Book1Unit5必修一Unit5讲义.docVIP

Unit 5 Book One Nelson Mandela-A Modern Hero一：Words1.mean mean-meant-meant meaning意义，meaningful有意义的(1) adj 吝啬的，小气的 be mean with stheg: She has always been mean with money.她在花钱方面总是小气。 刻薄的，不善良的 be mean to sbeg: Dont be so mean to your little brother. 不要对你弟弟那么刻薄。(2) v 意思是，意味着 mean sth/doing sth eg: What do you mean by that remark? 你说那话是什么意思？What she means is that there is no point in waiting here. 她的意思是在这儿等下去没什么意思。 Your friendship means a great deal to me.你的友谊对我来说很重要。 Missing this bus means waiting for another twenty minutes.错过这趟公车就意味着再等20分钟。 打算，有目的，意欲 mean to do /mean sth (as) /mean sb to doeg: Im sorry I hurt you. I didnt mean to (hurt you). 对不起弄疼你了。我不是故意的。 He means trouble.他存心捣乱。 He means to succeed. 他一意求成。Dont laugh. I mean it. 别笑，我是认真的。He means what he says. 他说话是当真的。What did she mean by leaving so early? 她为什么这么早走了？I didnt mean you to read the letter. 我没打算让你看那封信。Youre meant to pay before you use the car. 你要交钱才能用车。 注意: had meant to do= meant to have done本打算(但事实上没做)，表示虚拟语气，类似的词有plan, hope和intend等。 eg: I had meant to call my parents but I havent got around it.我本想给父母打电话，但还是没机会打。 让某人成为/做(常用被动形式) be meant for sth/ be meant to do sth eg: My father meant me to be an engineer. 我父亲想让我当工程师。I was never meant for the army. 我根本就不是当兵的料。 Tom and Mary are meant for each other. Tom 和Mary真是天生一对。 mean well本意是好的，出于好心 mean (sb) no harm并非恶意(3) means n 方式，方法，途径 an action, an object or a system by which a result is achieved; a way of achieving or doing sth eg: means of communication/transport/identification通讯手段/交通工具/身份证件 Is there any means of contacting him? 有什么方法可以联络到他吗？ He doesnt particularly like the job but sees it as a means to an end. 他不怎么喜欢这件工作，只是把它看作达到目的的手段而已。财富，财产 the money a person haseg: People should pay according to their means. 人们应按照各自的负担能力来消费。 Private school fees are beyond/within our means.我们无法/可以支付私立学校的费用。 He is a man of means.=He is a rich man. by all means=of course/absolutely当然可以 by no means绝不，一点也不 by means of sth=using sth 依靠方法，凭借手段 eg : The message was spread by means of the internet.联想：by way of 取道，经由(地方) eg : He went to London by way of Hong Kong. = in the way of 作为的方式/形式 eg: She rolled her eyes by way of an answer and left.她转动了一下眼睛作为回答，然后走了。2. devote 投入 devotion n 挚爱，忠诚，奉献 devote to sth 把（时间，注意力，精力等）用于 eg: I could only devote two hours a day to the project.我一天只能在这个项目上花俩个小时。 devote oneself to sb/sth致力于，献身于 eg: She devoted herself to her career. 她致力于自己的事业。联想：devoted adj 忠诚的，全心全意的 eg: a devoted son/friend/fan孝子/挚友/狂热的粉丝 be devoted to sb/sth挚爱的，致力于的eg: Devoted to his research, he cant spare any time to accompany his family. 献身他的研究，他抽不出时间来陪伴他的家人。3. attack v 进攻，袭击 eg: A woman was attacked and robbed by a gang(伙，群) of youths. At dawn, the army attacked the town.黎明，军队发起了进攻。 抨击，非难 to criticize sb/sth severely eg: She was attacked for ignoring her own party members. 她因漠视本党党员而收到非难。 侵袭，损害 to have a harmful effect on stheg: a diseas attacks her brain疾病侵袭了她的大脑。n 袭击，批评，（疾病）发作，（情感的）突发 eg : an attack of nerves 突然紧张不安4. equal v equal-equalled/equaled-equalled/equaled adj (数量，大小，价值等)相同的，相等的 eg：There is an equal number of boys and girls in this class.这个班男女生人数相等。 He found two pieces of wood equal in length/of equal length. 他找到了两块长度一样的木头。 (权利，机会等)平等的，同等的 eg：Men and women enjoy equal pay for equal work. 男女同工同 Everyone has a desire for a more equal society.人们都有对更平等社会的向往。 be equal to sth (力气，勇气，能力等)相当的，能胜任的，能应付的 eg: I am convinced that he is/proves equal to this challenge. 我确信他能应付这个挑战。 on equal terms with sb与（某人）处于平等的地位v (数量，大小，价值等)相等，等于 eg: A metre equals 39.38 inches.一米等于39.38英寸。 2x plus y equals 17. 2x+y等于17. 比得上，敌得过 eg：This achievement is unlikely ever to be equaled/equaled.这一成就后无来者。 With his last jump he equalled/equaled the world record.他最后一跳平了世界纪录。联想：equality平等 eg: social/sexual equality社会/男女平等5. escape v vi/vt 逃跑，逃脱 eg: He escaped from prison this morning.他今天从监狱里逃跑了。 As a child, she would often escape into a dream world of his own. 她小时候常常躲进自己的梦幻世界里。vt 避免，避开（不愉快或危险的事物） eg：She was lucky to escape punishment.她逃脱惩罚真是幸运。 He narrowly escaped being killed.他险些丧命。vt被忽视，未被注意 eg：Her name escaped me.我想不起他的名字。 It might have escaped your notice, but I am very busy at the moment. 或许你未注意到，我此刻忙得不可开交。 （气体，液体等）渗出，泄露 eg：Put a lid on to prevent heat escaping.盖上盖子以免热气跑了。 A groan escaped her lips.她不由自主地发出一声呻吟。 Some hairs escaped the bud.几根头发从发髻中滑出来了。n 逃脱，逃避，渗漏 eg：narrow escape九死一生 escape route逃跑线路eg：As soon as he turned his back, she would make her escape. 他一转身，她就逃跑。 For her, travel was an escape from the boredom of her everyday life. 对她来说，旅行是为了从乏味的日常生活中解脱出来。 Gradually, we realize an escape of gas.渐渐地，我们意识到有漏气。6. beg beg-begged-begged 乞讨，行乞 beg for sth/beg sth from sb eg：The children went from door to door begging for food.孩子们挨家挨户乞讨事食物。 恳求，哀求 beg to do sth beg (sb for sth) beg sth of/from sb eg: He wants to see them beg for mercy.他想看到他们求饶。 I managed to beg a lift from a passing mortorist.我设法求得一个开车路过的人让我搭车。 I beg to differ很抱歉，我不敢苟同 I beg your pardon请原谅；（没听清）请再说一遍联想：beggar乞丐，叫花子7. rewardv 回报，奖赏，给以报酬 reward sb with sth reward sb for (doing) sth eg: She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonous.她因自己的努力而得到一大笔奖金。 He started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile. 她开始给孩子唱歌，孩子则报以微笑。n 回报，奖赏，悬赏金 eg：a cash reward现金奖励 eg：A ￥20,000 reward has been offered for the return of the necklace. 悬赏2万元找寻项链。联想：award颁发（正式奖项等） eg：He was awarded the best actor. =He gained the award of the best actor.他获得最佳男演员奖。8.see明白，弄清 eg： I see what you mean.我明白你的意思了。 eg： Is he going to be better?- I dont know, well just have to wait and see. 他能好吗？-不清楚，我们只能等着瞧了。 认为，看待 eg： Try to see things from her point of view.设法从她的角度看问题。 经历，见证 eg：He has seen a great deal in his long life.他漫长的一生中经历了许多事。 eg:This stadium has seen/witnessed many football games.在这座体育馆举行了很多球赛。二：Phrase1. turn to 翻到页，转向eg：Please turn to page 22. 请翻到22面。 His thoughts turned to his dead wife.他想起了自己已故的妻子。 求助于eg: In the dark street, there was nobody to whom she could turn to.黑暗的街上她没有可以求助的人。联想：turn sb/sth down拒绝（某人，建议，邀请等） turn up出现，把（声音）调大 turn sb away把拒之门外，把打发走 turn (sb/sth) around(使)转身，（使）翻转；（使经济，企业等）好转，有起色 turn off关上（开关等）；拐弯，换道 turn over翻身，翻转，移交 _ 原来是，结果；生产；关掉；（一群人）在场2. set up设立，设置，安装eg: to set up roadblocks设置路障 to set up a stereo安装音响建立，创办 eg：to set up a fund设立基金 set up a business创办公司安排，策划：eg：Ive set up a meeting for Friday.我已安排好星期五开会。set sb up资助 eg: A bank loan helped to set him up in business.他靠一笔贷款做起了生意。 set (oneself) up (as sb) 立业，开始从事 eg：After leaving college, he set himself up as a lawyer.大学毕业后，他干起了律师。3.out of work 失业out of 从（某个数目）中 eg：Two out of three people think the President should resign.三分之二的人认为总统应辞职。缺乏，没有 eg：Were out of luck.我们不走运。 Were out of milk.我们没牛奶了。 脱离，不在状态 eg：Hell get out of the army in a