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33. (26233-!-item-!-188;#058&002541)More than 300 rivers drain into Siberias Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the worlds freshwater, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined. (A) More than 300 rivers drain into Siberias Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the worldsfresh water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.(B) With 20 percent of the worlds fresh water, that is more than all the North American GreatLakes combined, Siberias Lake Baikal has more than 300 rivers that drain into it.(C) Siberias Lake Baikal, with more than 300 rivers draining into it, it holds more of the worldsfresh water than all that of the North American Great Lakes combined, 20 percent.(D) While more than 300 rivers drain into it, Siberias Lake Baikal holds 20 percent of the worlds fresh water, which is more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.(E) More than all the North American Great Lakes combined, Siberias Lake Baikal, with morethan 300 rivers draining into it, holds 20 percent of the worlds fresh water. 考点:比较（Comparison）简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）1)限定性从句和非限定性从句:限定性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定作用,与先行词有着不可分割的联系,它的前面通常没有逗号;非限定性定语从句与它的先行词之间只有比较松散的关系,通常用逗号将它与主句隔开2)比较的双方必须概念对等(A)正确,非限定定语从句which holds就近修饰Lake Baikal; more than all the作为20 percent of the worlds fresh water的同位语,意思清晰,结构简单(B) that引导限定性定语从句前面不用逗号隔开,而此处去掉that从句并不影响原句的主要意思,因此应该用which引导的非限定性定语从句表明两者之间松散的逻辑关系,但即使改为which引导的非限定性定语从句,which也只能修饰fresh water仍然意思不对; has more than 300 rivers thatdrain into it表达笨拙,不如A的结构简单(C)去掉插入语with more than 300原句变成Siberias Lake Baikal it holds 20 percent it多余.后半句结构混乱.(D) while作为连词表示当的时候或者表示转折,而原句并没有这种逻辑关系; which引导的非限定性定语从句就近修饰fresh water,而从逻辑上应该修饰20 percent of the worlds fresh water(E)将Baikal和北美5大湖直接进行比较,概念不对等,应该是Baikal的水量和五大湖的水量进行比较.句子结构: More than 300 rivers drain., which holds fresh water, more than是否意味着 一部分 OF A + which，会有争议 因为which会指代A而不是 整体？ 而用同位语就不会出现这种歧义？63. (27740-!-item-!-188;#058&003625)Compared to those who do not, running three days a week saves an average of 14.1 percent onhealth-care costs each year in the United States.(A) Compared to those who do not, running three days a week saves(B) Compared with nonrunners, people who run three days a week save(C) Compared to not running, those running for three days a week save(D) When compared with those who do not, people running three days a week save(E) When compared to nonrunners, running three days a week savesA. running three days和those who do not (run)比较，比较对象不对等B. 正确。C. running与people比较，比较对象不对等。D. do not没有可指代的动作,因为后面是用现在分词running作定语,而不是people who run。E. nonrunners与running比较，比较对象不对等。句子结构：Compare with/to A, B saves.比较结构。其中，A为一种类型的人，即nonrunners，相应的，B为另一种类型的人，即每个星期固定跑三天步的人比较（Comparison）,有效用词（Diction）、指代一致（Agreement）1) compared to位于句首，被比较的对象即为句子主语。比较要求比较对象对等。Compared with/to都可以表示比较，GMAT不将二者区别作为考点。2) 助动词do在比较句的省略结构中必须有可指代的动词。Compared with/to都可以表示比较，GMAT不将二者区别作为考点。我怎么记得compare to 是比喻的意思？（一直这样做来着。没有过反例啊）李希强OG12 131里就有13. (25163-!-item-!-188;#058&001734)Unlike most severance packages, which require workers to stay until the last day scheduled tocollect, workers at the automobile company are eligible for its severance package even if theyfind a new job before they are terminated.(A) the last day scheduled to collect, workers at the automobile company are eligible for itsseverance package(B) the last day they are scheduled to collect, workers are eligible for the automobile companysseverance package(C) their last scheduled day to collect, the automobile company offers its severance package toworkers (D) their last scheduled day in order to collect, the automobile companys severance package is available to workers(E) the last day that they are scheduled to collect, the automobile companys severancepackage is available to workers 考点:平行对称（Parallelism）逻辑表达（Logical Predication）1)比较的双方要概念对等: unlike和like连接的比较双方一定概念对等(A) severance packages同workers概念不对等(B) severance packages同workers概念不对等(C) severance packages同the automobile company概念不对等(D)正确,比较双方概念对等,(E) are scheduled to collect的主语只能是packages，但they是指代workers，出现指代错误。另一种看法:从逻辑上 are scheduled to collect 修饰的是 day,而原句中修饰的是 they(works)不符合逻辑句 子 结 构 ; Unlike most severance packages, the automobile companys severance package原句所要表达的意思：the last day scheduled to collect, workers at the automobile company are eligible for its severance package，scheduled 是分词作 last day 的后置定语，就是公司给员工安排的最后一个工作日，意思是“终止日期”，packages 要在这一天 collect. 补充说明：1、severance pay/package：money or other things that you get when you have to leave a company because your employer no longer has a job for you2、schedule 的用法：常用被动，sth. be scheduled to3、该题曾是 GWD 争议题，在 DE 两选项之间争议。are scheduled to collect的主语只能是packages 我怎么觉得是be collected?130. (31416-!-item-!-188;#058&004490)Industrialization and modern methods of insect control have improved the standard of living aroundthe globe while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemicalpollutants, having gone virtually unregulated since they were developed more than 50 years ago.(A) while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants,having(B) while at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants that have(C) while they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time, andhave(D) but introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time that have(E) but at the same time introduce some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having句子结构：Industrialization and modern methods have improved while introducing 主语是Industrialization and modern methods，谓语是have improved，宾语是the standard，后跟时间状语从句while +现在分词，that引导定语从句修饰名词pollutants。考点：指代一致、句子结构指代一致，相同的代词在同一句子中指代对象必须一致，所以当出现两个选项一个有代词，一个没有代词，需要比较代词是否有指代错误或重复。句子结构1）while +现在分词表达时间状语的方式；2）出现 and 连接并列结构时要注意其语法上的并列对象与逻辑意思是否相符。(A)整个句子中的两个代词they指代对象不一致，划线部分they没有指代对象，未划线部分的they指代的是pollutants；having gone分词结构有作伴随状语修饰have introduced的歧义，而不是作pollutants的定语。(B)正确，while +现在分词结构表示“与同时”的含义；that引导定语从句修饰紧临的名词pollutants。(C)整个句子中的两个代词they指代对象不一致，原因与A选项相同；and have gone在语法上应该与主语谓语have improved并列，但在逻辑上应该是指pollutants，这种用法是错误的。(D) but +现在分词的用法错，而且but表达的是转折含义，原句并无此含义。(E) but表达了与原句不同的转折含义，having gone分词结构有作伴随状语修饰have introduced的歧义，而不是作pollutants的定语。补充说明：while的特殊用法In writing, people often use a non-finite clause beginning with while. For example, instead of writing “I often knit while I am watching TV.”, they write “I often knit while watching TV.”连词 while 引导时间状语从句，有时可有成分省略（通常是在从句与主句的主语相同时，也可以说连词引起一个单词或短语，如跟形容词、介词短语或现在分词等）。而 but 是没有这种用法的。再者，but 表示转折含义。135. (31742-!-item-!-188;#058&004710)At one time, the majestic American chestnut was so prevalent that it was said a squirrel could jumpfrom tree to tree without once touching the ground between New York State and Georgia.