非谓语动词错误例析.doc

非谓语动词错误例析【同步教学信息】英语中的非谓语动词是高考的语言重点，是历届高考试题中的必考内容，也是中学生在校学习英语的过程中深感棘手的难点。下面是学生经常出错的非谓语动词的一些例子。 【典型例题】例1 w it took her two hours finishing her homework.r it took her two hours to finish her homework.例2 w it is no use to regret what has been done.r it is no use regretting what has been done.分析:不定式,动名词均可以用作句子的主语.其区别不大,常可互换.但在某些句型中的主语用动名词(例2),某些句型中主语永不定式(例1)都属于习惯用法,一般不宜互换。例3 w most of the students enjoy to read novels.r most of the students enjoy reading novels.例4 w he always refuses doing what he is unwilling to.r he always refuses to do what he is unwilling to.分析:不定式,动名词均可以作宾语。但并非每个及物动词后都可以接不定式或者都能解动名词。要根据各个动词的搭配结构选定不定式活动名词。1. 某些动词后既可以接不定式又可以接动名词,其意义差别不大,可以互换。这类动词有: like love hate dislike begin start continue 等。例: she likes playing(to play ) chess in her spare time.nobody can bear to be laughed (being laughed) at in public.2. 某些及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语,不能接动名词作宾语如(例4)。这类动词有:hope, offer, help, expect, learn, demand, decide, refuse, ask, prepare, plan, choose, manage, pretend, fail, wish, agree等。例:she pretended _ me when i passed by. (met 89.34)a. not to see b. not seeing c. to not see d. having not seen (a)we agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (nmet95.19 )a. learn b. to learn c. learned d. learning (b)3. 某些及物动词后只能跟动名词作宾语,不能跟不定式作宾语如(例3)。这类动词有:mind, suggest, avoid, excuse, finish, allow, admit, resist, miss, enjoy, consider, imagine, advise, permit, prevent, delay, appreciate, give up, put off, feel like, consist on, cant help等。i would appreciate _ back this afternoon. (met92.18)a.you to call b. you call c. your calling d. youre calling (c)people couldnt help _ the foolish emperor in the procession. (met83.20)a. laugh at b. to laugh at c. laughing at d. laughing on (c)the squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. (met87.38)a.catching b. to be caught c. being caught d. to catch (c)例5 w nobody was allowed smoking here. r nobody was allowed to smoke here.分析:某些动词如: allow permit forbid advise continue 等后面必须接动名词作宾语，但也可以接不定式的复合宾语。本句为被动语态，后面的非谓语动词为不足语。charles babbage is generally considered _the first computer. (nmet93.34)ato invent b. inventing c. to have invented d. having invented (c)4.某些动词或词组后接动名词主动形式表被动意义。这类动词有：need want require be worth 等。- what do you think of the book? (met89)- oh, excellent. its worth _ a second time.a. to read b. to be read c. reading d. being read (c)5.某些动词如：remember forget regret try 后接动名词，表示动名词的动作已经发生。接不定式表示动作未出现。she didnt remember _ him before. (met88.26)a. having met b. have met c. meet d. to having met (a)- the light in the office is still on. (met91.35)- oh, i forgot _.a.turning it off b. turn it off c. to turn it off d. having turned it off (c)- you were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.(nmet95.26)- well, now i regret _ that.a. to do b. to be doing c. to have done d. having done (d)例6 w she left here without to tell anybody. r she left here without telling anybody.例7 w i have no idea of what doing next. r i have no idea of what to do next.分析：介词一般由动名词充当如例6。但某些介词如：of on about 后可接一个带疑问词的不定式短语作宾语。如例7.last summer i took a course on _ . (met90.22)a. how to make dresses b. how dresses be made c.how to be made dresses d. how dresses to be made (a)how about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (nmet93.17)a. to take b. take c. taking d. to be taking (c)例8 w there was an old man lived in the village.r there was an old man living in the village.例9 w the bicycle having stolen last week hasnt been found.r the bicycle stolen last week hasnt been found.例10 w the building completed next week will be used as a library.r the building to be completed next week will be used as a library.分析：分词、不定式均可作定语。现在分词作定语与被修饰名词在逻辑上为主谓关系。如例8。do you know the boy _ under the tree? (met89.16 )a. lay b. lain c. laying d. lying (d)there was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.afollowed b. following c. to be followed d. being followed (b)分析：及物动词的过去分词作定语，与被修饰名词在逻辑上为动宾关系。如例9。most of the artists_ to the party were from south africa.(met90.28)a. invited b. to invite c.being invited d. had been invited (a)分析：不定式作定语，表将来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表被动、完成。如例10。the first test-books_ for teaching english as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(nmet94.34)a. having written b. to be written c. being written d.written (d)【反馈练习】1. to succeed in passing the exam, _.a. one needs to be diligent b. diligence is neededc. one needs be a diligent person d. diligence is what one needs2. he made a long speech _ his ignorance of the subject.a. only to show b. only showing c. showing d. enough to show3. mr brown is said _ a new novel.a. to writing b. to have been written c. to be written d. to have written4. the old man is said _ a sailor when he was young.a. to have been b. that he was c. to be d. of being5. _ with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, _ his tail to the rain.a. trembling, exposing b. trembled, exposedc. trembled, exposing d. trembling, exposed6. it was so _ a poem that quite a few children were _ to tears.a. moved, moved b. moving, movingc. moving, moved d. moved, moving7. if you want to improved your _ english, you must practise _ it every day.a. speaking, speaking b. spoken, speakingc. spoken, to speak d. speaking, to speak8. do you know the girl _ at the back of the classroom?a. seated b. seating c. sit d. sat9. many teachers were praised at the meeting, mr zhou _.aincluding b. being included c. to include d. included10. the two farmers _ what appeared to be small guns forced the enemy officer to hand in his map.a. carried b. were carrying c. carrying d. had carried11. the story-book _ was borrowed from the library.a. which it is on the desk b. which on the deskc. is on the desk d. lying on the desk12. a _ man is often afraid of _.a. dying, dead b. dead, death c. dead, dying d. dying, death13. the wheat fields are irrigated by water _ from a pond through bamboo pipes.a. bring b. brings c. brought d. bringing14. six _ nine makes fifteen.a. added to b. adds to c. added up to d. added by15. the doctor asked the patient to drink more _ water.a. boiling b. boiled c. cold d. being boiled16