中国文化介绍ExploretheChineseCulture.ppt

let s learn together ! explore the chinese explore the chinese cultureculture what is culture definition ? some conceive of culture as separating humans from non-humans. some define it as communicable knowledge. some as the sum of historical achievements produced by mans social life. in a word: culture is learned, shared, and transmitted from the generation to the next. chinese culture overview chinachina: : 9,600,000 square kilometers, , is proud of five thousand years history. 56 ethnic groups:56 ethnic groups: living in china have developed their own customs. too many culture elements! brief contents 1. chinese religion and philosophy:1. chinese religion and philosophy: confucianism, taoism and buddhism 2. modern business culture pinyin: rji) is a chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of confucius (kng fz, lit. “master kong“, 551478 bc). it is a complex system of moral, social, political, philosophical, and quasi-religious thought that has had tremendous influence on the culture and history of east asia. t teachingseachings of confucianism of confucianism the basic clou of confucianism stresses the importance of the individual moral development, so that the state can be governed by moral virtue rather than by the laws. golden mean (philosophy): the felicitous middle between the extremes of excess and deficiency “ rid the two ends, take the middle one.” relationships are central to confucianism. particular duties arise from ones special situation in relation to others. ren 仁 (benevolence, love) pinyin: loz;) was a philosopher of china around 6th century b.c. and is a central figure in taoism. laozi literally means “old master“ and is generally considered an honorific. taoism is the chinese religion which believes in ghosts and spirits. it emphasized cooperation with the natural forces. t teachingseachings of taoism of taoism wu wei (无为; pinyin: wwi) is a central concept in taoism. the literal meaning of wu wei is “without action“. it is often expressed by the paradox wei wu wei, meaning “action without action“ or “effortless doing“. 1.3 buddhism1.3 buddhism shakyamuni buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to shakyamuni (gautama), commonly known as the buddha. buddha lived and taught in the northeastern indian subcontinent sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries bc. buddhism in chinabuddhism in china buddhism is the most important religion in china. it is generally believed that it was spread to central china in 67 ad during the han dynasty (206 bc-220). during its development in china, it has a profound influence on traditional chinese culture and thoughts, and has become one of the most important religions in china. journey to the west teachings of the buddha life is filled with suffering. suffering is caused by peoples wants. buddhism promotes code of conduct in life. that is what they call five precepts of avoiding killing, stealing, indulging, lying and alcohol drinking. it leads to self-understanding. king of monkey brief contents 1. chinese religion and philosophy:1. chinese religion and philosophy: confucianism, taoism and buddhism 2. modern business culture if not, then just take a sip“ is a common phrased exchanged during gatherings. not good. relationship and face are completely legal in chinese culture and not regarded as bribery. cardinalcardinal rules in negotiation business negotiations in china require a much more patient approach. the chinese culture makes the people suspicious of strangers, the term “we“ll consider it“ will be heard frequently. dont say or do anything to embarass the chinese participants and cause them to lose “face.“ dont point your finger or any sharp object such as a pen or pencil at anyone. dont lose your temper and raise your voice. dont wear bright colours. 2.3 gift givinggift giving gift giving is a big part of any culture. especially growing up chinese. gifts are often used in “guanxi“ to establish, or bring equilibrium to the relationship. things to avoid. do not give knives, scissors, letter openers, etc. it implies the severing of a relationship do not expect that a gift will be opened immediately avoid giving things to people in groups of four, since the number four in chinese is a homonym for the word death . never give a chinese gentleman a green hat. it is associated with adultery. do not wrap gifts in white, blue or black paper. gifts may be refused three times before they are accepted. 2.3 dining etiquette 1. if you are the guest, wait to be seated as hierarchy is involved . 2. eating usually begins once the host offers the first drink. . 3. let older people eat first, or if you hear an elder say “lets eat“, you can start to eat. 4. when helping yourself to the dishes, you should take food first from the plates in front of you rather than those in front of others. 5. do not stick chopsticks vertically into your food, especially not into rice, as this will make chinese think of funerals. brief contents 1. chinese religion and philosophy:1. chinese religion and philosophy: confucianism, taoism and buddhism 2. modern business culture most visitors coming to beijing will dishes all over the world; most visitors coming to beijing will never forget to have a try.never forget to have a try. 4.4. chinese arts and craftschinese arts and crafts 1.traditional festival: spring festivalspring festival 2. chinese folk arts: beijing opera, martial arts 3. chinese crafts: crafts: painting, embroidery, china 4.chinese architecture spring festivalspring festival there are many traditional festivals in china, there are many traditional festivals in china, such assuch as spring festival, lantern festival, spring festival, lantern festival, dragon boat festival, mid-autumn festivaldragon boat festival, mid-autumn festival. but spring festival, also known as chinese but spring festival, also known as chinese new year, is the most important in our culture, new year, is the most important in our culture, just as important as christmas day in western just as important as christmas day in western culture.culture. spring festivalspring festival the origin of spring festival”nian”, lunar the origin of spring festival”nian”, lunar year. celebrationreunion and thanksgivingyear. celebrationreunion and thanksgiving new years eve dinner new years eve dinner fireworks fireworks dui lian dui lian traditional festival chinese dumpling - the most important foods in chinese new year fireworks are used to scare fireworks are used to scare the beast “nian” and to get the beast “nian” and to get rid of ill luckrid of ill luck reflect the best wishes to the reflect the best wishes to the upcoming yearupcoming year chinese folk artschinese folk arts 业务 流程 chinese folk arts traditional festival martial arts (kung fu) beijing opera two special arts beijing operabeijing opera beijing opera is the most influential opera in china and has a history of around 200 years. it synthesizes the arts of singing, dancing, recitation, martial arts, and instrumental music. symbolism dominates the motions and stage designs. there are four main roles in beijing opera: sheng: is the male role in beijing opera. dan: is all female roles. jing: is known as hualian, a role with a painted face, who is a man of special character, features and personality. chou: is also called xiaohualian. a chou may be a kind-hearted, humorous and funny fellow ( some time likes buffoon). beijing operabeijing opera shengsheng dandan jing jing chouchou the facial painting is worth appreciating for its artistic value martial arts (kung fu )martial arts (kung fu ) anyone who has anyone who has seen classical seen classical chinese kung fu chinese kung fu movies will be movies will be deeply impressed deeply impressed by the chinese by the chinese wushu, which is wushu, which is called kung fu or called kung fu or chinese martial arts chinese martial arts in the west.in the west. do you know do you know bruce lee, bruce lee, jet li or jackie chan?jet li or jackie chan? martial arts (kung fu )martial arts (kung fu ) kung fu is an important and unique component of chinese cultural heritage with centuries of cultural history attached. kung fu not only includes physical exercise but also chinese philosophy, meditation and aesthetics. kung fus purpose from self-defense to health maintenance and finally as method of self-cultivation. kong fukong fu chinese architecturechinese architecture 业务 流程 a chinese structure is based on the principle of balance and symmetry. office buildings, residences, temples, and palaces all follow the principle that the main structure is the axis. the secondary structures are positioned as two wings on either side to form the main room and yard. the forbidden citythe for