提高英语写作能力捷1.doc

提高英语写作能力捷径一、 掌握一些常用的有规律的段落写作方法1 表因果关系的段落 ( Cause and Effect )What is the secret of this ability to survive to such an old age and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all these long-lived people. They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. Another reason that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great extent they are free from the pressure and worries of industrial society. Besides, these long-lived people are mostly vegetarians. 2. 表列举的段落 ( Listing ) There are several things you can do to look after your teeth. In the first place, try to visit a dentist regularly to stop any decay before it is too serious. Then, use your teeth: chew food to keep your teeth healthy. Finally, clean your teeth and wash out your mouth after each meal. In this way you may keep most of your teeth throughout your life. 3. 表争议的段落 ( Argumentation ) People have different opinions on smoking. Some people enjoy smoking. They claim that smoking can refresh themselves when they feel tried or nervous. They consider cigarettes as an indispensable medium in social contact. There are, however, some voices against smoking. They insist that smoking is a bad habit which brings harm to smokers. In addition, smoking will pollute the atmosphere and impair the non-smokers health. 4. 表对比的段落 ( Comparison and Contrast ) My friends Li Hua and Wang Ming are similar in many ways. Both of them are freshmen majoring in architecture. They both like nature, and are fond of walking, gardening and swimming. Li Hua is very much interested in music. Similarly, Wang Ming never gets tired of going to concerts. Like Li Hua, Wang Ming studies hard and wants to be a good architect in the future.二 尽可能多掌握英语的固定句型 英语论说文写作常用句型1 文章开头句型 A 对立法：引出对要讨论的问题的不同的看法， 然后提出自己不同看法，多用于有争议性的主题。 1） When it comes to , some people think 2） Now it is widely believed that They claim that But I wonder whether 3） Now a lot of people feel that But although , it is doubted that4） These days we often hear about They argue that But is it? Close examination doesnt bear out the argument. B. 现象法: 引出某种社会现象、 倾向或社会问题, 然后剖析, 评论。5） Recently the problem has been brought into focus.6） Now most dangerous for our society is the tendency of which is obvious in 7） With the rapid development of , more and more 8） In recent years there is a sudden increase of 9） One of the burning problems facing our society today is C. 观点法: 开门见山, 直截了当提出对要讨论的问题的观点。10） Perhaps we should have a fresh look at the idea that 11） Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize the 12） In recent years there has been an increasing awareness of the necessity to D. 引用法: 通过引用名人名言, 箴言谚语, 或有代表性的看法、 见解引出要讨论的观点。13） “Knowledge is power”. Such is the remark by one of the great men. This remark has been confirmed time and again by more and more people.14） “”. How often we hear such like.15） “”. Thats how one college student described Many people have shared the experience like this. E. 比较法: 通过对过去与现在两种不同倾向、态度和观点的比较,引出要讨论的问题。16） People used to think that But now things are quite different.17） Several years ago, people Today Why has such change taken place?18） After a good many years of efforts to , people began to F. 故事法: 开头讲一个故事以引起读者兴趣, 且可引出文章要讨论的主题.19） Once in a newspaper, I learnt The problem of has aroused general attention.20） Once upon a time, there was a man The story may be unbelievable, but it still has a realistic significance today. H. 问题法: 在有争议性主题的文章中, 用一个要讨论或解答的问题设问, 可以激起读者兴趣.21） Should ? Opinions vary widely. Some think that Others believe that 22） What do you think of ? In reply to these questions, we must 23） Why ? Many people often pose the question like this.2. 文章结尾句型 A. 结论性: 通过文章前面的讨论分析, 引出文章的中心思想和论点.24） From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably draw the conclusion that 25） In summary / conclusion, we should / it is more important that B. 后果性: 用于表达如果所讨论的问题不能解决, 或不采取某种行动的话, 将会产生什么样的后果.26） Obviously, if we ignore the problem, it is likely that / there is every chance that 27） We need to take a second look at , otherwise, C 号召性：用于呼吁采取行动，或对某一种问题提请注意。28） It is necessary / essential / important that steps / effective measures should be taken to 29） There is no doubt that adequate attention must be paid to the problem of D建议性： 用于结尾处对文章所讨论的问题提出建议性意见。30） In short / In any case, we should 31） What we need is 32） It is high time that Here are a few examples of some of the measures that might be taken immediately.33） While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most common is / Another way is Still another one is E 方向性：类似建议性句型用于结尾处对问题的解决提出一个总的，大体的努力方向或指明前景。34） No easy / effective method / solution is at hand to solve the problem of But might be the first step on the right way. 35） It is clear that the task demands great efforts / consideration.36） We have done But we will achieve more if we continue to 37） To be true, there may be difficulties we cannot overcome, but if we 38） The great challenge today is There is much to do, but 39） We may have a long way to go before we reach the final goal. But once we are on the way, the chance to reach it is greater. F意义性： 用于文章结尾时，从更高、更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性及深远意义。40） After all it has a significant influence, for it represents a radical departure from the traditional attitude of 41） Anyway, whether it is good or not, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly G引言性： 引用名人名言或富有哲理的话来结束全文。42） “” doesnt mean that What it does mean is that H提问性： 提问性句型用于文章结尾， 能令人回味，发人深省。43） If we consider , is it ?44） Why cant we question that ?45） Can anyone really doubt that ?3原因结果句型A 基本原因： 用于分析和解释某一事物，某一现象的基本的多方面 的原因。 46) There are many reasons for in First Second , Finally 47) Why ? One reason is Another reason is Perhaps the primary reason is 48) The answer to this problem involves many factors. For one thing, For another, Still another 49) The reasons for are varied. This include Perhaps the main reason is 50) not because , but because 51) , partly because , partly because 52) A number of factors, both individual and social, affect B. 另一原因： 用于分析了基本原因后，补充次要的，或更重要的原因。 53) One of the common reasons for is that 54) This is due to several factors. An important factor is 55) Also playing a part is 56) is also responsible for the problem.C. 后果影响： 用于分析某一事物可能造成的后果或影响。 57) There are a number of effects on Perhaps the most serious consequence is 58) It leaves some serious consequences of 59) It may give rise to a set of problems.4. 比较对照型A 两者比较： 用于对两个事物进行比较。60) Although A enjoys a great advantage of , it cant be compared with B in 61) A means nothing when B is taken into consideration.62) Certainly, A plays a more important role as compared with B.63) A may be better than B, but it brings its own problems. For one thing, For another, 64) Obviously, it has both negative effects and positive effects.65) Like anything else, it has also its faults / problems. B. 两者相同：表示两个比较的事物都有共同特点， 或都没有共同特点。 66) Just as A , so B 67) The same (thing) happens to / is true of B. 68) A and B have / share several things in common.C. 两者不同： 用于对两个事物，分析它们各自不同、甚至截然相反的特点。 69) While on the one hand , on the other hand 70) A , whereas / on the contrary B 71) A and B differ / are different in several ways. Unlike B, A 72) In the past, But now has changed.5. 批评驳斥句型 A. 直接驳斥： 引用要驳斥的观点， 或不同的意见， 然后直接驳斥。 73) Although everyone believes that I wonder whether 74) Although the popular belief is that , a recent study indicates that 75) People tend to think There is no more reason to think that than there is to think that 76) It is true that , but one essential fact is being left out of our consideration. 77) It is true that , but this is not to say / it doesnt follow that 78) Some people propose that But what these people fail to understand is that 79) At first thought, it may seem a sound idea, but on second thought, I find 80) We have been brought up to believe that Yet 81) Some people claim that But more often than not, the opposite is usually the case. 82) Some people argue that Perhaps it is just the opposite.B 批评分析： 用于分析某一观点， 指出其错误、并予以批评。 83) It makes no sense to be in favor of , but opposed to 84) To claim that is far from being proved. 85) Too much emphasis placed on one side of the problem may overlook other factors. 86) It would be wrong to think There is no such thing as 87) It is important that It is even more important that 88) It would be reasonable to believe that It would be also reasonable to believe that Yet I am not so sure that 89) It is one thing to claim that , it is quite another to prove that6. 推理分析句型A 分析判断：用于分析阐述观点，引出判断及见解。90) There is every chance / likelihood / possibility / that 91) (The) Chances are that 92) Fortunately / Unfortunately it is often likely to be the case that 93) It seems pretty certain that 94) It is urgently necessary to note that 95) What really disturbs us / What disturbs us most is What (really) matters / counts is 96) No / Little wonder (that )97) On the face of it, it sounds ridiculous. Yet it is true.98) There is something to be said for the view.99) To is not to , but rather 100) Traditionally, our society has taken a critical attitude toward 101) Dont let anyone tell you / Dont get the idea that 102) Little / Much is said / known about B. 推理论说： 通过假设、让步等推理来得出结论。 103) If this is the case / true, we many 104) If , it is simply / only because 105) If , why shall we ? 106) If half the efforts were devoted to , we would 107) Having recognized , it follows that 108) would be of little use / importance unless ; unless ; and unless 109) It is almost impossible that Without 110) It doesnt matter whether / It makes no difference that 7 细节支持句型A 举例说明： 引用具体实例以说明观点。111) A good case in point is / can be 112) This offers a typical example of 113) To the already familiar examples, another example may be added.114) As a case in point, we may take 115) But consider, for example, 116) The case is only one example of 117) Let us suppose that you Would you ?118) Just imagine what would be like if B. 事实证明： 用于引出事实和证据。 119) No one can deny the fact that 120) We must face the fact that 121) This brings out an important fact that 122) There is every / little evidence to show that 123) Personal experience teaches me that / Statistics available lead me to conclude that 124) Recent studies indicate / show / prove that 125) We have reliable statistics to show / prove that 126) Unfortunately, none of the available evidence shows any significant correlation between 127) As shown / indicated in the reports, 128) Nothing could be more obvious than the evidence that 129) This has proved / turned out to be the case. 130) Gone are the days when 131) One may not forget the old days when C. 数据引用： 用于引用数据以说明某个观点。 132) According to the recent poll, increased / decreased by percent. 133) According to , increased / rose almost twice / five times, compared with 134) According to official statistics, the number has more than doubled / tripled as against 135) more than 40 percent TV viewers preferred / wanted / chose , compared with 20 percent last year. 136) There were percent of this year, a jump / drop of percentage point since 1990. 137) It accounts for / makes up / constitutes percent of the total. 138) After a steady decline for 3 years, the rate / number / percentage begins rising once again. 8承上启下句型A 承上阐述： 用于承接上一段所提出的观点进行阐述。 139) To understand the point / truth of , it is important to analyze / examine 140) To get a better look at / better understanding of how / what , we must turn first to / make a close study of 141) To illustrate this point, let us consider 142) A study/comparison of , perhaps, will make this point clear.B. 深入阐述: 用于已对某一观点阐述后, 进一步深入论述.143) But thats only part of the explanation. Perhaps the most significant about is144) Another equally important aspect is Equally important / essential is145) Closely connected with / related to this (factor) is146) Besides / In addition to this / Apart from this, other ways/aspects are C. 反面阐述: 用于对已阐述的观点提出相反的观点.147) Despite / In spite of / For all the ,148) On the other hand / On the contrary /By contrast 149) But the opposite is also true. / And the reverse is also the case.150) Rather than / Instead of 英语写作必背200句(1) 句子就是财富,句子就是一切,这些句子是从近百篇英语优秀作文中摘录下来并经反复推敲提炼而成的.对于复习时间短,基础较薄弱的朋友能够在短期内熟悉且背诵这些经典句子无疑是准备英语考试的捷径. -According to a recent survey ,four-million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟相关的疾病.The latest surveys show that Quiet a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感.No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.没有一项发明象互联网同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评.People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实.Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康.Nowadays ,many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately ,for most young people ,it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈.然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历.In view of the seriousness of this problem ,effective measures should be taken before things get worse.考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施.Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响.An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city .However ,this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents ,who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用.然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题,象犯罪和卖淫.Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus ,which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客.There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem :th