新概念一册49-72课知识点.doc

新一（49-72）知识点褚老师新一（49-72）知识点一般现在时一般时大部分描述的是日常的生活：我每天刷牙三次（早中晚）；我每天都上班；客观事实是什么：就是太阳东升西落；光的速度比声音快。 I go to school every day. (一般性) Peter usually brushes his teeth three times a day.（规律性） Sun rises in the east and sets in the west.（客观事实）类型：肯定句.带有动词句子，应注意“三单”使用：例：I like apples. / He likes pears. / She likes strawberries. .带有Be动词句子，应注意随主语变化而变化Be动词：例：I am a teacher. / He is a worker. / She is a dancer. They are students. / We are happy. 肯定句总结：即：掌握动词有“三单”变化，遇到“He, she, it 或一个人、一个物”都要变化动词形式，不能全部使用“原形”。 同时还要清楚，除了动词之外还有Be动词，它有三种形式“is ,am ,are”，随主语变化而变化。否定句. 带有动词句子的否定，采用“见动词，找助动”口诀：例：I dont like apples. / He doesnt like pears. / They dont understand. /We dont want to do homework. . 带有Be动词句子的否定，在Be动词后加NOT即可：例：I am not a teacher. / She is not a baby. / We are notstudents. 否定句总结：即：掌握“见动词，找助动，找助动，看主语”口诀，攻克动词句子的否定；而带有Be动词句子，只要在原句的Be动词之后加NOT即可. 疑问句主要掌握2个助动词Do和Does；Do用在复数主语（I, We, They 和 许多人），Does用在单数主语（he, She, It和一个人）。一般疑问句：即以助动词Do、Does或Be动词Is、Am、Are开头提问的疑问句，回答全部采用Yes或No来回答。例：Do you go to school every day? -Yes, I do. Does he brush his teeth three times a day? -Yes, he does. Areyou a teacher? No, I am not. Isit a dog? No, it isnt. 特殊疑问句: 即采用特殊疑问词“What、when、where、which、why、how”等特殊疑问词开头的疑问句。例：Where is your mother? She is in the bookshop.选择疑问句：即由or作连词连接的两个具有选择的疑问句例： Do you want beef or lamb? Beef, please. 特殊疑问句总结：分两类来记，即带有动词的特殊疑问句和带有Be动词特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 助动词（Do或Does）+ 主语 + Do（动词原形）WHAT + DO + YOU + WANT? WHERE + DOES + SHE + COME FROM？疑问句重点句型：1. Do you want any meat? 疑问句中，一些不可以再用“some”而是换成any2. Do you want beef or lamb? 选择疑问句，用or连接，二者选其一3 .What about some steak? 表示询问或是给建议时的疑问句，要用some4. Whats the weather like in spring? Whats . Like? 表示询问怎么样Whats the climate like in your country询问国籍的几种问法：Where do you come from? /Where do they come from? /Where does he come from? /Where does she come from? Where are you from? / Where are they from? /Where is your mother from? /Where is Lily from? 继续复习前面所学一般现在时，又给出了新的询问国籍的句式：What nationality are you? /What nationality are they? What nationality is he? / What nationality is she? 一般现在时的时间状语：Always, often, usually, generally, sometimes, seldom, never 放在主语后，动词前使用： I always go to school on foot. He sometimes goes to work by taxi. In the morning, in the afternoon, In the evening, at night 放在句首或句尾，every day, every year, every week 一般放句尾： Their father takes them to school every day. In the afternoon, they often drink tea together. He usually reads newspaper at night. 继续复习一般现在时的用法以及选择疑问句用法，另外就是询问某人身体的句式和生病的短语。Do you want the large size or the small size? The large size, please! I want. / I would like./ Is that all? / What else do you want? Whats the matter with sb. 某人怎么啦？Hows + sb. 某人身体怎么样 / How are you? Stay in bed/ remain in bed/ be in bed 卧床休息，加时间要用介词for+ 时间段 如： He must stay in bed for a week. Have a cold/ catch a cold / have flu得感冒Have a headache/ have an earache/have a stomach ache/ have a toothache/ have measles/ have mumps，Have a fever / have a temperature 现在进行时定义：描述在某个具体时刻，正在发生的事情。句型：主语 + Be + doing + 时间状语例句： I am doing my homework now. She is reading a book at the moment. Its six oclock, they are having their dinner now. 否定句：在Be动词之后加NOT即可一般疑问句：将Be动词提前于句首即可例句：Are you doing your homework now? Is she swimming in the river? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +Be + 主语 + doing ? WHAT+ARE+ YOU +DOING? WHAT+IS+ SHE +DOING?现在分词的变化规则：【直、去、双、变】【直】一般情况直接加-ing: do-doing/ help-helping/ go-going【去】以不发音的e结尾，去e加： make-making/ take-taking/live-living【双】以重读闭音节结尾要双写尾巴： swim-swimming/ cut-cutting/begin-beginning/ put-putting/ sit-sitting/shop-shopping/travel-travelling【变】以ie结尾,将ie变y加ing： lie-lying / die-dying情态动词：情态动词按语气强弱，可以分“小强”和“小妹”级别：最强的“小强”： Must（语气很强烈，不敢惹） 使用频率最多的“小能”： Can（什么都能做） “小能”的胞弟“小酷”： Could（请求别人帮助） “小酷”的好兄弟“小悟”: Would（给别人提供一些东东） 还有大家最熟悉的： Should（大家都会用，“应该”） 最弱的“小妹”: May 还有 “小妹妹”： Might（语气弱到不行）主语+ Must/ can/ could/ may/ should/need + DO（动词原形）注意情态动词是没有变化形式的，永远都是用原形，也不受主语限制，不管是否三单，都只用原形。没有cans,musts,shoulds例： We must study hard. He need do some sports. 祈使句：其实很简单，就是指命令或是请求，都是由动词原形构成的简单句！Take this medicine! 吃药！（请求） Open the door! 开门！（请求）Dont smoke here! 别在这吃药！（命令）Dont play with matches! 别玩火柴！（命令）You mustnt lean out of the window! 不要将身体探出窗外！（命令）一般将来时定义：描述将来要发生的事情，或是计划和打算做的事情句式：主语+ will + do 或者 主语+ Be + going to + do = Plan to do sth. 例句：I will go to America next year. He will study drama next semester. Sam is going to go to the library this afternoon. Sam plans to go to the librarythis afternoon. 一般疑问句：就是将Be动词提前于句首即可特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + Be + 主语 + going to + Do（原形） WHAT+ ARE + YOU + GOING TO + DO? 反身代词：表示强调的代词单数myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself复数 Ourselves, themselves, yourselves玩得愉快！ Enjoy + oneself别客气！ Make yourself at home! 自己随便做 Help yourself to do sth.自学 Learn by oneself一般过去时定义：描述过去发生的动作，已经在过去结束和终止，成为过去的事肯定句.带有动词的句子，动词要变化过去式：例：I went to the zoo yesterday. / She went shopping last week. .带有Be动词句子，Be动词两种变化形式（was和were）：例：Lily was a teacher two years ago. / We were happy yesterday. 否定句一定要和一般现在时区分开，过去时没有Do和Does，而只有did，不管主语是什么，都不会变化。例句： I didnt go to work yesterday. / He didnt have breakfast this morning. / We didnt see that film last week. 疑问句一般疑问句即：将助动词did或是Be动词was ,were提前特殊疑问句即： 特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + do + 时间状语 WHERE+ DID +You+ GO + YESTERDAY? 动词过去式变化规则：一般情况加ed：help-helped / look-looked / watch-watched 以不发音的e结尾：live-lived / love-loved /hope-hoped以元音+ y结尾，直接加ed：play- played / enjoy-enjoyed以辅音+y结尾，去y加ied：carry-carried/ cry-cried /study-studied以重读闭音节词结尾： stop-stopped / shop-shopped / plan-planned不规则变化，详见书中P179和P183How are you all keeping? 你们身体都好吧？be absent from school = didnt go to school 旷课（同义句转换）at school / at church / at home / at work 在学校/在教堂/在家/在工作，这几个词组中间没有冠词theat the office/ at the butchers / at the hairdressers/ at the bakers /at the dairy /at t