形容词、副词比较级与最高级的变化规律.doc

一、 形容词、副词比较级与最高级的变化规律:1、规则变化:（1）单音节词末尾加-er(比较级)，-est(最高级)。例如： great greater greatest small smaller smallest clean cleaner cleanest light lighter lightest hard harder hardest(2)以不发音字母e结尾的单词，直接在词尾加-r或者-st 。例如: fine finer finest wide wider widest nice nicer nicest brave braver bravest cute cuter cutest late later latest(3)以重读闭音节结尾的单词，如果词尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写 这个辅音字母，再加-er或-est。例如： big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest red redder reddest thin thinner thinnest funny funnier funniest red redder reddest fat fatter fattest(4)少数以-er，ow，-ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er或-est。以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅音字母，则变y为-i，再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词只加-r和-st。例如： clever cleverer cleverestnarrow narrower narrowesteasy easier easiestlazy lazier laziest happy happier happiest特殊情况 far farther(比较远) farthest(最远) further(进一步) furthest(最大限度)区别：farther多指距离，以为更远。 further也可以指更远，但常用其引申意义，多指时间程度数量的更进一步。 特殊情况: old older oldest elder eldest区别1：older,oldest 泛指新旧,老幼或年龄大小关系 eg: He is the oldest boy in the class. 他是班上年龄最大的孩子。elder,eldest主要用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系。如：elder sister/daughter 姐姐长女 eg: My elder brother is one year older than I. 我哥哥比我大一岁区别2：elder可用作名词，表示年长的人， eg: respect the elders：敬老 ; 而 older不可以用作名词；区别3：older,oldest 即做定语又可做表语， 而elder,eldest 常做定语（美语中常用older,oldest 取代 elder,eldest）(5) 加more, most构成比较级和最高级: 多音节的形容词: expensive more expensive most expensive difficult more difficult most difficult frightening more frightening most frightening honest more honest most honest careful more careful most careful 由形容词加-ly构成的副词: slowly more slowly most slowly carefully more carefully most carefully quickly more quickly most quickly以-ful,-less,-able,-ous,-ive等结尾的双元音形容词。useful more useful most useless active more active most activeserious more serious most serious careless more careless most careless-ed分词和-ing分词形容词及often,real等单音节形容词。tiring more tiring most tiring tired more tired most tiredoften more often most often注：有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如： right, wrong, woolen等。下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法：cruel crueler cruelest more cruel most crueoften oftener oftenest more often most often strict stricter strictest more strict most strict friendly friendlier friendliest more friendly most friendly 2、不规则变化： 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly/ill worse worst much/many more most little less least far father/further fathest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest7、 常见的副词用来修饰比较级：much, far, a lot (.得多) even, still (更.)a bit, a little(.少)绝对不可能有的副词修饰比较级的:quite, very, more3、 多个形容词修饰一个名词时，其顺序为：限定词（冠词、指示代词等）+数词+描述性形容词+大小、长短、高低等形