高教自考英语翻译技巧.docVIP

高教自考英语翻译技巧关于加词,减词等在翻译时应注意的问题所谓加词就是根据原文的思想内涵透过文字表达上的表面现象,充分照顾到另一种语言的文法特征,描述规律,在将其翻译成另一种语言时该加词的地方加词,该减词的地方减词,千万不可以为了可以追求所谓的精练,简洁而随随便便地减词;也不可以离开原文,凭空腻测,随随便便加词.具体地说:加词:I. 由于词汇方面的原因而引起的加词现象:1. 加动词:由于英语是一门静止的语言,在所有的词汇当中,用名词的居多;而相比较而言,汉语则无此限制,不管有多少动词都可以并排使用.因此,许多英语的名词翻译成汉语时都要加上一些动词,否则,意思则很不完整,例如:But by 1981 he had to have further surgery on his hand. And a month later, he suffered as stroke.His speech in at the meeting turned out to exert a stimulating effect on the mind of the people present that day.He maintains that only hard work and unswerving perseverance can lead to improved performance.The lives claimed by shoddy construction projects should be enough to put governments at all levels on the alert.Efforts must be made to improve service for more than 1 million domestic and overseas tourists.You ought to know better than to go swimming straight after a meal.2. 加名词:在汉语中,及物和不及物动词的区别不是很明显,有时所谓及物动词后面的宾语如果上下文中能够看的出,往往可以省略不说;而英语则不然.由于英语对及物动词和不及物动词的区别很明显,因此翻译成汉语时则很麻烦.特别是一些不及物动词必须带上它后面的宾语句子意思才能显得完整.因此,我们在翻译时往往就需要增补.Make a schedule or chart of you time and fill in committed time such as eating , playing , meetings, classes, etc.It was two hours before the old couple mustered up enough courage to get up and called the police and they explained that theyd done that after much deliberation.这件事据说是一个组织严密的团伙干的.我是为友谊和求学而来的.有时形容词前面也可以加上名词:His wife thinks that this furniture is too expensive and, moreover looks very ugly.I thus appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of situation and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable character.有时,一些名词或者数量词的复数形式翻译成汉语后前面也要加词表示重叠:Thousands of students from the citys colleges and universities jammed the railway station awaiting the arrival of their football team.These she bought the medical supplies with the large sums of money given to her by many friends to help her in the Crimea.To look after the hordes of sick men there were only a few old doctor who were helpless before such scene of suffering and misery.3. 加代词:这里的代词主要是指作动词宾语的代词,因为英语中的所有及物动词都必须带有宾语,所以汉语翻译成英语时也需要增补:If you like this novel, I can lend it to you.I think shed appreciate it if we all helped her out a bit more.Would you please look for the key once more I remembered clearly putting it in the drawer last time.4. 加连词和介词:汉语可以通过上下文来连接句与句之间的逻辑关系,而英语则靠一些连接词来完成:If you want to go, I would give you my advice that you take an umbrella.Since its opening five years ago, the shop has attracted a lot of customers.Since the beginning of this century, more and more scientists have become interested in the way the human brain works.His friends asked him to write them as soon as he got there.He went so far as to cheat openly on test.The factory has decided to mass-produce the equipment at a low cost.Why was he absent from school yesterdayThe older leader gave us the suggestion that we be free from arrogance and rashness.This, he said, deprived him of his civil rights, and he asked for $150, 000 in damages.His marriage suffered and ended in divorce.After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute as settled.As her year as chief resident drew to a close, Mrs. White decided to specialize in childrens diseases.5. 下面的一些句子则是为了修辞目的而加词:He was sentenced as much as six months in jail for drunk driving.As many as twenty people were killed in the accident yesterday.I came here as early as eight oclock this morning.6 . 在某些作定语的不定式结构中,介词有时需要加上:Id like to find someone to play with.Would you please pass me a piece of paper to write on.Totally alone in the room, her mother wanted to find someone to talk to.7. 某些独立结构中:With a book in his hand, the teacher came into the class.8. 加副词They started up into the sky until the noise of the rocket died away.He stole a glance at the pretty girl walking alongside with him.9. 有时还要根据实际需要,加上一些表示范畴的词,即表示笼统意思的单词,意见,想法,道理等等.The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will.A situation in which such a large number of students cheat openly on the exam and esca