主谓一致(学生).doc

主谓一致一语法一致v 他是个诚实的人。v 他年轻时当过医生。v 你正是我要找的人。v 我瞥了一眼房子，注意到房子已很古旧了。v 我估计你们这些人的境遇都很不错。v 这么说，你们全都要去杭州度假。你们可真运气！v 车子被发现扔在村子附近。v 任何黑色的物体都能吸收照射到它上面的大部分光线。v 他正凝神遐想，别人叫了他两边才吱声答应。v 我们从来不相信合成橡胶比天然橡胶好。v 破折号用来附加事后想到的内容。v 他将赎回自己的财产。v 我什么时候才能知道体检结果。v 我不知道是否能来得及赶上火车。v 他们不理解他的办事方式。v 如果你让他给抓住，那就有你受的了。二、逻辑一致v The family (be) a happy one.v 那是个幸福的家庭。v My family (be) all tall.v 我的家人个子都很高大。v The recent statistics on marriage (be) interesting.v 最近关于婚姻情况的统计资料挺有意思。v Statistics (be) not as difficult as some people think.v 统计学并不像某些人想象的那么难。v Ethics (deal) with moral conduct.v 伦理学是研究道德行为的。v The ethics of his decision (be) doubtful.v 他那决定中的道德准绳值得怀疑。v Fifty students for a class the utmost limit.v Two hours the time limit for the examination.v ten dollars a big sum to him?v Over sixty percent of the land ruined by the flood.v About two-thirds of the students from Asia.v A knife and fork needed when one is eating.v A cart and horse what he needed to carry himself away.v This bread and butter too thick.v A watch and chain given to him by his father as a birthday present.v A rod and line needed for angling.v The deaf and dumb (need) special help.v The rich not always happy.v 28divided by 4 7.v 11 minus 4 (leave) 7.v Everybody initiates and (receive) messages in some form or other.v Nevertheless, none of the scientists on the scene prepared for the awesome scale of the events that soon followed.v There nothing I should enjoy more.v There nobody there.v Each of them to pay his own fine.三、毗邻一致v Not only Henry but also his friends unequivocally apposed to the compromise.v Either my brother or his friends going.v Neither the girls nor John to blame.v Cash or bills accepted here in this store.Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the cones that fit him or her. 四、特殊情况总结：第一、谓语动词用单数的情况：1动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。 如： Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the cones that fit him or her. 2. 表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数 如：Two weeks was too long .Five times five makes twenty five. 3. 表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词以及表示国家、组织等名称的专有名词是复数形式，作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式 arthritics关节炎 statistics统计学 measles 麻疹 phonetics 语音学 optics 光学 genetics 遗传学 General Motors 通用公司 the Netherlands 荷兰 the New York Times 纽约时报 the United Nations 联合国 4. a pair of + 由两部分构成的物体的名词（如：shoes, scissors, glasses, jeans, pants, trousers 等）做主语时，谓语动词用单数。 如： My new pair of pants is being altered. 我的一条短裤正在被修改。 A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 现在配一副眼镜要花很多钱。但是这些名词直接作主语时，谓语用复数。 My black trousers have worn out. 我的黑裤子已经穿破了。第二、谓语动词用复数的情况：1 由and, both and, 连接的并列主语，和both ,a few, many ,several 等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式 Eg：Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college. 2. 集体名词police, public, militia, cattle ,class ,youth后常用复数形式的动词 Eg：The Chinese people are brave and hardworking. The cattle are grazing in the sunshine .3. 当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语，谓语动词用复数形式 如： The Japanese were once very aggressive 4. 不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数 如： Three million tons of coal were exported that year.第三、谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数的情况 1 就近一致原则 这种情况下，谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数，存在这种情况的主要由以下几种可能： 1） 由连词 eitheror; neithernor; whether or;not onlybut (also) ;or 等连接的并列主语 如：Neither money nor fame has influence on me .Not only you but also he is wrong .2） 在倒装结构中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语一致 如：Blocking the open-sided porch, framed by the enveloping fog, stands a tall grave-faced policeman. Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.2 主语带有（together/along）with, such as，accompanied by, as well as, no less than, except, besides, with, combined with, in addition to , including, together with 等等附加成分，谓语的数不受附加成分的影响仍然与主语保持一致 Eg： Professor Taylor , with six of his students ,is attending a conference in Boston organized to compare current practice in the United States with those of other nations. The president of the college, together with the deans, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations. 3. 某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数 第一组： a great many + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数 a number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数 the majority of + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数 第二组； the number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数 each/every + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数 neither/either of + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数 one and a half + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数 第三组； more than one + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数 many a + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数 第四组； the greater part of a large proportion of 50% of one third of plenty