情态动词Word文档.doc

情态动词第一部分 基本情态动词的用法在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。从用法上来说，它有这样几个特点：1）各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。2）情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。 3）情态动词在句中不受任何人称,性,数变化的影响。4) 情态动词后接的不定式（除ought外）都不带to ，即接动词原形。1. 常用情态动词的基本用法 can , could 能，会1）表示脑力或体力上的能力She can sing that song in English.2)表示客观上（理论）的可能性Now people can skate on the lake .3)表示主观上的允许Can I ask you some questions about it ?You can not leave here till I come back .直到我回来你才能离开。4）（用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧How can / could you be here ? 你怎么会在这儿？She couldnt / cant be so stupid to do that .另外，could还常用于表示较客气委婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的结构中。这时候，could就不可以看作是can的过去式了。而是could自己独特的用法。如：Could you speak a little slowly ?您能稍微说慢一点儿吗？IWe would appreciate it if you could offer us any help . may , might 或许，可能，可以1）可能性I may be busy from tomorrow on .2）表示允许May I come in ? 3) may间或用来表示祝愿，也常用于表示目的或让步的状语从句中:May you succeed in winning the first prize in the game . must 应该，必须，一定1) 必须You must hurry up or youll be late .注意：在这种用法中，回答以must引导的问句时，若是否定答复，不可以用mustnt 而需要用neednt 或是dont have to，因为mustnt意思是绝不能、一定不要，而没有不必的意思。例如：-Must we hand in our exercises today ? 我们今天必须交作业吗？-Yes , you must .是的，必须交。-No , you neednt (or , you dont have to ).2）表示禁止（用于否定句）You must not speak ill of others .3）表示猜测、推测must常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时，后接动词原形；对已经发生的事进行猜测时，后接have + 过去分词。例如：You must be tired after working so long .It must have rained last night for it is so wet outside . shall 用于第二人称和第三人称肯定句主要表示下面几层意思：1）许诺 I promise that you shall see her again before long .2）命令You shall come to my office immediately .3）决心（表示某事一定会发生）That day shall come .那一天一定会到来。4）规定The renter shall keep the house in a neat and orderly state .will 用于第二人称表请求 Will you please sit down?情态动词dare,need通常只用于否定或疑问e.g.,Whodaredoit?Youneedntgonow.试看下列的填空：Welltrytofinishtheworkintime,butweneed_somemoreworkersA.askforB.toaskfor选项A为不加to的不定式，那么此时的need为情态动词，此句为肯定句显然不适，答案为Bneedtodo中的need为行为动词dare,need还可用作行为动词，后面可跟加to的不定式试比较，A.whodaredoit?B.Hedarestodoit.A.HeneedntdoitB.heneedstodoit上述句子中A句为含情态动词的句子，B句中dare.need均为行为动词注意动词dare的某些特殊用法。1）在下列句子中只可用情态动词dare，不可用行为动词dareHowdareyousayIamunfair?Idaresay,.(*Idaretosay,X)e.g.,Dontworry,sir.Idaresay,nobodywillcomeagain.2)行为动词dare后面跟不定式时，在下述三种情况之一时可省去不定式符号to与助动词连用时（即用于否定，疑问句）e.g.,Hedoesntdare(to)gototheforestdoneatnight.Doyoudare(to)touchthetigerinthecase?与never连用时e.g.,Themanneverdares(to)doanythingwithouthisownerspermission.当dare出现在WH(连接代词)引导的名词从句中时e.g.,Theywonderwhythelittleboydares(to)liveinsuchadangerousplace.第二部分 情态动词表示推测高频考点一、情态动词+do(一) must He must be at home by now.The light is on in the room. There must be persons in it.Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. Ah, good morning. You_be Mrs. Peters.（2010年，北京23题） A. might B. must C. would D. can（二） may/might 都表示可能，但may比might可能性大。如：Why isnt he in class?He may be sick. （生病的可能性较大）He might be sick. ( 生病的可能性较小) She may not be at home. =It is possible that she is not at home.Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A. must B. may C. shall D. should （三）can/could She cant be at home. = It is impossible that she is at home.It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would（四）should/ought to 估计/按理会 They should be there right now.1. 1ts nearly seven oclockJack_ be here at any momentAmust Bneed Cshould D. can2. Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? Well, it _ be, but it is now heavily polluted.A. will B. would C. should D. must二、情态动词+have done“情态动词have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。现就这一语言现象作如下归纳：（一）should /ought to have done表示过去应该做而实际没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该”；其否定形式为“should notought not to have done”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。1. I _ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams.（2010年，山东卷25题）A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt2. Im sorry. I _ at you the other day.Forget it. I was bit out of control myself. (2008年 江苏卷35题）A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouldC. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted 3. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. （2004年 广西卷）A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving（二）neednt have done“neednt have done”表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。1. Mark_ have hurried. After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.（2010年 天津卷）A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt2. As you worked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning. (2006年 陕西卷)A. maynt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt注意: He didnt need to come yesterday，意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。（三）must have done“must have done”用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。注意: 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用cantcouldnt have done。1. Jack described his father, who a brave boy many years ago，as a strong-willed man（2010年，安徽卷32题）A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been2. I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere. （2005年 北京春季） A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped3. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （2005年 天津卷）A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt（四）maymight have donemaymight have done表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能大概已做了某事”；否定形式表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。高考链接1. We _ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (2006年天津卷) A. neednt B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt（五）cancould have donecancould have done的否定形式表示“不可能已做了某事”； cancould have done的疑问句形式表示“可能也许已做了某事吗？”高考链接：I stayed at a hotel while in New York.Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed -could have done表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”.注意：在含can/must/may/might表示对过去情况推测判断的句子，如果变成反意疑问句，反意疑问句中动词应与情态动词must等后的动词时态形式保持一致，用一般过去时或现在完成时。例如： He must have been living here for years, hasnt he?他一定是在这儿住了好几年了，是吗？ 你昨天晚上没睡好，是不是？巩固练习：1. Great changes must have taken place in the village in the past few years, _ they? A. mustnt B. havent they C. cant D. didnt2. He must have lived a happy a few years ago, _ he? A. didnt B. hasnt C. mustnt D. cant1 May I stop my car here?No, you_.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. dont have to2. Must we clean the house now?No, you _.A. neednt B. may not C. mustnt D. cant3. John his father about his failure in the exam.A. dares not tell B. dares not tellingC. dare not tell D. dares not to tell4. You return the book now. You can keep it next week if you like.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not5. Johnny, you play with the knife, you hurt yourself.A. wont.cant B. mustnt.mayC. shouldnt, must D. cant.shouldnt6. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to7. Would you go out for a walk with me?No, I . My girl friend is coming.A. wouldnt B. shall not C. wont D. shouldnt8. Man die without water.A. will B. can C. need D. shall9. If he started at 9 0clock, he be there by now.A. need B. shall C. ought to D. must10. I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She_it.A. must receive B. cant receive C. might receive D. must have received11.The professor gave orders that the experiment before 5:30p.m.A. be finished B. will finishC. must be finished D. would be finished12. There was plenty of time. You_.A. mustnt hurry B. mustnt have hurriedC. neednt hurry D. neednt have hurried13. Tom was a diligent boy. He go to school though it was raining hard. A was able to B. could C. couldnt D. wasnt able to 14. _I go back before lunch?No, I dont think you_.A. Need.must B. Do.need to C. Must.have to D. May . ought to15. The teacher do all the exercises, but a pupil_.A. neednt.must B. may not.mustC. neednt.neednt D. cant.must16. Would you open the window please ? Yes, I_.A. will B. would C. do D. can17. A lion only attacks a human being when it is hun