课件：职业健康与安全的管理.ppt

Managing occupational health and safety. Improvement of working conditions as part of a business strategy 职业健康与安全的管理。 将改进劳动条件作为商业策略的一部份,Ingrid Steen Malt, adviser NHO - Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry 挪威工商总会 项目主管 魏籁森, Why OSH? 为什么要提职业安全与健康？ The management approach: Cooperation and involvement 管理方法：合作与参与 OSH in Norway 挪威的职业安全与健康 The working environment Act: Continious and systematic improvement 劳动环境法：连续而有系统的改进 Internal Control and Systematic cooperation 内部监控与系统性合作,Presentation: 介绍：,OSH - why is it important? 职业安全与健康-这为什么重要？,The ethical side no one should have their health harmed at work 道德标准-职工健康不应在工作中受到损害 Company development unhealthy companies do not run well 企业发展 - 不健康的企业经营不良 less attractive on the labour marked 在劳工市场上缺乏吸引力 demotivated workforce 工人失去动力 less systematic approach weaker effciency 管理方法缺乏系统 - 削弱效益,OSH - why is it important? 职业安全与健康-这为什么重要？,3. competition 竞争 comsumers and business partners demand a healthy production 消费者和商业夥伴对健康的生产提出要求 4. business economy - accidents and illness costs money 企业经济 - 事故和疾病都导致支出 production loss and reduced quality 生产受到损失 absence from work 缺勤 administration costs 管理费用 insurance costs 保险费用 brand image and public opinion品牌形像和公众舆论,OSH - why is it important? 职业安全与健康-这为什么重要？,5. national economy - accidents and illness costs money 国家经济 - 事故和疾病都导致支出 loss of production force 生产力的损失 medical treatment 医疗 pensions/disabilities 退休金/残疾 Good health makes good business! 良好的健康建筑起良好的企业！ Keep healthy workers healthy! 维护健康的工人的身体健康！,The Norwegian management approach 挪威式的管理方法,Strategy 战略 Focus 重点 Cost-reduction 降低成本 Cooperation 合作 Involvement 参与,inner motivitation 内在动力 responsibility 责任,Acts法律,Regulations 规章条例,Guidelines 指导方针,Laws and regulations 法规,Basic agreement 基本协议,Branch Agreements 行业协议,Local agreements 基层协议,Agreements 协议,Enterprise 企业,Parliament,Ministry,Directorate,Enterprise parties,Confederations,Branch parties,国会,部,局,双方全国联合会,行业内双方,企业内双方,Physical and chemical Factors 物理和化学因素,Organisation of work and relations 工作与关系的结构,The individual tasks 个人的任务,Consequenses in everyday work 日常工作影响到 health 健康 well-being 身心愉快,Long term effects 长期努力 -health 健康 learning and personal development 学习和人员开发,Employees direct and indirect participation 职业的直接和间接参与,Basic employment rights 基本的职工权益,Working environment and health 劳动环境与健康,Organisation of work and risk assessment 组织工作和风险评估,1. Persons versus persons do they collaborate well? 人相对于人- 他们合作得好不好？ 2. Persons versus machinery and working speed 人相对于机器和工作速度 3. The individual versus the organisation 个人相对于组织 4. Lack of information 缺乏信息 5. Lack of communication 缺乏交流 6. Conflicts 矛盾,Accidents and injuries in Norwegian companies 挪威企业中的事故和工伤 绿色 每百万职工中工伤身亡事例数 红色导致死亡事故个例数 蓝色1000职工中汇报工伤事例数 黄色1000职工中经调查发现事故数,Lost workdays due to absenteeism 由於缺勤而损失的工作日 2001-2004年每个季度由於16-69岁的职工自报病假和医生开病假而损失的工作日， 占其约定工作日数的百分比,挪威全国,目标：减少20%,Acts法律,Regulations 规章条例,Guidelines 指导方针,Laws and regulations 法规,Basic agreement 基本协议,Branch Agreements 行业协议,Local agreements 基层协议,Agreements 协议,Enterprise 企业,Parliament,Ministry,Directorate,Enterprise parties,Confederations,Branch parties,国会,部,局,双方全国联合会,行业内双方,企业内双方,The working environment Act 劳动环境法,objective: no damages to health, stimulating work 目的：不损害健康，具有激励性的工作 employer is responsible for conditions of work 雇主对工作条件负责 employees entitled and obliged to participate 职工参与的权利与义务 continous improvement 不断的改进,The working environment Act 劳动环境法,The employer shall make sure that: 雇主应当对以下作出保障： the work is planned and organized in such way that no risk of accidents or health hazards occur 对工作进行恰当规划组织，从而使事故和危害健康的风险 不至于发生 physical and psychological working environment strain are mapped and assessed 确认和评估劳动环境所造成的生理和心理压力 measures to reduce working environment strain and health hazards are implemented 采取措施减轻劳动环境造成的压力和对健康造成的危害,The working environment Act 劳动环境法,The employer shall make sure that: 雇主应当对以下作出保障： employees who lead and supervise other employees have the necessary knowledge of OSH-work 领导和监管其他员工的雇员应当具有必要的职业安全与 健康的知识 employees are given the necessary training and information 员工应当得到必要的培训和信息 employee participation is guaranteed 确保员工的参与,The working environment Act 劳动环境法,The employee shall contribute to ensure a good working environment. The employee has: 雇员应当为保障良好的劳动环境出力。雇员应当： to co-operate with the employer on working environment and safety measures 在劳动环境与安全措施方面与雇主配合 to live up to the routines and rules. An employees failure to observe safety instructions may constitute a basis for temination of employment 遵守规章制度。雇员违反安全指令的行为可作为终止雇佣关系的理由。,The working environment Act 劳动环境法,The employee has:雇员 the responsibility to follow up necessary training 有责任接受必要的培训 to warn the employers representative, the safety delegates or an union representative if dangerous situations occur in the working environment 应在劳动环境中发生危险情况时通知雇主代表，安全事务代表或者工会代表,Employers 雇主,Top management 最高管理层,Supervisors监督者,Commitees for cooperation 合作事务委员会,Work enviroment commitee 劳动环境事务 委员会,Employees雇员,Main safety delegate 安全事务总代表,Workers 工人,Safety delegates 安全事务代表,Health and safety advisors 职业健康与安全事务顾问,Physisians全科医生,H & S Engineers 职业健康与安全事务工程师,Internal Control Regulations 内部监控制度,Establish a system of cooperation建立合作的制度 Implement methods for systematic improvements 采用系统性改进的方法,启动,辨别问题/获取概观,规划和分等,跟踪,Internal control entails that the enterprise shall: 内部监察制度使企业有必要做到以下几点：,1. ensure that those Acts and regulations in the field of health, environmental and safety legislation that apply to the enterprise are accessible, and have an overview of requirements of particular importance for the enterprise. 与企业活动相关的职业健康，环境和安全的法规要做到人人皆知，并明确对本企业特别重要的有关要求和规定 2. ensure that the employees have sufficient knowledge of and proficiency in systematic health, environmental and safety activities, including information on changes made 保证员工在系统化的职业健康，环境和安全工作中有充分的知识和熟练的技巧，并了解有关变动。 3. ensure employee participation so as to utilise overall knowledge and experience 保证员工参与，以充分利用整体知识和经验。 4. establish health, environmental and safety objectives 建立职业健康，环境和安全工作的目标,Internal control entails that the enterprise shall: 内部监察制度使企业有必要做到以下几点：,5. have an overview of the enterprises organisational set-up, including allocation of responsibilities, duties and authority in regard to the work on health, the environment and safety 设立企业组织结构图，明确职业健康，环境和安全工作的责任，义务和权力的分配情况。 6. identify dangers and problems and against this background assess risks; draw up appurtenant plans and measures to reduce such risks找出危险因素和问题，并由此评估风险；制定减少这类风险的附属计划和措施。 7. implement routines to uncover, rectify and prevent breaches of requirements established in or pursuant to the health, environmental and safety legislation建立规章制度来发现，纠正和防止违反有关立法中的或根据立法所制定的规则的行为。 8. carry out systematic surveillance and reviews of the internal control system to ensure that it functions as intended 对内部监察制度的运作进行系统调研审核，以保障其正当实施。,Internal Control Regulations 内部监控制度,高风险,低风险,少量劳动力,大量劳动力,简单,更广泛,Internal Control Regulations 内部监控制度,Managers are responsible for: 就健康，环境和安全事务活动的开展 经理要对以下负责： taking initiative 发起 providing motivation 提供动力 laying the basis for introduction为启动打下基础 - and follow-up of 并跟踪督促 health, environmental and safety activities,Internal Control Regulations 内部监控制度,Employees and their representatives must: 雇员和他们的代表必须： participate in p