模块一Unit1Friendship.doc

Unit 1 Friendship单词拼写：1. She is 70 years old, and the skin has become_.2. It is a _ idea to play football all day without a break. 3. We usually use g_, such as waving, nodding our heads, to talk to people who is far away.4. To avoid this pollution disaster in the future, we should not_it anymore and please try to pay more attention to our atmosphere. 5. Thank you for your _ about the matter of the hawkers in Tak Tai Street. 6. The Smiths are tired of moving now and then and when they got to this little town of California, they finally _down.7. Most of the farmers in my hometown go out to work at dawn and get back at_.8. Unlike the grown-ups, most of the _ in middle schools are more sensitive than rational.9. Sorry, Im not so sure. If you could give me some_, perhaps I could know the answer.10. Oh, Sam, Im only having you on. No need to be _. said Frodo.Keys:1. loose 2. crazy 3. gesture 4. ignore 5. concern6. settled 7. dusk 8. teenagers 9. tips 10. upset用括号内的单词的正确形式填空：1. It would be _ to demand of a person who is lack of power of _ to become a detective. Thats one of the _ why I think he is more suitable to be a worker. (reason)2. Joanna is quite angry that she was _ by the boss in this task. But in fact I think if she thinks so, she is merely _ for she is completely in _ of this task. (ignore)3. No man can imagine the _ he got when he lost the game. In fact he was a _ . He had the ability to win, but he was forced to lost the game. It was _ for him. (suffer)4. All the members came to an _ that Kitty had an _ voice and that only when she _ to, should we ask someone else to represent our school to take part in the speech contest. (agree)5. The doctor asked the patient to be confident in his _ from the disease, for this kind of disease is _, and he was strong enough to _ from it soon. (recover)6. The new-born baby was an _ to the family. “And it brings some _ cost to the family.” _ the mother. (add)7. Though Tom and John are not very _, they can _ in sign language, which is a common method of _ between the blind. (communicate)8. Though Shella tried her best to win the praise of the master on _, she still failed it. She was so upset that she wandered in the street _. (purpose)9. As far as Im _, the accident is no _ of mine, but it _ my friend.10. The two _ claimed to be born in _, and that they knew no other language but _.Keys:1. unreasonable; reasoning; reasons 2. ignored; ignorant; ignorance3. sufferings; sufferer; insufferable 4. agreement; agreeable; disagreed5. recovery; recoverable; recover 6. addition; additional; added7. communicative; communicate; communication 8. purpose; purposelessly9. concerned; concern; concerns 10. Germans; Germany; German二）、短语习得、短语积累1. add up 把某物加起来2. get sth done 让某事被做3. calm down 安静下来；让某人安静下来4. be concerned about 关心；担心5. go through 经历；遭受；检查；讨论；被通过6. set down 放下；记下；让某人下车7. a series of 一系列8. to do with 处理9. on purpose 故意地；有目的地10. at dusk 黄昏时11. face to face 面对面12. no longer 不再13. take no notice of 不注意14. suffer from 受某事之折磨15. get tired of 对某事感到厌烦16. have trouble with 做某事有麻烦17. at the moment 目前；现在18. get along with 与某人相处19. fall in love with 爱上某人20. make friends with 与某人交朋友、从上面列举的短语中选择适当的，填入下面的空格中： 1. When you _ these number, you will see how many points you have got. 2. Although he is 20 years old now, he still _living alone. 3. Because he _ of what the teacher said, he didnt know what he should do. 4. When John and his wife had some arguments, they would sat down together and discuss the problem _. 5. Sorry. I didnt mean to hurt you _. I had wanted to throw at the dog. 6. Our parents _us all the time while we children seldom take care of them. 7. He was too scared and didnt know what _ the accident. 8. At the first sight the boy _ the pretty girl although he didnt know whether she loved him. 9. You are _ a little baby. You must learn to look after yourself now. 10. I _ too many bad lucks. I dont care to have one more.Keys:1. add up 2. has trouble with 3. took no notice of 4. face to face5. on purpose 6. are concerned about 7. to do with 8. fell in love with9. no longer 10. have gone through三）、重点句型、重点句型1. But your friend cant go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.（P1） not.until句型：“直到才”，主句动词一般需要用短暂性动词，如：finish, hand in, die, go, begin等等。举一反三：notuntil可以变化为更加地道的英语句型：Not untildid/will sb do sthIt was/is not untilthat sb did/will do sth即时强化练习：用not until翻译下列句子，每句至少用三种句式。、 直到我去到百货商店我才发现没带钱包。I didnt find out that I forgot to bring my wallet until I got to the department store.Not until I got to the department store did I find out that I forgot to bring my wallet.It was not until I got to the department store that I found out I forgot to bring my wallet.、 直到她的先生消失在她的视线范围之外，她才痛哭失声。She didnt burst out into tears until her husband went out of sight.Not until her husband went out of sight did she burst out into tears.It was not until her husband went out of sight that she burst out into tears.2. It /This/That is (was) the first/second/third/last time that某人第一（二，三，最后等）次做某事在此句型中，若主句时态是一般现在时，即以is，以that引导的定语从句常用现在完成时态。若主句时态是一般过去时，即用was，以that引导的定语从句常用过去完成时态。This is the first time that I have ever enjoyed this kind of food.这是我第一次吃这种食品。It was the third time that he had been informed of the change of the meeting.这是他第三次被告知会议作了改变。即时强化练习：翻译下列句子：1、 那已经是我第五次离开家到广州去学习。That was the fifth time that I had left for Guangzhou for study.2、 这是我第一次有机会跟你们面对面地交流。This is the first time that I have had the chance to talk with you face to face.二、目标解读1. Ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.(P1)calm v. & adj.(1) vt.使平静，使镇静The nurse calmed the little boy by giving him some candy.保育员给那小男孩一些糖果，使他安静了下来。He took a deep breath to calm himself. 他深吸了一口气以使自己平静下来。(2) vi. 平静下来，镇静下来The excited football fans calmed down at last.激动的足球迷最终平静了下来。(3) adj. （心境）平静的，镇静的，沉着的; (天气)平静无风的；（时代）和平安宁的The sea was calm after the storm.经过这场风暴后，大海平静下来了。After the storm it became calm again.暴风雨过后，天气又恢复了平静无风。He was calm when I told him the bad news. 当我告诉他这个坏消息时，他很平静。辨析：calm, quiet, still与silentcalm 平静的，沉着的。指无风浪的或人心情不激动的。quiet 平静的，安静的。指不吵闹的或心境不烦躁的。still 静止的，不动的。指（人体等）不运动的。silent 沉默的，缄口的，寂静的。指不讲话或没有声音的。拓展：calm down 平静下来，镇定下来The crying child soon calmed down.哭闹的小孩不一会就安静下来了。It was difficult to calm down the football fans.要使足球迷们平静下来是有困难的。(注意：前例句的calm是不及物动词，后例句的calm是及物动词。)【即境活用】用calm, quiet, still和silent的正确形式填空1) Facing such a problem, he still kept _.2) Please be _. I have something to tell you.3) In the _ night, you can hear your own heart beat.4) Please stand _, or you will get hurt more seriously.Keys: 1) calm 2) quiet 3) silent 4) still2. Add up your score and see how many points you get.add vt. & vi. 增加：添加；（数字等）加（起来）；补充说Add more hot water, please. 请多加点热水。If you add 4 to 3, youll get 7. 四加三得七。Add up these figures, please. 请把这些数字加起来。I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result. 我还要补充说一下，我们对测试结果表示满意。派生词：addition n. 增加，附加物；adder n. 计加法器词汇网络：与add 有关的词组： add sth. to sth. 把加到（进） add to(=increase)增加The news added to his anxiety.这个消息增添了他的忧虑。 add up to共计（无被动语态）；意味着，等于说My income adds up to no more than 1 000 yuan a month.我每月的收入总共才1000元。 add sth. up/ together把加起来，合计He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up all the weights. 他把每一块石头的重量记下来，然后把所有的重量加在一起。【即境活用】用add up, add to 和add up to 的正确形式填空1) I hope what I said will not _ your misunderstanding towards me.2) Would you please help me _ the scores of all the students?3) All the expenses _, you will get 200.4) The number of the students in this school _ some 1000.Keys: 1) add to 2) (to) add up 3) added up 4) adds up to3. Tell your friend that you concern about him/her.concern v. & n.vt. to have sth. to do with or relate to 涉及，关系到（一般不用于被动时态）This concerns the healthy growth of children deeply.这事对孩子们的健康成长关系极大。vt.使担心（挂念），使忧虑（常用于被动语态）Were rather concerned about fathers health.我们相当担心父亲的健康。n. 所关切的事，关心，担心，担忧Its no concern of mine.这事与我无关。His mothers only concern was how to make him study even harder.他妈妈心里想的全是如何使他学习更刻苦。拓展：有关concern 的短语还有： with concern 关切地 show concern for sb. 对某人表示关心 have no concern for 毫不关心 as/so far asbe concerned 就而言 of much concern 很重要，很有关系 of no concern无关紧要，没有意义 it is no concern of mine/yours. 这不关我（你）的事。拓展：be concerned about (for) 关心，挂念We are all concerned for (about) her safety.我们大家都担心着她的安全。我们需要注意，在这里从中文角度考虑，应该是主动，但是英语中却必须用被动，类似这样常用被动来表示中文的主动意义的词组还有：be associated with与联合、联系be attached to附加于、隶属于be based on以为基础be composed of由组成be connected with与连结、连接be divorced from和某人离婚be educated from从学校等毕业be employed in从事于be engaged to和某人订婚be exposed to暴露于，面临于be faced with面对be fed up吃得过饱，对极其厌倦be honored withto-be（phr） 被授予；因做而感到荣幸be involved in卷入、陷入；专心于be married to和某人结婚be prepared to do sth 准备好了去做某事be rooted in扎根于be set in 以为背景be used toving（phr）习惯于be hidden in 藏在某地be dressed in 穿着be seated 坐在另外还有表示情感情绪的动词，当表示“感到”时，用过去分词，这类动词有：amazed，amused, annoyed，astonished，concerned，confused，delighted，disappointed，discouraged, disgusted，distressed，excited，frightened，interested, irritated，moved，pleased, puzzled，relieved，shocked，touched。【即境活用】1. 完成句子 Dont interfere in what doesnt _ (关系到)you. He was _ the crime. (他与那起罪案有牵连)【答案】（1）concern (2) concerned in2. 用括号中的动词填空(1) _(face) with such a difficult situation, he didnt step back.(2) _(face) such a difficult situation, he didnt step back.(3) After a whole days work, she sat on the rock, _(tire) out.【答案】（1）Faced (2) Facing (3) tired4. It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face. (P2)face to face 面对面地，类似的“名词+介词+名词”的结构还有：hand in hand，手牵手地arm in arm 手挽手地，side by side 肩并肩地mouth to mouth 嘴对嘴地back to hack背靠背地，背对背地，一个接一个，连续地；see eye to eye看法完全相同，完全同意，面对面看着(与see连用)；face to face面对面地，当面地，对立地；front to front面对面地；hand to hand短兵相接地，逼近地，肉搏地；head to head头对头地，面对面地，促膝地，交头接耳地；heart to heart开诚布公地，心连心地，贴心地，推心置腹地，坦率地，诚恳地；knee to knee膝靠着膝地，促膝地；man to man 个人对个人地，一对一地，人盯人地，私下地，坦率地，真诚地；nose to nose面对面地，迎面(相遇)；shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地，齐心协力地，互助，一致，团结；5. I stayed awake on purpose. (P2)stay vi. & link v.vi. 停留；逗留The doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. 医生告诉他，他还得在医院住两个星期。link v.保持，持续不变How can you stay so cool and calm after such a hot argument?这样一场激烈的争论过后，你怎么还能保持如此冷静沉着呢？提示：作连系动词用的stay 相当于keep, 后接作表语的名词或形容词。此时stay 不能用于被动语态和进行时态中。拓展：系动词的分类记忆：“变化”类：become，turn, go, get, grow, fall, run, come“感官”类：feel, smell, taste, look, sound“显现”类：look, appear, seem“状态”类：keep, stay, remain, stand, sit, proveon purpose 故意地；有意地；有目的地I dont think he did it on purpose, for he is really a kind person.我认为他不是故意这样做的，因为他真的是一个好人。on在这里表示处于某种状态或在某个方位，类似的短语还有：on board乘（车,飞机）, on call听候召唤, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire着火, on foot步行， on guard在岗， on hire雇用，on holiday度假， on leave休假， on ones knees跪下,on ones way在的路上,on purpose故意, on sale待售， on shore在岸上, on time准时, on the move行动, on the other hand另一方面, on the spot当场, on the tip of ones tongue快要说出口, on top of在的顶部， on watch值班。6. Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you. (P2) reason n. & v.n. C, U原因，理由，动机，理性，理智The reason why (that) she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。提示：reason后的定语从句的引导词是关系副词why 或that，也可以省略。I have a good reason for doing that =I have a good reason to do that.我那样做是有充分的理由的。提示：reason 后的定语常是介词短语for (doing) sth., 或不定式to do sth.拓展：for this (that) reason 因为这个那个原因 by reason of由于，因为vt. & vi.推理，推究，劝说We reasoned that he was lying.我们推断他在说谎。Finally I reasoned him into /out of accepting the invitation. 最终我说服他接受（拒绝）邀请。辨析：reason 与causereason 侧重指做某事的理由；cause指导致不良后果的起因。-Whats the reason for your absence? 你为什么缺席？-The reason for it is that the traffic was heavy.我缺席的原因是交通拥挤。The cause of the big fire was his carelessness. 大火的起因是他的粗心大意。派生词: reasonable adj. 合情合理的；reasonably adv. 合情合理地；reasoned adj. 合乎逻辑的【即境活用】用reason, cause 填空 She didnt give any _ for leaving. The police are investigating the _ of the explosion. What was the _ for his resignation?【答案】（1）reason (2) cause reason词汇规律步步高：dusty:以y结尾的形容词bloody, dirty, healthy, juicy, muddy, lucky, funny, shabby, snowy, thirsty, windy, sunny, rainy, cloudy, misty, stormy, foggy, icy, noisy, dusty, hilly, starry, salty, rosy 三、能力培养1、 词义辨析练习1) be good at; be good to; be good forIm _ English and Im also _everyone, which I think will be _ my future.【答案】good at; good to; good for2) calm; quiet; silent; still（1） After the storm the sea became _ again.（2） Keep _. The photographer is ready.（3） Your father needs peace and _ because hes studying.（4） Dont remain _ on bad behaviors.【答案】（1）calm 暴风雨之后海面不可能静止不动，所以不能用still，也不可能寂静无声（silent），而quiet表示几乎没有声音，所以这里用calm表示风平浪静。(2) still 要照相了，不是不要吵了，而是别动了，所以用still。(3)quietness 在学习，因此需要“安静”，跟peace这个名词相对应，所以应该用名词形式quietness。(4)silent 面对不良行为，不要保持“缄默”3) add up; add to; add up to(1) Five _ seven makes twelve.(2) The pupil is too young to _ these figures.(3) The amount of money he gets from the factory a month _ no more than 500 yuan.【答案】(1) added to 5加上7等于12。这里added to作为定语修饰five，表示被动的意义“被加到”。(2) add up 把这些数字加起来(3) adds up to “加起来等于多少”2、根据课文内容，用适当的词或短语填空。Because the German Nazis were catching the Jews, Annie and her family had to _1_ in Amsterdam for over two years _2_ they were discovered. During that time Annie didnt want to just _3_ a series of facts in her diary, she treated it her best friend. In her diary on 15th June, 1944, she wrote that she were _4_ about everything _5_ the nature, like the flowers, songs of the birds, the blue sky and etc. But in fact, she couldnt enjoy all these, for they were afraid to be found. So _6_have a look at the moonlight, one evening, she stayed awake _7_; but she didnt dare to open the window because the moon gave out far _8_ light. Until one rainy, dark night, she had the chance to see the night _9_. Most of the time she could only look at the nature through dirty curtains. She thought it was _10_looking through those any longer.Keys:1. hide away 2. before 3. set down 4. crazy 5. to do with6. in order to 7. on purpose 8. too much 9. face to face 10. no pleasure3、课文语法填空（课文节选）Do you want a friend _1_ you could tell everything_2_, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh _3_you, or would not understand what you are going _4_? Anne Frank liked the _5_ kind, _6_ she made her diary her best friend. Anne _7_ (live) in _8_ Netherlands during World War II, her family was _9_(Jew) so they had to hide _10_ they would be caught by the German Nazis.Keys:1. who/whom/that 2. to 3. at 4. through 5. first6. so 7. lived 8. the 9. Jewish 10. or4、完形填空 Several years ago, well-known writer and editor Norman Cousins became very ill. His body ached and he felt constantly tired. It was difficult for him to even 1_ around. His doctor told him that he would lose the ability to move and eventually die from the disease. He was told he had only a 1 in 500 chance of survival._2 the diagnosis（诊断）， Cousins was determined to overcome the disease and survive. He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which discussed the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative 3 . The book made Cousins think about the possible 4_ of positive attitudes and emotions. He thought, “Is it possible that love, hope, faith, laughter, confidence, and the 5 to live have positive treatment value?”He decided to concentrate on positive emotions as a way to treat some of the symptoms of his disease. In addition to his traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations that would 6 positive emotions. “Laugh therapy” became part of his treatment. He 7 time each day for watching comedy films, reading humorous books, and doing other activities that would draw out 8_ emotions. Within eight days of starting his “laugh therapy” program his pain began to 9 and he was able to sleep more easily. He was able to return to work in a few months time and 10 reached complete recovery after a few years.1. A. run B. pass C. move D. travel2. A. Besides B. Despite C. Without D. Beyond3. A. attitudes B. beliefs C. goals D. positions4. A. shortcoming B. harm C. benefit D. affect5. A. emotion B. pain C. fear D. will6. A. bring about B. set about C. put up D. make up7. A. afforded B. appointed C. offered D. arranged8. A. positive B. approving C. strong D. mixed9. A. escape B. decrease C. shrink D. end10. A. generally B. especially C. actua