非谓语动词不定式的用法.doc

不定式作非谓语动词一、不定式的定义及构成：不定式是一种非限定性动词，即在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词。肯定形式：to + 动词原形否定形式：not to + 动词原形被动形式：to be + done（动词过去分词）期中to为不定式符号，本身无意义。二、不定式的时态和语态不定式虽没有人称和数的变化，但所表达的动作仍具有时间先后顺序，主动、被动形式。具体形式如下表语态时态主动被动一般式to doto be done进行时to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing1) 不定式的一般式动词不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作同事发生或在其后发生。We try to finish the task on time. 我们试图及时完成任务。I hope to see you next week. 我希望下周能见到你。2）动词不定式的进行式动词不定式的进行式所表示的动作一般与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生He seems to be following us. 他好像正在跟着我们。3）不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前Im so sorry to have given you so much trouble.很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。4）动词不定式的被动形式动词不定式的一般式被动语态通常表示将来的动作。The flowers need to be watered. 这些花需要浇水了。不定式的完成式被动语态表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。The room seems to have been tidied up already. 这个房子似乎已经整理过了。三、不定式的用法1）作主语动词不定式作主语，相当于名词或代词的作用To learn an art well is very hard. 学好一门艺术很难。动词不定式作主语往往用形式主语it代替，然后不定式置于句尾。上面的句子可改写为 It is very hard to learn an art well.2) 作宾语动词不定式一般作动词或介词的宾语I really want to watch the football match.He has no idea of how to answer this question.3) 作宾语补足语后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, beg, like, love, would like, order, teach, want, allow, encourage, wish等。My teacher told me not to play on the road. 我的老师告诉我不要在马路上玩。后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：感官动词（词组）：hear, listen to, feel, see, watch, notice, look at：使役动词let, make, have。另外help后的动词不定式可带to也可省略to.The boss made the worker work all day.这个老板让工人整体干活。4）作表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。5）作状语作目的状语only to 仅仅为了， in order to 为了， so as to 为了，so (such)as to如此以便He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以至于赶上第一班车。作结果状语，表示事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。He rushed all the way to the station only to miss the train,他一路冲往车站，结果还是错过了火车。6）作定语不定式作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后The next train to arrive is from Jinan.要到达的下一班火车是来自济南。（表将来的动作）四、和疑问词连用的不定式1）“wh-疑问词+不定式”主要用作宾语Wh-疑问词：who, what, when. where, why, how等I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。2）除用作宾语外，还可以用作主语、表语等。What to do was not decided yet. 还没决定该做什么。The question is how to find him. 问题是该如何找到他。五、不定式的否定式的构成1）通常是将否定词not或never置于不定式之前，即构成not to do或never to do的形式。My father told me not to drive after drinking.父亲告诉我酒后不要驾车。2）so as to do sth. 和 in order to do sth. 的否定式的构成将not置于to之前We keep the window shut in order not to let the flies in.我们把窗户关着以防苍蝇飞进来。六、省略to的不定式1）常用省略to的不定式结构had better do sth. 最好做某事（一种命令）would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事 cannot but do sth.只好做某事have nothing to do but do sth. 只能做某事Why (not) do sth.?为什么不做某事 2) 使役动词后省略tolet/have/make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事My mother makes me to drink milk every morning.妈妈每天早上让我喝牛奶。3）感官动词后省略to在感官动词（see, watch, observe, notice, look, hear, listen, feel）后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to. 如：I saw him get on the bus yesterday morning.昨天早上我看见他上了公交车。课堂巩固练习1. Its our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省)2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)3. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)4. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)5. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)6. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)7. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)8. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.