BEC初级口语必备学习.doc

BEC商务英语初级口语美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释 (Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤， 大纲是论文、报告的骨干， Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。 就算是小报告，也至少应含 (一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期 (二)Summary： 即主要的结论 (三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内容 (四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。 (五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论 (六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。 论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。BEC初级口语电子讲义BEC Preliminary介绍 BP Introduction BEC初级介绍 ()Why take BEC exams? * strong growth * rigorous quality control * wide suitability * wide business context * value for study and business career * international recognition for work and study () BP Content BP包含的内容 BP考试主要是考学生的语言能力，包括听、说、读、写四个方面。试卷所设计的语言文字基本上都与商务有关。另外，还考学生的英语语法、结构等内容。BP考试分笔试和口试两大部分。笔试包括阅读、写作和听力。听说读写 听力：电话、面谈、问路、讨论等 阅读：来往函电、表格、会议记录(memorandum)、广告(advertisement)、 通知(announcement)、日程安排(business schedule)、电话留言、简历(resume/CV)、商业文章、信息转换、产品目录(product catalog)写作：写短文、商务信函(查询信、复查询信、抱怨信、图表描述) 口语：日常会话(daily conversation)、简单陈述(mainly presentation)、讨论问题 () Papers 试卷.Preliminary VantageAdvancedReading1 hr 30 mins 1 hr1 hrWriting45 mins1 hr 10 minsListening40 mins40 mins40 minsSpeaking( 2 candidates)12 mins 14 mins 16 mins () Grades 评分等级* one overall grade* each skill counts for 25%* candidates also receive profile of performance* Preliminary: two pass grades, namely, pass with merit and pass* Vantage and Advance: three pass grades() Introduction to BP Preparation Resource* vocabulary * textbook Pass Cambridge BEC PreliminaryFurther Ahead（a communication skills course for Business English）* mock exam papers: 9 sets 学习方法 Learning MethodsWhat is International Business English? 什么是国际商务英语？国际商务英语，指的是人们从事国际商务活动中所使用的具有行业特征的英语，这些行业包括：国际贸易、国际金融、国际会计、国际运输、国际商法、保险、银行、经济、营销、物流、企业管理、商业服务等。How to learn International Business English? 怎样学习国际商务英语？1. 掌握一定的商务英语词汇、短语和句型。(1) 词汇方面commercial e.g. The TV show was interrupted by too many commercials. prospecte.g. He called on some prospects but failed to make a sale.makee.g. These products are of Chinese make.The factory manufactured five makes of tractors.(2) 短语方面soft selling hard sellingSome sales people adopt a direct hard sell approach, while others use a more indirect soft sell approach.have a bad yearThe corporation is having a bad year and it will probably be necessary to dismiss a few office staff.break into/penetrate the marketThere is chance that well manage to break into the UK market.(3) 句型方面I am writing to you concerningI cant agree more.You can always reach me at the numberWe would very much appreciate it if you couldI noted with interest your advertisement forThats exactly what I think.You are wanted on the phone.As requested, we enclose for your attention2. 熟悉世界贸易组织。3. 熟悉国际商务英语有关行业的基本术语及其内涵意义。4. 学习国际商务常识，略知相关专业知识。（一个中心，四个基本点）一个中心：国际贸易知识。 四个基本点：国际经济、国际金融、营销策略、国际商法。 国际经济：4C规律（Competition, Contradiction, Coordination, Cooperation）等。 国际金融：外汇、国际收支、货币的一般知识。 营销策略：市场调研、营销组合、目标市场、战略营销等。 国际商法：合同、WTO协定文本（基本常识）、知识产权等。5. 密切了解国际商务最新动态。第一讲 Introducing yourself & Introducing some else E.g. 1Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.Im so happy to be here today.Id like to introduce myself.My name is Jennifer.I come from Kaohsiung.Ive been living in Taipei for three years.I am a student.I like outdoor life.Im interested in sports, especially mountain-climbing.I like making friends with people from all over the world.I hope well become good friends.Thank you, everybody!E.g.2Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.This is Michael Wang.Youve all heard about him.Hes a good friend of mine.Youll have a chance to chat with him.Lets make him feel at home.Here he is.Michael Wang. Big wheelLets give him a big hand. Presentation Introducing yourselfGreetingIntroductionResponseHelloGood morning/afternoonHow do you do?Let me introduce myself. My names_My names_Im_Pleased to meet you.Im_Nice to meet you.Mines_Nice to meet you.Im_Introducing someone elseRequest for introductionIntroductionResponseCould you introduce me to_?I havent met_I dont know anyone here. Youll have to introduce me.Of course. Let me introduce you to_Im sorry. This is_Of course. Ill introduce you to_, this is_Let me introduce you two. _, this is_Nice to meet you.Very nice to meet you.Nice to meet you.Nice to meet you. Business DialogueDialogue 1 Introducing an Acquaintance Mr. Lee: Well get Miss Lewis opinion on this, I think.Mr. Jones: Miss LewisIve heard that name. Oh yes! I heard she is one of the secrets of this companys success. Everyone was raving about what a great job shes done in motivating the (interrupted by Mr. Lee)Mr. Lee:Uh, Mike speak of the devil the famous Miss Lewis is standing right behind you. Mary, let me introduce our new Accounting Manager Mike Jones. Mike, this is Mary Lewis. Mr. Jones:So youre the famous Miss Lewis! So nice to meet you at last! Ive heard so much about you.Miss Lewis: All good, I hope. Its nice to meet you, too.Mr. Jones:Yes, I assure you, it was all good. What do you do in Human Resources?Miss Lewis:Im the General Manager of Human Resources. I took over from Jim when he stepped down a few years ago. And how long have you been in the Accounting Department?Mr. Jones:Just started, Im afraid. But I hope to see more of you in the future. It was so nice to finally meet you.Miss Lewis: Same here. Im looking forward to working with you.Dialogue 2 The Lunch Meeting Mr. Lee: You must be Miss King. Im Leo Lee. Wow, you look just as you described on the phone.Miss King:Yes, I am Miss King. But please call me Betty. Its great to meet you, Mr. Lee. Thanks for suggesting a lunch meeting. Ive got a hectic schedule, so this is a great way to kill two birds with one stone.Mr. Lee:Me, too, and its my pleasure. You must be wondering who my friend here is. Ive taken the liberty of inviting my assistant, Mr. Young. Hell be taking a few notes.Miss King: Great! Nice to meet you. Its always good to have someone to keep track of things when youre brainstorming.Mr. Young:Nice to meet you, too.Mr. Lee:Well, lets go through the buffet line and then we can get down to business. Introduction to BP Speaking format conversation presentation discussion criteria pronunciation vocabulary & grammar discourse management interactive communication examiner interlocutor assessor Cambridge examiner第二讲 Greetings 1.Whats up?Whats happening?Whats going on?Hows it going?Hows everything?Hows everything going with you?2.How are you doing?How are you getting along?How are things with you?How are you?How have you been?Hows life been treating you?与考官见面用语1. Glad to meet you here.2. How nice to see you.3. Fancy seeing you.4. How are you?5. Im glad to have had the opportunity to meet you here.6. How do you do?7. Im glad to meet you.8. Im pleased to meet you.9. Im pleased to make your acquaintance.10. Its a pleasure to meet you.考试结束语表达1 Thats very kind of you. Thank you.2 Thank you very much for giving me information.3 Well, thanks for talking to you and I wish you all the best in your future.4 Thank you, Sir/Madam.5 Nice to talking to you.6 Before you go, is there anything else youd like to tell me?7 I appreciate your talking with me. Goodbye.8 I enjoyed talking to you.9 It has been very helpful talking to you.10 Hope to see you again. Conversation Possible QuestionsSuggested Answers and Note1) Whats your registration number? My registration number is2) Whats your name?How do you spell your name?How do you spell your family name / surname / last name? My first name is. and my last name is. My given name is, but my friends always call me, my English name is. You can call me, if you like / wish. 可说自己的nickname, 使人有亲切感3) Where are you from?Would you say its a good place to live in?(Why?)Do you like living in?Where would you like rather liveor?(Why?)Do you think it would be better to live inor? (Why?) Weather Transportation Environment HousingHouses are pricey in this area. Night life (exciting, dynamic) Local people Local government Job opportunities Resorts (skiing) Atmosphere 描述hometown的时候要有selling points4) Do you come from a large family or a small family?Can you tell me a bit aboutin your family? Extended family Nuclear family 在谈及自己家庭的时候应该说一些额外信息（additional information） only child single5) Do you work or are you a student in?What do you do?What do you study?Whats your major?What do you like most about your job?(Why?)What do you like most about your studies?(Why?) Major可用做动词I majored in , and minored in Ever since I was a child, I was interested in Interesting & challengingTraveling opportunityTraining (career development)Financial benefitsGood prospect, bright future第三讲 Conversation注意：1 考试中不要说 “Pardon?”2 Never say “sorry” in examination!3 没听清可用以下说法I dont quite understand you. Would you explain it a little bit for me?I am not so sure what you are getting at. Would you express it in another way?Free TimeDo you have much free time?How do you spend your free time?What do you do in your free time?Whats your hobby?Why do you like?Is there any particular reason why you enjoy?When did you first take up / start(Why did you start then?) Particular reason Cultivate a hobby Its never too late to take a hobby. -Churchill Outdoor activities:Sports: tennis / golf / baseball / attend the gym / fitness center Work out=exercise Recharge the battery: Attend a training courseRead various books, for example Chat onlineWatch TV(passive viewer) TV=one-eyed monsterads (advertisement advert) Commercial Teleplay Educational programs Amusement programs Music: classical / light/ pop / jazz / blues folk Fine arts Abstract painting / oil painting I am fond of traveling. Traveling is a good way of learning and a good way of communicating with other people. No, I dont have much free time, because so many wonderful courses are fixed. I prefer doing exercises, (most of time) Id like to attend the gym or go to the fitness centers. If time is enough, Ill read various kinds of books.Possible Topics & QuestionsSuggested Answers and NoteTransportHow did you come here today?How did you travel to the test?Did you come here by bus?If you could travel by any form of transport you want, what would you choose? (Why?)Which form of transport would you like to travel by?How do you think you will travel to work in 15 years time?How do you think you will travel to work 15 years from now? Bus / taxi / cab / private car / subway / tube underground / tram 注意从以下三点出发：time / safety / money light way / subway / airport It would be fast developing in 15 years time and will cover everywhere in Beijing. It will be really convenient.HotelsWhat kind of accommodation do you usually stay in when you go on holiday?Do you stay in a hotel or an apartment you are on holiday?What kinds of facilities do you think hotels ought to provide for business people? (Why?)Do you think companies should pay for their staff to stay in expensive hotels on business trips? (Why? / Why not?)Should people stay in expensive hotels on business trips? (Why? / Why not?) hotel/motel/villa/apartment/flat (BrE)/dorm city breaks, beach holidayssun-tanned / fast-tanned center camping 可以住camp or tent Hitchhiking, hitchhiker (take a gap year) Domestic travel Sight seeing Hi-tech, Local Area Net, internet, database system, fax Well equipped conference room,sound-proof multi-function hall video-conferencing, tele-conferencing It depends (on the different circumstances).If you fix a deal which is worth $1000000, in that case, your company will pay for you to liveIf you go there for only 2$, its impossiblePossible Topics & QuestionsSuggested Answers and NoteFuture PlanWhat would you like to do after you finish your studies? (Why?)What are you doing now for the preparation of your future plan?What if you failed to find a job as a?What would you do if you couldnt find a job as a? go abroad, look for a job, hunt for a job, study further, post graduate knowledge preparation: attend training course psychological preparation: be matureimprove interpersonal skills It is not quite possible. 面试时问这种问题可以说：If you dont want me, there are several other companies waiting for me, actually Ive got several offers. 如果被问到：这个工作你能做么？AmE: Yes, definitely. It is a piece of cake.BrE: Im sure I can do it.TeamworkWhat kind of people do you most like working /studying with? (Why?)What do you think makes a good team?What is a good team?Do you think you work in a good team?(Why? / Why not?) Honest and have good interpersonal skills Cooperation and friendly atmosphere Mutual trust考场策略：1放松心态，留下良好第一印象；2听清问题，避免答非所问；3回答以清晰，简洁，明了为佳。 Functional Sentences 没听懂时1. Could you please rephrase the question/topic?2. Im not exactly sure what you mean. 对内容不熟悉或完全没听说过时1. Im not exactly sure how to answer the question, but (perhaps)2. Thats a rather difficult question, but (maybe)3. Im sorry, but I dont know much about. 联想到相关答案时1. However, it might be possible that2. Maybe I can answer your question by telling you about a personal experience, I had3. Thats an interesting questionLet me see. Well, I suppose that第四讲 Conversation （Warming up Ex.）1Exercise daily.Work out every day.Keep yourself in shape.Lets exercise.Lets burn a few calories.Lets give our bodies a workout.2.Image is everything.Stay fit and look healthy.People judge you by your appearance.Your health is precious.You cant buy good health.Health is more important than wealth.3.Thin is in.Fats not where its at.You need to slim down.4.Lets walk down every street.Lets cover every inch of this city.Lets learn about this city inside out.5.Lets get rowdy.Lets whoop it up.Lets paint the town red.Lets go crazy.Lets raise hell.Lets wake the dead.6.I want to travel.I want to see the world.Im going to be a globe-trotter.Lets see the unseen.Lets do whats never been done before.Lets travel the world far and wide. Presentation 1. What is important when choosing a business club to join in? Leisure FacilitiesThe leisure facilities may be the answer, I think. It can make us very happy and comfortable after all days work and sometimes we can enjoy our lives in the club. Type of EventsIf there are many types of events in the club, we will select it. Different types of events can provide us with many experiences that we have not gone through in daily basis. CostThe cost may be a very important factor. If the cost is too high, many guests would be scared away, and the cost should be reasonable according to the services on offer. Club MembersI think club members will be the only answer. If someone can meet the celebrities of different circles in the club, he will be happy to join in the club and he may have a chance to make friends with them. OrganizerA good organizer will be the winning point. If everything is arranged in order, the guests can easily find the person hes looking for and do whatever they please, the guests will be very satisfied. Co