高考英语考前知识清理40天第16-20天.docVIP

www.TopS大家网5 / 6考前知识清理40天 16I. 语法复习：反意疑问句 01附加疑问句的主要形式：肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问句 否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问句一、反意疑问句的一般情况1 当陈述部分的主语是：等everyone, everybody, someone, no one, nobody, somebody合成代词时，附加疑问句的主语非正式文体中往往they用。（也可以按语法一致原则用单数。）2 当陈述部分以one定代词做主语时，附加疑问句的主语在正式常合用one，非正式常合you用。3 当陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、从句、this或that，附加疑问句的主语用。（是those,these则用they）4 当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词everything, anything, nothing等，附加疑问句的主语用it。5 陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词，例如：seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing，附加疑问句的动词， 要用肯定形式。6. 如果陈述部分中的否定词仅带有否定的前缀或后缀，那么该陈述句应作肯定句处理，附加疑问句应用否定形式。II. 句型复习：1. do nothing but do sth.could not choose but do sth.There is nothing to do but do sth.Sb. has nothing to do but do sth.desire(care for) nothing but to do sth.have no choice but to do sth.2. He is dead.He has died.He has been dead for three years.3. He left home two weeks ago.It is two weeks since he left home.He has been away from home for two weeks.4. Do you mind if I smoke here ?Do you mind my(me) smoking here ?Would you mind if I smoked here ?5. After she had worked for four hours, she stopped to have a rest.= Having worked for four hours, she stopped to have a rest.We caught sight of a wolf while we ere climbing the mountain.= While climbing the mountain, we caught sight of a wolf.III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (16)refer vi. refer to The speaker often referred to his notes. 查阅 When I said some people were foolish, I wasnt referring to you. 指而言，指的是 This rule refers to everybody here.适用于 He referred to it once or twice.提到，谈到 refer to as把称作（与as连用） We refer to him as fellow. referto 让处理；归功于，归咎于 The doctor referred the patient to a specialist. He refers his success to his hard-working. B. 短语记忆： hunger for 渴望improvement on/in 对.的改进,提高 increase in sth 增加,增长 independence from 独立,自主 influence on 对.的影响invitation to 邀请 investment in sth 投资 loyalty to sb/sth 忠诚 memorial to sb/sth 纪念碑objection to sth 反对pity for sb/sth 可怜,怜悯in favour of .赞成,支持 C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：quarrel vi.question vt.rain v.raise vt.reach v.read v.recall vt.receive vt.recognize vt.recover v.reduce vt.refuse v.regard vt.regret vt.rejoice v.rely vi.考前知识清理40天 17I. 语法复习：反意疑问句 02二、常见句型的反意疑问句7. 当陈述部分是there be 存在句型时，附加疑问句的主语也用there。8. 感叹句的附加疑问句，其谓语要求用否定句。9. 祈使句后面的附加疑问句问题 A) 祈使句是否定形式，附加疑问句只能用will you。 B) 祈使句是肯定形式，附加疑问句用肯定、否定均可。C) Let开头的祈使句要注意：1. Lets 在意义上包含谈话的对方在内，表示提出建议或征求对方意见，其反意疑问句 往往用shall we。2. Let us 在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内，表示请求对方允许做某事的含义，let 有allow的意思。附加疑问部分用will you。3. Let me 开头表示请求，附加疑问句用will you，或用may I。II. 句型复习：6. When summer comes on, the weather is getting hotter and hotter.= Summer going on, the weather is getting hotter and hotter.As there was nothing to do, they sat there talking.=There being nothing to do, they sat there talking.If more time is given, we can do it better.= More time given, we an do it better.As he was poor, he doesnt send his child to school.= Being poor, he doesnt send his child to school.7. She sat in the corner and her tears were streaming down her cheeks.= She sat in the corner, with tears streaming down her cheeks.The daughter sat quite still, and her eyes were fixed on the ground.=The daughter sat quite still, with her eyes fixed on the ground.Having so many essays to write, I doubt if I shall have time to visit you.= With so many essays to write, I doubt if I shall have time to visit you.III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (17)trouble trouble sb. 麻烦, 打扰trouble sb. to do sth. trouble sb. + 时间 sb. (not) trouble to do sth. 费事,烦心be troubled with 受(某种病痛)之苦 fish in troubled water 浑水摸鱼trouble about (doing) sth. 为费事 trouble for sth. 麻烦(某人)递给trouble ones heart about 为烦心n. asking (looking) for trouble 自寻烦恼(be) in trouble 有烦事,有困难get into trouble 遇到麻烦, 出事get sb. into trouble 给人找麻烦;使人陷入困境have trouble (in) doing sth. 有困难, 费事have trouble with sth. (应付时)有困难make trouble 制造麻烦put sb. to trouble 给某人制造麻烦save (spare) trouble 省事,避免麻烦take trouble to do sth. 费事做某事take trouble over sth. (在方面)下功夫troublemaker 捣乱分子troublesome 伤脑筋的, 使人头痛的 B. 短语记忆： protest against sth 抗议 against sth provision for/against 准备 pull at/on sth 拉,拖 reaction to 对.的反应 reason for 原因,理由regard for 对.的注意,尊重 reply to sb/sth 对.的回答request for sth 要求 research on/into 对.的研究,调查 response to 对.的回答,反应 responsibility for 责任,负责search for 对.的搜寻C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：remain vi.remember vt.remind vt.remove v.render vt.renew vt.repeat vt.replace vt.report v.represent vt.request vt.require vt.reserve vt.resign v.resist v.resolve v.考前知识清理40天 18I. 语法复习：不定式1. 不定式的基本特征：主动的，表将来的，表目的2. 不定式做主语时，谓语动词怎样在人称与数方面保持一致3. 可以用不定式做宾语的动词：want , like , wish, hate, prefer, hope, continue, manage, try, ask, offer, start, forget, promise, mean, pretend,begin, decide, learn, agree, expect等4. 可以用wh-不定式做宾语的动词 ask, decide, explain, forget, know, learn, remember, see, tell, show, teach, discuss, wonder, advise 等5. 不定式做宾补的注意事项：A)使役动词后的宾补B)感官动词后的宾补6. 不定式作定语时应注意的事项：A)不定式的主动式或被动式的选择 B)与被修饰词的逻辑关系7. 不定式作状语A) in order to so as to(表目的)B) be glad to do sth. (表原因，注意该句型的形容词)C)only to do sth. (表结果，多数有only在前)8. too to 与 enough to do sth. 的转换问题9. 是不是凡是too to 结构都能译成“太而不能”？10. 省略不定式符号的几种情况：A) 感官动词，使役动词后的宾补中B)help后作宾语或宾补中 C) had better , would rather, would sooner, rather than 后 D) but, except 位于do + anything(nothing, everything)后E) 由and , or 连接两个不定式，第二个不定式前可省略II. 句型复习：Fish sleep when their eyes are open.= Fish sleep , with their eyes open.The teacher felt sad because so many pupils had gone away.= with so many pupils away, the teacher felt sad.The mayor of New York stood and he had a hat on his head. = The mayor of New York stood , with a hat on his head.III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (18) call sb. 叫(喊)某人, 给某人打电话 call sb. + 名词 sb. + adj. 说是，认为 call attention to 引起对的注意call away叫走了call back 回电话；叫回去call for 要求、号召、约请 call in 招集、招来,找来；请来；收回call names骂（人）call on (upon) sb. = call at sbs house 拜望，去会（某人） call on (upon) sb. to do sth. 叫（请）某人作某事；号召；要求；呼吁 call at ( a place ) 访问（某地）call on 拜访、访问 call out to sb. = shout at sb. 向某人吼（叫喊）call up给某人打电话；叫起床 npay (make) a call on sb.访问某人 =pay a visit to sb. give sb. a call = male a calltosb. 给打电话on call 随叫随到，随时可用 B. 短语记忆： service to 服务,贡献skill at 技巧,熟练 solution to .的解决办法 sorrow at/for/over 悲哀,悲痛 sympathy for 对.的同情 sympathy with 对.的赞同 taste for 对.的爱好,喜爱 taste in 对.的审美能力 trust in 对.的信赖,信任 wish for 欲望,愿望hungry for 渴望invisible to 不可见的 C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：respect vt.respond vi.rest v.restore vt. result vi.retire vi.return v.review vt.ride v.ring v.rise vi.rob vt.roll v.rule vt.run v.rush v.考前知识清理40天 19I. 语法复习：分词1. 分词的基本特征A) 现在分词 主动的，表进行的，表特征的；B) 过去分词被动的，表完成的，表状态的2. 不是任何动词都可以用于过去分词(只有及物动词才可以用作过去分词.)3. 如何使用分词作定语，状语，宾补4. 现在分词作表语与过去分词作表语的区别5. have sb. (sth.) do (doing , done )的使用区别6. make ab. doing sth. 怎么回事？7. 独立主格结构的用法8. 如何使用分词短语化简复合句9. 分词作定语时应该注意的问题(missing , lost ; remaining ,left等)II. 句型复习： 1. I wish to do sth.I wish for sth.I wish sb. to do sth.I wish that sb. did/ had done/ could do sth.2. How long have you been here ?How soon will you be back ?How often do you see him ?3. What is the weight (distance, number, population, price ) of ?4. How will you deal with?What will you do with?5. You are (have, can, will), so am (have, can, shall) I.You arent (havent, cant, wont) , neither (nor) am (have, can, shall) I.You are not, I am not either. So it is with (It is the same with)He is a student. So he is.6. Child as he is , Much as I like it, Try as you may (will), III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (19)break break away 突然逃掉或离开；断绝往来；改掉（习惯）；破除（旧做法） break away from 脱离 break down （身体）垮了；（谈话）中断；（机器）坏了；压倒，克服break forth 突然（迸出）break in 突然进入，非法进入；插嘴，打岔break into 破门而入；突然，一下子；打扰，打断break out爆发； 突然（大声地）vt. break off vt. 打断,折断；中断，断绝（关系） break through 突破，打通 break up 分散,折散；分解；腐蚀 break the rule 违反规定B. 短语记忆：in honour of为祝贺from then on从那时起above all首先ground floor底楼at sea在海上in charge of负责in search of寻找rather than宁愿hot dog热狗now and then有时day by day一天天in a word总之in debt欠债cash crop经济作物hand in hand手挽手heart and soul全心全意地C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：satisfy vt.save vt.say vt.schedule vt.search v.seat vt.see v.seek v.seize v. select vt.sell v.send v.separate v.serve v.settle v.shake v.share v.shift v. shine v.shock vt.考前知识清理40天 20I. 语法复习：反意疑问句 03三、复合句的反意疑问句10. 当陈述部分是一个（带that引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时，附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是， 当陈述部分的主语是：I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。11.当陈述部分是Im sure that,；we are sure；Im afraid that；We are sure that；I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。12.当陈述部分是并列句时，附加疑问句的主谓语要合离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。四、关于情态动词的反意疑问句13陈述部分中有have一词，且表示“所有”含义时，附加疑问句部分既可用have也可用do。14. 陈述部分中有have to，附加疑问句部分用do。15. 陈述部分带有情态动词ought to，附加疑问句部分，英国人用ought to形式；但在美国人中常用should。16. 陈述部分有used to，附加疑问句部分可用used 也可以用did 。17. 陈述部分有neednt时，附加疑问句部分用need但有时也可用must。18. 陈述部分有must，且表示“必须”时，附加疑问句部分用mustnt，如果表示“必要”则用neednt。19. 陈述部分中是mustnt表示“禁止”时，附加疑问句部分用must。陈述部分中的must表示“一定”、“想必”等推测意义时，附加疑问句部分而是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。II. 句型复习：1. It must be him / her2. What do you feel like doing sth. ?3. Id rather (not) do sth.4. Id like to do sth.5. Id like sb. to do sth.6. I want / intent / wish / plan to do sth.7. I havent decided