英语学习外教不设立目标你能做得更好.doc

登陆网站 参加免费试学英语学习外教，不设立目标你能做得更好If you dont know specifically where youre going, then youll never get there. And if you dont set the bar high enough, youll never live up to your potential.如果你不明确该往哪走，那你永远不会到达目的地。如果你不把界限设高些，你永远不会爆发所有的潜力。This is accepted common sense in the business world and its reinforced by research. Like that study done on the Harvard Business School class you may have heard of, in which only 3% of the graduating students wrote down clear goals. Twenty years later, those 3% were worth 10 times the worth of the rest of the class combined. Compelling, right?在商界这是大家都认为理所当然的事，而且经过研究，这个观念被加强。就像你可能听过的在哈佛商学院某班做的研究一样，在研究中，只有3%的毕业生写下了清晰的目标。20年后，这3%学生的身价是班中剩下所有学生的身价总和的10倍。很有说服力是吧？It would be if it were true. But it isnt. That study doesnt exist. Its pure urban myth.We might debate which goals to set, or how to set them, but who would debate whether to set goals at all?如果这件事存在的话确实是很有说服力，但事实却不是这样。这个研究根本不存在，只是“都市神话”而已。我们或许会讨论建立何种目标，或如何建立它们，但谁会讨论要不要设立目标呢？Id like to.我会。When we set goals, were taught to make them specific and measurable. But it turns out that those characteristics are precisely the reasons goals can backfire. A specific, measurable goal drives behavior thats narrowly focused and often leads to either cheating or myopia.当我们设立目标时，经常被告知目标要明确可以度量。但结果说明正是目标的这些特性会让结果适得其反。一个精确、可度量的目标限制了行为，也会导致欺骗或短视。So what can you do in the absence of goals? I want to propose one: Instead of identifying goals, consider identifying areas of focus.所以在没有目标的情况下你应该做什么呢？我想提出一条建议：明确目标范围而不是具体的目标。A goal defines an outcome you want to achieve; an area of focus establishes activities you want to spend your time doing. A goal is a result; an area of focus is a path. A goal points to a future you intend to reach; an area of focus settles you into the present.目标定义了你想要获得的结果，目标范围明确了你想要花时间做的事。目标是结果；目标范围是过程。目标指出了你想要得到的未来；目标范围让你把握现在。How do you do it? Its simple: identify the things you want to spend your time doing or the things that you and your manager decide are the most valuable use of your time and spend your time doing those things. The rest takes care of itself.那你该如何做呢？很简单：明确你想花时间做的事或者你和经理觉得对你最有价值的事然后花时间完成它们。其他的自会有解决之道。And in my experience, not only will you achieve at least as much as you would have if you had set goals, but youll enjoy the process far more, avoiding unnecessary stress and temptation.而且据我的经验，当你用这种方法设立目标后你不只会达成目标，也会更享受过程，并避免不必要的压力和诱惑。都说英语写作第一步是审题，最关键是时态，时态的错误会让阅卷老师犹如坐上了时光穿梭机云里雾里，不知所云。我们都知道在一个句子中时态的用法和明显的标志词，但是一旦开始写作文，那些原本清晰的概念为何却屡屡丢分？先别急，我们来看两段话。A. Mr. James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons.B. Mr. James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he bought twelve pigeons.第一个例子是摘自新概念二册第五课的内容，在A段话中，第一分句用的是现在时，第二个分句用的是现在完成时，接下来两个分句仍然分别使用了现在时和现在完成时。也就是说，整个这段叙述的时态倾向于现在时。而第二个例子中，四个分句的顺序是现在时、过去时、现在时、过去时，时态顺序上漫无目的的变化使得整段话变得松散。B段话对事情的叙述也算能够理解，而且其不连贯性也并非一目了然。但若与原文A相比，就显得前言不搭后语，因为在简短的几句话中，一般人们不会在现在时态与过去时态之间来回跳跃。可这恰恰是我们很多同学在英语写作中常犯的错误，今天，让我们抛开句子层面的规则用法，来一起看看在长一点的篇章中各个时态是如何相互作用，搭配使用的呢？首先，来给时态分分家，我们都知道时态之所以叫时态，就是要确定发生的时间在哪里，所以把它们根据过去、现在和将来分成三部分，“过去”包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时（过去的过去）、过去将来时；“现在”包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时和一般将来时；“将来”包括一般将来时、将来进行时和将来完成时。我们在写作中会遇到的内容无外乎是这三个时间段。分好了家，那么在家中各个时态都承担什么样的角色呢？我们还是借用亚力山大先生的文章，新二第五课来看一下。Mr. James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinburst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance the first three minutes. Up to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to th