现在完成时与宾语从句.doc

现在完成时考点一：考查基本概念例 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .（呼和浩特） . knew . have known . must know .will know简析：现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。考点二：考查时间状语例1. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already .never .ever . still例2. Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago例3. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written例4. -Our country _ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better例5. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying例6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see析：现在完成时的时间状语常有如下四类： 现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，好）， ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before （以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故例1应选B；例2应选 现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/last + 一段时间等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故例3应选D，例4应选C。 现在完成时时常与for +时间段或since +过去时间点连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故例5应选C，例6应选C。 现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次）， several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故例7应选B。考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别例1.-These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 例2.-_ you _ your homework yet ? -Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish简析：现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就 是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二 者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发 生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话 的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生 在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语 （如 yesterday , last week , a moment ago 等） 连用。故例、的正确答案皆为 B 。 四：考查非延续性动词的用法 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in例2.-Do you know him well ?- Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made例3.-How long have you _ here ? -About two months . been . gone . come . arrived例4. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began例5. His uncle died two years ago .（改变句子，句意不变）His uncle has _ for two years 例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .例7. It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . Was简析：现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下：close-be closed, put on-wear , open-be open get up-be up,finish/end-be over , lose-be lost , marry-be married(to), fall asleep/ go to sleep -be asleep , get to know- know ,come/arrive-be here/in , come/get back-be back , go/leave-be away , buy-have , join-be in/be a member of , catch a cold- have a cold become -be , borrow -keep ,begin/start-be on , die-be dead , 等 考点五：考查词组have/has been in / to与have/has gone to的区别例1.Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been例2. My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to .have been简析：have/has gone to + 地点表示某人去了某地（还未回来），指主语所指的人不在这儿。have/has been in + 地点表示在某地呆了多长时间，常与表示时间的状语连用。have/has been to +地点表示曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。故例1、2的正确答案皆为A。宾语从句The Object Clause一、He saidhe was in space.She says that she will leave for Beijing tomorrow.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句Do you know why I like team sports?由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which，what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句I dont know if they will leave tomorrow.由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句二、一般要注意什么？ 引导词 (the conjunction) 语序 （the word order） 时态 （ the tense)1 .Can you tell me _yesterday?A.when you come B. when you came C. you when come D.you when came 2.Im not sure _ he go with us or not.A. why B. that C. where D. whether 3. 我不知道他昨天为什么迟到了。I dont know _ . 4 .她说她明天将去游览迪斯尼乐园。She says _ Disneyland tomorrow.（一）、引导词的选择 把两个句子合并为一个句子。She told me. She passes the exam. She told me (that) she passed the exam（1）陈述句充当宾语从句时, 选择引导词that。Maria asked me. When will they come? Maria asked me when they would come（2）特殊疑问句充当宾语从句时, 选择引导词who, what , where, how, why, when 等等I dont know. Will he come to school tomorrow? I dont know if / whether he will come to school tomorrow.（3）一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，选择引导词 if 或whether。（二）语 序 (陈述句语序)陈述句充当宾语从句 一般疑问句充当宾语从句 特殊疑问句充当宾语从句在宾语从句前加that, 也可省 在宾语从句前加if或whether 在宾语从句前加相对应的疑问词She told me she passed the exam. Maria asked me _ they would come.I dont know_ he will come to school tomorrow.（三）时 态 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. We know that he _(be) a good student. 2. He said that he _(have) posted the letter3. He decided that he _(will) go to Beijing.4. I want to know which class you _(be) in.5. He said that the sun _(be) much bigger than the moon.A：主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句时态不受限制，可用所需要的任何时态。B：如果主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时。C：如果从句说的是客观现象或真理、格言警句、民间谚语、定理定义等的时候，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。例题解析例1 My teacher told us light _ much faster than sound. (湛江市07年中考题)A. travels B. traveled C. is travelling D. travel例2 “Will you return to your hometown soon?” He asked me. (湛江市07年中考题)He asked me _ I _ _ back to my hometown soon.例3 - When will the meeting start? - Pardon? - He asked _.(湛江市06年中考题)A. when will the meeting start B. when would the meeting startC. when the meeting would start D. when the meeting will start三、单项选择（10小题）1. Do you remember _ last time? A. what is your teacher saying B. what your teacher said C. what did your teacher say D. what your teacher says2.I want to know if _ a meeting tomorrow. A. you have B. you will have C. do you have D. will you have3. He didnt tell me _. A. how old he was B. how old was heC. he was how old D. how much did it cost4. He said he _ to visit that famous museum the next week. A. will go B. should go C. were going D. would go5. Please tell me _ you can come or not. A. if B. whether C. weather D. how6 .Will you please tell me _? A. where Lukou Airport is B. where Lukou Airport was C. now can we go to Lukon AirportD. when was Lukou Airport built7. I wonder where_. A. have you gone B. you have gone C. have you been D. you have been8. The geography teacher told us the earth _ the sun. A. moves around B. moved around C. move around D. moves 9. He wants to know _ America. A. when will Mr. Li leave for B. when will Mr. Wang stay in C. why will Mr. Wang stay in D. when Mr. Wang will leave f