名词性从句讲义.doc

中小学个性化教育专家精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义教学内容名词性从句1. 名词性从句种类及作用种类作用例句主语从句相当于名词，在复合句中做主句的主语（其位置一般在谓语动词之前，但多数情况用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后，）That the earth goes around the sun is known to all.(= It is known to all that the earth goes round the sun.)地球绕太阳转是众所周知的。When and where he was born is a secret. 他生于何时何地是个谜。It is certain that she will do well in her exam.可以肯定她会考得很好。表语从句相当于名词，在复合句中做主句的表语，位于主句的系动词之后。That is why I didnt come yesterday. 那就是我昨天没来的原因。The question is whether he will come or not. 问题是他是否来不来。宾语从句相当于名词，在复合句中做主语的宾语。He asked me whom I was waiting for. 他问我在等谁。Could you tell me if Mr. Li lives here? 你能告诉我李先生是否住在这？同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词后（如news, promise, idea, suggestion, fact, problem, advice, thought, truth, belief, message, hope, order等），用以说明其具体内容。The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. 我们球队赢得了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。（不缺任何成分）You have no idea how worried she was!你不知道她是多么担忧啊！2. 引导词的种类及作用主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句作及物动词宾语作介词宾语连接词that一般不省略可以省略 一般不省略一般不省略一般不省略whether/if(是否）放在句首时只用whether用whether/if 均可，但有区别只用whether只用whether只用wether连接代词who, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever 注意语序要用陈述语序连接副词how, when, where, why, wherever 注意语序要用陈述语序 3. 使用名词性从句应注意事项 注意事项病句分析（1）所使用的名词性从句，应是主、谓成分完整的句子，且从句不能用逗号和主句分开。It looked as if were going to rain.()(此表语从句中缺少主语it)(2) 应是“主语+谓语”陈述语序，不可倒装Do you know what is it? ()(此句应是it is 陈述语序才对。）（3）从句中一定有关联词与主句相连，特别是that 在主语从句、同位语从句或表语从句中不可省略。The man said id right. ()(主语从句前缺少一个连接词what与主句相连。）（4） 用it可作形式宾语和形式主语。A) 在see, make, find, hear, think等动词之后，常用it作形式宾语，而宾语从句则放在补语之后；B) 作形式主语时常用句型是： It + be + 形容词+ that 从句 It + be + 名词 + that 从句 It + be + 过去分词+ that 从句 I made known to all that you were a thief. ()( known 前缺少形式宾语it.)Its clear you are wrong. ()( 形容词clear 后缺少引导词that.)4. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句定语从句区别（1） 阐明它前面的名词具体内容。The suggestion that we clean the room by turns is good.（我们轮流打扫房间的建议很好。）The news that he won a prize is true.（1） 现代它前面的名词的范围或补充一些情况The suggestion(that) he put forward at the meeting is good.(他在会上提出的建议很好。）The news (that) he told me is true.(2) 常用that引导，这个是连词，在从句中不做任何成分且不可省。（2）用关系代词或引导，它们在句中担当一个成分，如主语、宾语等。作宾语时，口语中常省略。（3）只有在内容方面可进一步阐明的名词（多为抽象名词）才能带同位语从句。（如news, promise, idea, suggestion, fact, problem, advice, thought, truth, belief, message, hope, order等）（3）几乎任何名词都可带定语从句。 . 1.（2011,22） Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B.What C.That D.Whom 2. (2010, 31) I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. A. who B. where C.what D.how 3.(2010,33) so