英语四级常用动词词组.doc

英语四级常用动词词组 注：以下词组后的五角星代表该词在以往四级考试中出现的频率高低，三星为最高。1abandon oneself to 沉湎于；纵情于【例】 Dont abandon yourself to pleasures. 不可一味享乐。accord with 相符合；相一致；相和谐【例】 Our information doesnt accord with his report. 我们所了解的情况和他的报告不相符。account for 是的原因 （在数量、比例方面）占【例】 He couldnt account for the missing funds. 他无法对丢失的资金作出解释。 Senior citizens in this state account for more than 25 percent of the population. 该州的老年人占总人口的25% 以上。accuse of 指责；控告 【例】 He was accused of murder. 他被指控犯有谋杀罪。acquaint .with 使认识；使了解；使熟悉【例】 She acquainted them with the facts. 她让他们了解了事实真相。 You must acquaint yourself with your new duties. 你必须熟悉自己的新职责。act on/upon 遵照行动，奉行 作用于，影响【例】 He gave me good advice, but I didnt act on it. 他给了我很好的建议，但我却没照着做。 Alcohol acts on the brain. 酒精影响大脑。adapt to 适应 使适应【例】 Our eyes slowly adapted to the darkness. 我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了四周的黑暗。 She had to adapt herself to the life in Paris. 她必须适应巴黎的生活。add to 增添【例】 The balloons added to the festival atmosphere. 这些气球增添了节日的气氛。 add up 把加起来 说得通，合乎情理【例】 Add up these figures for me, please. 请帮我把这些数字加起来。 His story didnt add up. 他的叙述不合情理。add up to 合计达 意味着【例】 These figures add up to 245. 这些数字的总和是245。 Your answer adds up to a refusal. 你的回答意味着拒绝。adhere to 黏附，附着 坚持（意见、信仰等）【例】 The mud adhered to his feet. 泥巴黏在他的脚上。 He resolutely adhered to what he had said at the meeting. 他坚持自己在会上所说过的那番话。adjust to 适应 使适应【例】 Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness. 宇航员在飞行中必须适应失重状态。 We adjusted our watches to local time. 我们按当地时间校准了手表。agree on/upon 对取得一致意见【例】 They agree on the terms of the contract. 他们就合同条款取得了一致意见。 aim at 瞄准，对准 以为目的【例】I aimed at the door but hit the window. 我瞄准的是门，却击中了窗户。 She was aiming at a promotion. 她当时一心想得到晋升。allow for 考虑到，顾及，为留出余地【例】Allowing for the bad weather, we should set off soon. 考虑到天气不好，我们应该及早动身。amount to 总计，共达 意味着【例】 The cost amounted to 240. 费用共计240 美元。 What you say amounts to a direct accusation. 你的话等于直接指责。answer for 对负责【例】 You will have to answer for your violent behavior in court. 你必须为自己在法庭上的粗暴行为承担责任。 appeal to 诉诸；求助于【例】 He appealed to reason to win his argument. 他靠理性在辩论中获胜。apply to 向提出申请（或要求） 适用于，与有关【例】 We have applied to the government for a home improvement grant. 我们已经向政府申请改善住房的拨款。 The question in the second half of the form applies only to married men. 表格中下半部的问题仅适用于已婚男士回答。approve of 赞成；认可；喜欢【例】 My father did not approve of my marriage to Mary. 我父亲不赞成我和玛丽结婚。arise from 由引起；起源于【例】 The countrys present difficulties arise from the reduced value of its money. 该国目前的困难是由其货币贬值引起的。arrive at 达成（协议）；得出（结论）；达到（价格、年纪）【例】 After many hours talk, the committee arrived at a decision. 委员会讨论了数小时之后作出了一项决议。ask after 问候 要求；需要【例】 He always asks after you in his letter. 他每次来信都问候你。 The miners are asking for another increase in pay. 矿工们要求再次加薪。 This matter asks for immediate attention. 这件事需要立刻处理。associate with 结交，与交往【例】 I dont like you associating with such people. 我不喜欢你和这样的人交往。assure of 使对确信不疑 保证（某人）得到【例】 He assured us of his ability to solve the problem. 他向我们保证他有能力解决这个问题。 He assured his clients of a pleasant holiday. 他向顾客们保证，他们一定能度过一个愉快的假期。attend to 注意，留意；倾听 致力于；处理 照料，照顾【例】 I wish that I had attended to his advice. 我当初要是听他的忠告就好了。 He has a great deal to attend to today. 他今天有许多事要处理。 Youd better attend to the children firstthey need their breakfast. 你最好先去照料孩子他们要吃早饭。attribute to 把归因于【例】 She attributes her great age to a carefully planned diet. 她认为自己的高寿是饮食得当的结果。back up （使）后退 支持【例】 Will you please back your car up? 请把你的车往后退好吗？ The police wouldnt have believed me if you hadnt backed me up. 如果你当时不支持我，警察是不会相信我的。 bargain for 为讨价还价 通常用于否定句 预料；指望【例】 They spent hours bargaining for the valuable painting. 他们为这幅珍贵的油画讨价还价了好几个小时。 I hadnt bargained for such heavy rain, and got wet without a raincoat. 我没料到会下这么大的雨，结果因为没带雨衣，被淋湿了。base on/upon 把建立在的基础（或根据）之上【例】 Direct taxation is usually based on income. 直接税通常是以收入为依据的。be about to 刚要；马上【例】 We were just about to leave when you called. 我们正要走的时候，你来电话了。be bound up in 专心致志于，忙于【例】 Im sorry I couldnt meet you. I was bound up in committee meetings. 很抱歉我没能见你，我那时正忙于委员会的会议。be bound up with 与有密切关系【例】 Economic progress is closely bound up with educational development. 经济的进步和教育的发展息息相关。be composed of 由组成【例】 Water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen. 水是由氧和氢组成的。be made up of 由组成【例】 The new company is made up of several smaller organizations. 这个新公司是由几个较小的机构组成的。be to blame 该受责备；应承担责任【例】 She is in no way to blame. 她决不应该受到谴责。bear in mind 记住，把记在心里 （=keep in mind）【例】 Ill bear your advice in mind. 我会记住你的忠告的。bear with 忍受，容忍【例】 I could not bear with his hot temper. 我忍受不了他的急脾气。beat about the bush 转弯抹角地说，旁敲侧击 【例】 Say what you have to say and dont beat about the bush. 有什么就说吧，别拐弯抹角了。become of 主语为what 或whatever 结果（如何）；遭遇（如何）【例】 What became of the people who lived next door? 以前住在隔壁的人怎么样了？believe in 信仰；相信【例】 I believe in his good character. 我相信他品德良好。belong to 为所拥有 属于，是的成员【例】 The blue coat belongs to Mary. 那件蓝外套是玛丽的。 He has never belonged to a trade union. 他从没加入过工会。blame.on/upon 把归咎于【例】 You cant blame the rise in prices on the government. 你不能把物价上涨归咎于政府。block off 阻挡；隔开；封锁【例】 The police blocked off the street where the gunman was hiding. 警察封锁了持枪者藏身的街道。blow up 爆炸 （使）充气 大发脾气，大怒【例】 A chemical factory blew up in that state. 那个州的一家化工厂发生了爆炸。 Help me to blow up the tires, will you? 帮我把车胎打足气，好吗？ She had never thought hed blow up so violently. 她从没想到他会发这么大的脾气。boast about 吹嘘，夸耀 【例】 She is always boasting about how clever her son is. 她总是吹嘘自己的儿子多么聪明。book in （替）签到 （为）预订（房间）【例】 He booked in immediately on arrival at the office. 他一到办公室就签到了。 I have booked you in at a hotel close to my house. 我已经在我家附近的一家旅馆给你预订了房间。break away 突然离开；逃脱 脱离；脱落【例】 Several prisoners broke away last night. 昨晚好几个囚犯逃跑了。 A lot of members of the Labor Party have broken away. 许多工党成员退党。break away from 摆脱；从退出；放弃 【例】 Cant you break away from old habits? 难道你就不能改掉旧习惯吗？break down 坏掉；失灵 （健康等）垮掉，崩溃【例】 The lift broke down, so we had to walk up the stairs. 电梯坏了，我们只好走上楼去。 His health broke down under severe strain. 他的身体在极度紧张状态下垮掉了。break in 破门而入 打断谈话，插嘴【例】 I came home to discover that thieves had broken in and stolen everything. 我回家后发现，小偷曾破门而入，把家里的东西全偷走了。 Listen attentively; dont break in so often. 注意听，别老插嘴。break into 闯入，强行进入【例】 We had to break into the house as we had lost the key. 由于丢了钥匙，我们只好破门而入。break off 中断，突然停止【例】 He broke off his work to answer the telephone. 他停下手头的工作去接电话。break ones heart 使某人伤心【例】 Her husbands death broke her heart. 丈夫的去世使她悲痛欲绝。break the ice 打破僵局；打破冷场【例】 The President broke the ice by asking me how I liked New York. 总统打破了沉默的局面，问我觉得纽约怎么样。break through 突围 冲破 作出重要发现（或创见）【例】 The soldiers have managed to break through. 战士们艰难地突出重围。 The crowd broke through the lines of police. 人群冲破了警察的警戒线。 They have broken through in various fields of research. 他们在各个研究领域都有所突破。break up 打碎；拆散 破裂；分裂；分解 （使）分散 （使）结束【例】 The frost will break up the soil. 霜冻会使土壤开裂。 The marriage later broke up. 这桩婚姻后来破裂了。 They tried to break up the meeting. 他们企图驱散集会的人。 They decided to break up the partnership. 他们决定终止合作关系。bring home to 使清楚，使明白【例】 A teacher should bring home to children the value and pleasure of reading. 教师应该使儿童认识到阅读的价值和乐趣。bring about 导致；带来；引起 【例】 He brought about a quarrel between his parents. 父母因为他而吵了一架。 bring around 说服 使恢复知觉（或健康）【例】 He wasnt keen on the plan, but we managed to bring him around. 他本来不喜欢这个计划，但是我们设法说服了他。 I am sure the doctors new medicine will soon bring him around. 我确信，医生开的新药会使他很快康复。bring down 使落下（或倒下） 降低，减少【例】 The storm brought down almost all trees. 这场暴风雨几乎把所有的树都刮倒了。 Measures are taken to bring down the temperature in the workshop. 车间里采取了降温措施。bring forth 产生；引起 提出【例】 These efforts will surely bring forth good fruit. 这些努力必将产生良好的结果。 He brought forth a new plan at the meeting. 他在会上提出了一项新计划。bring forward 把提前 提出；提供【例】 They have brought forward the date of their wedding by one week. 他们把婚礼的日期提前了一个星期。 I can bring forward more cases to illustrate my argument. 我可以举出更多的实例来说明我的论点。bring up 养育；教养 提出【例】 She brought up five children. 她养育了五个孩子。 Dont bring up that embarrassing topic. 别提出那个令人尴尬的话题。build in 使成为固定物；使成为组成部分【例】 The cupboard in the kitchen was built in the walls. 厨房里的碗橱是嵌在墙上的。build into 使固定于；使成为的一部分；【例】 A completion date was built into the contract. 完工日期写入了合同。build on/upon 把建立于的基础上【例】 Insurance business is built on trust. 保险业是建立在信任的基础之上的。build up 逐步建立 增加；增强；增进 聚集；积累；集结【例】 They have built up a good reputation. 他们逐步建立起了良好的声誉。 You must build up your strength after your illness. 病愈后你必须增强体力。 Clouds are building up over the sea. 云在海面上聚集。bump into 偶然遇见，碰见【例】 He hopes to bump into some of his old classmates at the party. 他希望能在聚会上碰见几个老同学。burn out 烧尽，烧完 熄灭；（热情、怒气等）消失【例】 The candle burnt out. 蜡烛烧尽了。 Dont let the fire burn out. 别让火熄灭了。burst into 闯入，冲进 突然起来；爆发出【例】 Bill burst into the conference room. 比尔闯进了会议室。 She burst into song. 她突然唱起歌来。burst out 大声叫喊 突然起来【例】 “Dont go out!” he burst out. “别出去！”他喊道。 He burst out crying like a child. 他突然孩子似的哭了起来。call for 喊着要（某人）来 要求；需要【例】 The baby is calling for his mother. 宝宝正喊着要妈妈。 Such delicate negotiations call for great patience. 这样微妙的谈判需要极大的耐心。call in 请来；召来 叫进来（或进去）【例】 As the childs condition grew worse, the parents called in a doctor. 由于孩子的病情恶化，父母请来了医生。 Please call another student in. 请叫另一个学生进来。call it a day 收工，今天到此为止【例】 Its getting pretty late lets call it a day. 天很晚了，今天就干到这儿吧。call off 取消【例】 He phoned me and called the appointment off. 他打电话给我，取消了约会。call on/upon 访问，拜访 要求；请求；号召【例】 I hope to call on you at your office this afternoon. 我希望今天下午到您的办公室拜访您。 I now call upon the chairman to address the meeting. 现在请主席为会议致词。call up 打电话（给） 召集；征召入伍 使人想起【例】 Ill call you up from the airport as soon as I land. 我一下飞机就从机场给你打电话。 The commander called up all the forces for the attack. 指挥员集中了全部兵力来进攻。 The smell of those flowers calls up my childhood. 那些花儿的气味让我想起了童年。cannot (help) but 不得不 后面跟不带to 的不定式 不由得，不禁要【例】 He cannot but admit that he was wrong. 他只好承认自己错了。 I could not but weep at the sad news. 听到这则不幸的消息，我禁不住哭了。cannot help 后面跟动名词 不禁要，忍不住要【例】 I couldnt help laughing when I saw his haircut. 看到他的发型，我忍不住笑了。care for 照顾，照料 喜欢；喜好；爱【例】 He is caring for his elderly parents. 他照顾着年迈的父母。 He cares for her deeply. 他深深地爱着她。carry forward 推进；发展；发扬【例】 After the death of the stores founder, his sons carried forward the business. 这家商店的创建人去世以后，他的儿子们继续经营。carry off 拿走；夺走；偷走【例】 Thieves carried off the farmers sheep during the night. 小偷夜里把农民的羊偷走了。carry on 继续，进行下去【例】 We can carry on our discussion after lunch. 我们可以午饭后继续讨论。carry out 实行；执行；进行 完成；实现【例】 We expect him to carry out his promise. 我们期待着他履行诺言。 Once the work is started, it must be resolutely carried out. 工作一旦开始，就必须坚决完成。carry weight 有分量；有影响【例】 Any recommendation of this professor carries (great) weight. 这位教授的任何推荐都( 很) 有分量。cast off 抛弃，丢弃【例】Some people cast off clothing long before it is worn out. 有些人衣服还没有穿破就扔了。catch at 试图抓住；拼命抓住【例】 He caught at the ball but missed it. 他想去接球，但没接住。catch hold of 抓住；得到【例】 He caught hold of a log and was saved from drowning. 他抓住了一根木头，因而没有淹死。catch on 流行起来 懂得，理解【例】 I dont think this strange new fashion will catch on. 我看这种奇特的新样式不会流行起来。 It took me a while to catch on. 我过了一会儿才明白过来。catch sight of 发现；突然看见【例】 We caught sight of the boat as it emerged from the thick fog. 船从浓雾中出现时，我们看见了它。catch up with 赶上【例】 When will this country catch up with Japan in industrial production? 在工业生产上，这个国家什么时候能赶上日本？centre around 以为中心；集中于【例】The discussion centred around reducing waste. 讨论集中在减少浪费的问题上。check out 结账后离开（旅馆）【例】 Bob checked out an hour ago. 鲍勃一小时前结账离开旅馆了。check up 检查（身体）；核实【例】 I asked the doctor to check me up. 我请医生检查一下我的身体。check up on 检查；调查；核实【例】 Lets check up on our stocks of fuel. 咱们检查一下贮存的燃料吧。cheer up 高兴起来；振作起来【例】 Shell cheer up when she sees her son. 她看到儿子后会高兴起来的。clean up （把）收拾干净【例】 She cleaned up before we arrived. 我们到达之前她就收拾干净了。clear away 拿走；移开；清除【例】 Please clear your papers away so that I can serve dinner. 请把你的报纸拿走，我好把饭菜端上来。close down 停业，停产【例】 When the supermarket opened, many small shops had to close down. 这家超市开业后，许多小店只好关门。close in 逼近，迫近；包围过来【例】 Darkness was gradually closing in. 夜幕渐渐降临了。collide with 与相撞【例】 As the bus turned the corner, it collided with a van. 公共汽车在拐角处转弯时和一辆货车相撞。come about 发生，产生【例】 How did this accident come about? 这个事故是怎么发生的？ come across 偶然遇见，碰上【例】 She came across some old letters in the course of her search. 她在找东西时发现了一些旧信件。come at 攻击；冲向 获知；发现；了解到【例】 That man came at me with a big stick. 那名男子拿了根大木棍向我冲来。 I t w a s a l o n g t i m e b e f o r e w e c a m e a t t h e t r u t h . 过了好长时间我们才了解到事实真相。come between 使分开；离间 妨碍；打扰【例】 We shouldnt let a little thing like this come between us. 我们不应该让这样的小事使我们之间产生隔阂。 He wont let anything come between him and his daily work. 他不让任何事情妨碍他的日常工作。come into effect 实施；开始生效【例】 New laws to control rising prices have come into effect. 控制物价上涨的新法律已经开始生效。come out 出现，显露出来 被披露；被获知 结果是【例】 The stars came out as soon as it was dark. 天一黑，星星就出来了。 At last the truth has come out. 真相终于大白了。 How did the story come out? 故事的结局如何?come to 苏醒，恢复知觉 总数为，共计 涉及；谈到【例】 He fell unconscious and didnt come to until he reached the hospital. 他失去了知觉，到了医院才苏醒过来。 The bill came to 130. 账单共计130 美元。 When it comes to politics, I am completely at sea. 说到政治，我是一窍不通。come true （预言、期望等）实现，成为事实；应验【例】 His hope of living to 100 did not come true. 他想活到100 岁的愿望没有实现。come up 出现，发生【例】Ive been looking for a new job, but nothing suitable has come up yet. 我一直在找一份新工作，但还没找到合适的。come up to （在质量等方面）比得上；达到（标准等）【例】 Your recent work hasnt come up to your earlier standards. 你最近的工作没有达到以前的标准。compare to 把比作【例】 Poets have compared death to sleep. 诗人把死亡比作睡眠。compare with 把和相比 比得上【例】 I f w e c o m p a r e F r e n c h s c h o o l s w i t h B r i t i s h s c h o o l s , w e f i n d t h e r e a r e m a n y differences. 如果把法国的学校和英国的学校相比较，我们会发现许多不同之处。 Social life in a village cannot compare with that of a large city. 乡村的社交生活比不上大城市。compensate for 赔偿；弥补【例】 Nothing can compensate for the loss of ones health. 失去的健康无可弥补。concentrate on 集中精力于 将集中于【例】 I cant concentrate on my work when I am hungry. 我饿了就无法集中精力工作。 We must concentrate our efforts on improving our quality of service. 我们必须致力于改善服务质量。consist of 由组成（或构成）【例】 The committee consists of twelve members. 该委员会由12 个成员组成。contrast with （通过比较表明）与有差异；与形成对照【例】 Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises. 她的行动和她的诺言有天壤之别。contribute to 有助于；促成；导致【例】 Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health. 新鲜空气和运动有助于身体健康。cope with 有效地应付；妥善处理【例】 There was too much work for our computer to cope with. 需要我们的计算机处理的东西太多了。correspond to 相当于；与相似【例】 The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament. 美国的国会相当于英国的议会。count for 有价值；有重要性【例】 Such men do not count for anything. 这样的人没有什么用处。count on/upon 依靠，指望【例】 We can always count on him (for help/to help us) in any emergency. 在任何紧急情况下我们总是能够指望他的帮助。cover up 把盖起来 隐藏；掩盖；掩饰【例】 Cover up the soup so that the flies dont get at it. 把汤盖起来，免得让苍蝇碰到。 She tried to cover up her nervousness as she waited to make her speech. 在等候讲话时，她竭力掩饰自己的紧张情绪。cut back 减少，缩减【例】 They were forced to cut back the education budget. 他们被迫削减教育预算。cut down 削减；减少【例】 The doctor told him to cut down his consumption of fat. 医生建议他减少脂肪的摄入量。 cut in 插嘴，打断【例】 She always cuts in when other people are talking. 别人谈话时她老插嘴。cut off 切断；阻断；打断 使分离；使隔绝【例】 The fence cuts off our views of the sea. 篱笆挡住了我们观看大海的视线。 Why did he cut himself off from society like that? 他为什么那样与世隔绝？date back to 追溯到（=date from）【例】 My interest in stamp collecting dates back to my schooldays. 我从学生时代开始就爱好集邮。deal in 经营，做生意【例】 Do you still deal in paint and wallpaper? 你还在经营油漆和墙纸生意吗？deal with 处理；对付【例】 Im used to dealing with matters of this sort. 我习惯于处理这类事情。deceive into 欺骗（去做某事）【例】 They deceived us into buying a house that would be pulled down soon. 他们骗我们买了一座很快就要拆的房子。 depart from 背离；违反【例】 We cannot depart from our regular practice in such cases. 在这种情况下，我们不能背离我们的常规做法。depend on/upon 依靠，依赖；取决于【例】 Health depends on good food, fresh air and enough sleep. 健康靠的是有营养的食物、新鲜的空气和充足的睡眠。derive from 从中得到【例】