形容词比较级和最高级讲解和练习.doc

EDUCATION OF MENGYI (BY Zi Youbing)形容词/副词比较等级的用法及专项练习为了使九年级同学们在复习英语的过程中，更加全面、深入、系统地掌握英语语法知识，提高英语复习质量，特为九年级同学介绍初中英语语法系列知识，希望对你们复习英语有所帮助。今天介绍形容词的比较级和最高级的用法。为了让每一位学生都有收获，进行了分层讲解。黑色是必须掌握的，红色是优等生也要掌握的。一、形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成1、规则变化 构成方法 原级 比较级最高级单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加-er或estcoldfastcolderfastercoldestfastest以字母e结尾，加-r或-stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写最后一个字母，再加-er或-estbigthinbiggerthinnerbiggestthinnest以“辅音加y”结尾，先改y为i，在加-er或-esteasyearlyeasierearliereasiestearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加 more 或erestingbeautifulmore interestingmore beautifulmost interestingmost beautiful2、不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldest二、形容词/副词比较级和最高级的用法1、原级的用法（1）as+ 原级+as 例：Hes as tall as his sister. He studies as hard as his sister does.（2）not as (so) +原形+as例：Hes not as (so)friendly as she. 此否定意义可以用 =Hes less friendly than she. less.than结构表示 Tom didnt get up as early as Mike did.=Tom got up less eraly than Mike did.（3）需要注意的问题 *在asas 结构中，若形容词作定语修饰可数名词单数，不定冠词（a,an）应置于形容词和名词之间。as+形容词原级+名词词组+as分句。 例：Tom is as good a player as his brother.=Tom is a player (who is)as clever as his brother.*asas结构若主语相同即指同一个人或物，表示某人或某物有两种性质，无比较意义，常译为“又又.”或“不但而且”。 例: The girl is as tall as she is beautiful. 这个姑娘不但个子高，而且很漂亮。（4）表示倍数：倍数+as+原形+as例：Our school is twice as big as yours.2、比较级的用法形容词/副词的比较级用于两个人或事物间的比较，通常用than引导比较对象。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。(1)A +形容词的比较级+than +B 例：The sun is bigger than the moon. (2) 需要注意的问题：形容词/副词比较级前可用many/some/any/rather/a bit/much/even/still/a little/a lot 等来修饰，表示“得多”,“甚至”“更”。He is a little younger than me. I have many more apples than you have. This question is a bit/a little/much/a lot more difficult than that one. Today is even colder than yestoday was. “形容词/副词比较级+and+形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越” 例：Its getting hotter and hotter. “The +形容词比较级 +the 形容词比较级 ”表示“越就越” 例：The more you eat, the fatter you will be. The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。 The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。 The more, the better. 越多越好。 “比较级+than any other+单数名词”表示“比其他任何都”。这个句型是用比较级形式，表达最高级的意思。 例：He is taller than any other student. “the+比较级+of+the two”表示“两个中较”的。 例：The skirt isthe cheaper of the two.这两件裙子，这件更便宜。 “no+形容词或副词比较级+than”所表示的恰好是该形容词或副词的反义。 John is no better than Tom.=John is as bad as Tom.3、最高级的用法 形容词/副词最高级用于三者或三者以上人/物之间进行比较。常用of或in短语表示比较的范围和类别。Of表示在同一类别内比较，in表示在同一范围内比较。（1）A + 动词+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短句和从句例：Shes the best student in her class.她是班上最好的学生。 Mike runs the fastest of the three boys.（2）“序数词+最高级+名词单数”表示“第几” 例：The Yellow River is the second longest river in our country. 黄河是我国第二长的河流。（3）one of the + 形容词最高级+pl 表示“最之一” 例：Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 特殊用法:most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常, 十分。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 I cannot do it, its most difficult. most同a连用表示“very”之意。 She is a most beautiful girl.她是位非常漂亮的姑娘。 the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。 几点说明：1.双音节形容词的比较级和最高级虽然通常采用两种形式，但以-y和-ow结尾的双音节形容词多半采用综合形式（-er/-est）如：happy happier happiest prettyprettierprettiest narrownarrowernarrowest shallowshallowershallowest2.以-ly结尾的副词以及某些频度副词多半采用分析形式（more/most），early例外。如：ofen-more ofen-most ofen clearly-more clearly-most clearly wisely-more wisely-most wisely 3. 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly， lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 （错） He spoke to me very friendly.（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.4. 使用比较级和最高级的几个要点 比较应在同类事物间进行 （比较的结构要对称）误：Myhairislongerthanyou. 正：Myhairislongerthanyours.误：the flowers in this garden are more beautiful than that garden.正：The flowers in this garden are more beautiful than those in that garden. 为了避免重复累赘，比较状语从句中常有某些成分被省略，但作为“比较的对象”的成分不能省掉，否则会造成不合逻辑的比较。误句中you和myhair不属同类的东西比较，故要成yours(=yourhair),这样便属同类比较了。 避免双重比较 误：Hishandwritingismorebetterthanmine. 正：Hishandwritingisbetterthanmine. 在比较级前加上more属重复比较，是错误的。 比较级和最高级前的修饰语不可误用 误：Youcanjumpveryhigheronthemoonthanontheearth. 正：Youcanjumpmuch/farhigheronthemoonthanontheearth. very不可与比较级或最高级连用，比较级前用much,far,even,alot,alittle 等。最高级后的介词in与of 误：XuYangsingsthebestofherclass. 正：XuYangsingsthebestinherclass. 表示比较的范围的介词短语“in.”与“of.”在用法上是有区别的： in表示“在内(指某范围内)”， of表示“属性(指在同类人、物中)”形容词最高级前要用the 误：ThisTVplayisbestIhaveeverseen. 正：ThisTVplayisthebestIhaveeverseen. 形容词前必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可以用也可以不用the。 比较级前加the 误：Lucyisnicerofthetwo. 正：Lucyisthenicerofthetwo. 形容词的比较是对两种性质相同的人或事物的比较：如“A比B漂亮”，英语有两种译法：一是把A、B都出来：AisnicerthanB;另一种是只说出其中一个人：Aisthenicerofthetwo.因此在“主语+谓语+the+比较级+ofthetwo+复数名词”的句型中，比较级前的the不能省去。 比较要符合逻辑 误：ZhangFengisshorterthananyboyinhisclass. 正：ZhangFengisshorterthananyotherboyinhisclass. 正：ZhangFengistheshortestofalltheboysinhisclass. 当比较的人或物超过两个时，我们使用“anyother”或“the+最高级+of”的结构。误句中anyboy(任何一个男孩)包括了ZhangFeng,而ZhangFeng不能比他本身还要矮。 主格和宾格问题 比较级than后应用人称代词的主格，但在非正式语体中常常用宾格，如： Iamolderthanshe. Iamolderthanher.(多用于口语中) 但有时意义有所不同。如： Iliketheboybetterthanher.(我喜欢那个男孩胜于喜欢她) Iliketheboybetterthanshe.(我比她更喜欢那个男孩) 同一个表示比较的句子，可以有不同的表达。 如：他是班上个子最高的。 Heisthetallestinhisclass. Heisthetalleststudentinhisclass. Heisthetallestofthestudentsinhisclass. Heistallerthanhisclassmates. Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass. Heistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass. Heistallerthananyoftheothersinhisclass. Heistallerthanalloftheothersinhisclass. Heistallerthanalltheothersinhisclass. Heistallerthananybodyelseinhisclass. Nobodyelseintheclassisastallashe. Nooneistallerthanhiminhisclass. Nobodyelseisastallasheinhisclass.形容词、副词比较等级专项练习I（一） 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式： long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _ heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _ brightly_ _ badly _ _ far_ _ quickly _ _ happy_ _ (二)用所给词的正确形式填空： 1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever). 2. Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁). 3. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I. 4. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child. 5. The _ (cheap) bags are not usually the best ones. 6. The short one is by far _ expensive of the five. 7. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother. 8. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings_(well) in her class. 9. This dress is _ that.(twice, asas, expensive)（三）英语语法之形容词比较级和最高级练习题1. This box is_ that one.A. heavy than B. so heavy thanC. heavier as D. as heavy as2.When we speak to people, we should be .A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possiblyC. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly3. This book is_ that one, but_ than that one.A. as difficult as; expensiveB. as more difficult as; more expensiveC. as difficult as; more expensiveD. more difficult as; as expensive4.I think the story is not so _ as that one.A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting5.I think science is _ than Japanese.A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important6.This pencil is_ than that one.A.longest B. long C. longer D. as long7.My mother is no _ young.A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few8.These children are _ this year than they were last year.A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller9.It was very hot yesterday, but it is_ today.A. even hotter B. more hotte C. much more hot D. much hot10.Mrs Black has got_ instead of getting any better.A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse11. When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with_ students.A. quite a few B. only a few C. few D. a few quite12. The house is small for a family of six.A. much too B. too much C. very much D.so13. Through the window we can see nothing but _ buildings.A. tall very many B. very many tall C. very tall many D. many very tall14 -Whats your brother like?-He is_.A. a driver B. very tall C. my friend D. at school15. The jacket was so_ that he decided to buy it. ,A. much B. little C. expensive D. cheap16. Our classroom is_ larger than theirs.A. more B. quite C. very D. much17. The earth is about_ as the moon.A. as fifty time big B. fifty times as big C. as big fifty times D. fifty as times big18.Your room is mine.A. twice as large than B. twice the size of C. bigger twice than D. as twice large as19.Your room is _ than mine.A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times20.His father is_than his mother. ;A. older four years B. as four years older C. four years older D. bigger four years21. Maths is more popular than_.A. any other subject B. all the subjects C. any subject D. other subject22. China is larger than _ in Africa .A. any other country B. other countries C. the other country D. any country23. Tom is stronger than _ in his class.A. any other boy B. any boys C. any boy D. other boy24.When spring comes, it gets_.A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter25.By and by, _ students in our class came to like English. A. more and more B. much and much C. many and many D. less and least26.At last he began to cry _.A. hard and hard B. more hard and more hard C. harder and harder D. less hard and less harder（四)翻译句子： 1 本书跟那本书一样有趣。This book is _ _ _ that one. 2 你游泳没有你弟弟好。You cant swim _ _ _ your brother. 3 今天比昨天冷的多。It is _ _ today_ it was yesterday. 4 他比我大两岁。He is _ _ _ than I. 5 她的身体状况一天天好起来。He is getting _ _ _ every day. 6. 他吃的越多，人越胖。The more he eats, the _ he gets.形容词、副词比较等级专项练习II一、单项选择( )1Thisgirlishappy,butthatgirlis. A.happy B.morehappyC.happierD.thehappier( )2Myparentsarethanmyuncles. A.morebusyB.busyerC.busyD.busier( )3Trytomakeasmistakesaspossible. A.fewB.fewerC.fewestD.thefewest( )4WhodidinEnglishexamthisweek?LiDandid,ofallthestudents.A.wellB.betterC.thebestD.good( )5Room618isinthebuilding. A.biggerthananyoneB.biggerthananyotherone C.biggestthananyother D.biggestthananyotherone( )6Myfatherisolderthanmymother. A.littleB.lessC.leastD.alittle ( )7Atreeisthanaflower. A.youngB.tallestC.tallerD.shorter( )8Anelephantisthanacat. A.bigB.thebiggerC.biggestD.muchbigger( )9Ofallthestorieshere,Ithinkthisoneistheinteresting.Its not interesting at all. A.leastB.mostC.bestD.worst( )10Theteainthiscupishotterthan. A.inthatcupB.thatinthatcup C.thoseinthatcupD.thatcup( )11Thecowdoesntrunthehorse. A.as fastasB.sofaster thanC.fasterD.sofasteras( )12theyplayed,theyfelt. A.Themore,excitedB.Themore,theexcited C.More,moreexcited D.Themore,themoreexcited( )13Mysister,isthreeyearsthanI Sheisofus. A.elder,older,tall B.elder,older,thetallest C.older,elder,tallerD.older,elder,tallest( )14WhospeaksEnglish,Jane,WeiHuaorMay? A.bestB.betterC.wellD.good二、句型转换 15Thesilkblouseisthemostexpensiveintheshop.(同义句) Thesilkblouseis than intheshop. 16. SueisclevererthanLinda.(同义句) Sueis thetwo. 17Thatpencilischeaperthanthispen.(同义句) Thatpencil thispen. 18PeterandMaryareeightyearsold.Billiselevenyearsold.(连成句)_.19Lucyhasthreeapples.Johnhasfourapples.Suehassixapples.(变成问句) Who ,Lucy,JohnorSue? 三、下列每个句子中都有一处错误，请圈出错误并在横线上订正。 20.Whatsthebestsportof summer? 21.Yourmotherlooksvery youngerthanmymother. 22.Theli