a party. 开晚会男孩子并不很高兴。Doctors have been less than successful in treating this condition. 医生在治疗这种病时极不成功。 5. more than 多于，超过(=over，后接数词)；不只是(=not only，后接名词、动词或副词)；非常，十分(=very，后接形容词、副词、动词或分词)；难以，完全不能(用于more thancan)He was more than seventy years of age. 他有七十多岁了。He more than smiled, but laughed. 他不只是微笑而是大笑。They were more than glad to help. 他们非常乐于帮忙。That is more than I can tell. 那我就不知道了。6. more or less (=almost, nearly, about) 基本上，差不多，大约The work is more or less finished. 工作基本上完成了。The repairs will cost $30, more or less. 修理费大约要30美元。7. sooner or later 迟早，早晚，总有一天You should tell her because shell find out sooner or later.你还是告诉她吧，因为她早晚会发觉的。8. whats more 而且，此外，还有，更有甚者I missed the bus and had to walk home. Whats more, it was raining and I got all wet. 我赶不上巴士，不得不走回家，而且那时正在下雨，我全身都湿透了。9. no soonerthan 一就巩固训练1. It takes a long time to go there by train. Ifs_by road. A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker2. -if you dont like the red coat, take the blue one. -Ok, but do you have _size in blue? This ones a bit tight for me. A. big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger3. -Are you satisfied with her answer? -Not at all. It couldnt have been_. A. worse B. so bad C. better D. the worst4. He made the _ mistakes in the dictation exercise. A. less B. least C. fewer D. fewest5.She doesnt speak _ her friends, but her written work is excellent. A. as well as B. as often as C. as much as D. as good as6.The horse is getting old and cannot run _ it did. A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so faster as D. as fast as7.Children shouldnt stay up _ grown-ups do. A. as later as B. so late thanC. so later as D. as late as8.-How did you find your visit to the museum? -I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected. A. far more interesting B. even much interesting C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting9.He had never spent a _ day.A. more worry B. most worrying C. more worrying D. most worried10.John has three sisters. Mary is the _ of the three. A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer 11.Among us Zhang Hong swims_. A. the fastest B. the most fast C. most fastly D. the most fastly 12.The salesman showed her several bags and she chose _ one as she didnt want to spend too much money on it. A. the less expensive B. less expensiveC. the least expensive D. least expensive13.Which is_country, Canada or Australia? A. a large B. large C. a larger D. the larger 14.Of the two shirts. Id like to choose_one.A. the less expensive B. the most expensive C. less expensive D. most expensive 15.If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was_choice.A. good B. the best C. better D. the better16. Its believed that _ you work, _ result youll get. A. the harder; the better B. the more hard; the more betterC. the harder; a better D. more hard; more better17.The climate of Shanghai in summer is not so hot as_. A. Nanjing B. of NanjingC. that of Nanjing D. in Nanjing18.If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _ money and _ people. (1990) A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. less; few19. Some people are against the plan, but _ support it.A.many more B.much more C.no more D.any more20. Paper produced every year is _ the worlds production of vehicle. A. the three times weight of B. three times the weight ofC. as three times heavy as D. three times heavy as21.After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 22. This ship measures_that one. A. as twice as long B. as twice long asC. twice long as D. twice as long as 23.The story sounds _. A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true 24.These oranges taste _. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well 25.John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _. A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening 26.What he said sounds_. A. nicely B. pleasantly C. friendly D. wonderfully 27.We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _. A. well; well B. bad; bad C. well; badly D. badly; bad28. -Mum, I think Im _ to get back to school. -Not really, my dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough29._ box cannot be lifted by a boy of five. A. So a heavy B. So heavy a C. A such heavy D. Such heavy a30._,I went to the railway station to see my friend off. A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinner C. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner31. It is a good way for you to memorize new words by seeing them _. A. properly B. repeatedly C. clearly D. usually32.It is well known that he has a _ memory.A. comfortable B. remarkable C. reasonable D. visible33.Look! The room is _ lighted and full of guests.A. brilliantly B. clearly C. warmly D. constantly34. This question is _ easy.A. completely B. widely C. fairly D. mostly35.I bought a shirt because it was good in quality and _ in price.A. reasonable B. valuable C. comfortable D. enjoyable36. The patients progress was encouraging as he could _ get out of bed without help. A. nearly B. only C. hardly D. badly37._,the medical team is made up of twelve doctors, A. Altogether B. Entirely C. Completely D. Wholly38.Good technique in medicine means less pain and fewer death and,_,it is our duty to master it. A. altogether B. therefore C. otherwise D. however39.She is _ to leave as soon as possible.A. hurried B. anxious C. worried D. nervous40.If you are _ about Australian cities, just read the book written by Dr. Johnson. A. interested B. anxious C. upset D. curious41.Their cheerful voices showed that they were having a _ discussion, (1997,上海)A. noisy B. serious C. complete D. friendly42.Alice