初二英语形容词和副词的语法精讲.doc

- 1 - 初二英语形容词和副词的语法精讲 王春娟王春娟 杨凌高新中学杨凌高新中学 教学目标： 集中学习初中英语形容词与副词及比较级及最高级的用法。 教学内容： （一）形容词用法 1. 形容词可分为两大类：描绘形容词和限定形容词。描绘形容词是描写人或物的颜色、 尺寸、形状、性质、状态等的形容词。限定形容词用于限定被修饰词的数量、距离、所有 关系等。除了 these 和 those 外，形容词的单数与复数形式相同。 描绘形容词 beautiful, large, red, interesting, colourful important 限 定 形 容 词 基数词 (one, two) 序数词 (first, second) 物主代词 (my, your) 指示代词 (this, that, these) 数量词 (few, many) 冠 词 (a, an, the) 2. 形容词的位置 修饰语一般应置于被修饰语之前，但当几个形容词修饰同一名词时，其排列顺序一般 如下： 形容词性代词数量词描 绘 形 容 词 性质 尺寸 形状 新旧 温度 颜色国籍材料 all both the, a(n) this, that firstone goodlargeoldredChineseiron such your, some, many secondtwofinesmallhotblueEnglishstone Example: that strong young Chinese swimmer 注意：形容词前有 as, so, no, too, how 等词时，不定冠词应置于形容词之后。 She is too kind a girl to refuse. 在下列情况下，修饰语应置于被修饰的名词后： （1）名词之后的数量词名词old, long, wide 等。 a boy six years old, a street two kilometers long （2）为了加强语气或音调美，将描绘形容词置于名词之后。 He had a face thin and worn. （3）something, anything, everyone, anybody形容词。 Theres nothing wrong with the electric cooker. （4）作定语用的分词或形容词短语 The judge has talked to all the people involved. 所包含的(形式复杂的) 3. “数词名词”构成的形容词 （1）数词名词，如 a two-week tour, a ten-page report 等。 （2）数词名词形容词，如 a seven-year-old boy 等。 （3）名词（无冠词）基数词=the序数词名词，如 Unit 6=the Sixth Unit （4） “数量词复数名词”作主语，虽然是复数形式，但仍然用单数动词，作为一个 - 2 - 单位来表示。如果强调个别数，则须用复数动词。 Ten years is quite a long time to him. Two months have passed since I last heard from my parents. （二）副词 1. 副词的构成如下： （1）本身就是副词，如 very, now, there, quite 等. （2）有形容词后缀如-ly, 如 happily, carefully 等。 （3）有些副词与形容词同形，如 early, high, long, fast, hard 等。 注意：有些-ly 结尾的词不是副词而是形容词，如 manly, friendly, queenly(女王的 威严的,慷慨的)等。 2. 副词的位置 （1）修饰形容词和副词时，须放在被修饰词之前，如： The scenery around here is very beautiful. （2）always, never, often, sometimes, usually 等表示频率的副词在一般动词前，be 动词 后，有助动词时，在助动词和动词之间。 He usually gets up early, but he got up late today. I have never met him and I hope I will never meet him. （3）有两个以上不同种类的副词作修饰语时，其顺序为地点（小地点大地点）状 态次数时间（单位小的时间单位大的时间） 。 They arrived in Paris safely the other day. （4）seldom, rarely, never 等具有否定意义的频率副词置于句首时，助动词或 be 动词 须放在主语的前面（也叫倒装句） ，如： Never did I hear such a funny story. =I never heard such a funny story. 3. 几个特殊副词的用法 （1）enough 须置于所修饰的形容词和副词之后；too 须置于所修饰的形容词和副词之 前。 She speaks English well enough to be an interpreter 译员，口译者 Its too hot a day to work. 但 enough 修饰名词时须置于名词之前。 Have you got enough money for this microwave (微波) oven (烤炉，烤箱)? （2）too(for)不定式（to） ，作“太而不能”解；enough不定式，意思是 “足够可以” ，这一结构可转换成 sothat 结构。 The boy was still too young to go to school. He was so young that he could not go to school. The man is rich enough to buy a Roll-Royce. He is so rich that he can buy a Roll-Royce. （3）already 用于肯定句，作“已经”解；yet 用于否定句，作“还”解，用于疑问句 作“已经”解，still 作“仍然”解。 I have already seen the film. Have you seen the film yet? I still prefer tea to coffee. （4）随着 only 和 also 在句中位置的改变，句意和语气也会改变。 Only Mr. Li came to see me today. - 3 - Mr. Li came to see only me today. Mr. Li came to see me only today. （三）形容词的比较等级 形容词比较等级的规则变化如下表： 构 成 法原 级比较级最高级 1、单音节词末尾加-er 和-est伟大的 greatgreatergreatest 2、单音节词如以-e 结尾，只加-r 和-st brave 勇敢的 fine 好的 braver finer bravest finest 3、闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音 字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er 和-est big 大的 hot 热的 bigger hotter biggest hottest 4、少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble 结构的双音节词， 末尾加-er，和-est（以-y 结尾的词，如-y 前是辅音字母，则 y 变为 i，再加-er 和- est。以-e 结尾的词仍只加-r 和-st） happy 快乐的 clever 聪明的 narrow 狭窄的 able 能 happier cleverer narrower abler happiest cleverest narrowest ablest 5、其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单 词 more 和 most. difficult 困难的 more difficult most difficult （四）形容词比较等级部分不规则变化表 原 级比 较 级最 高 级 good well betterBest bad ill worseworst many much moreMost little few lessLeast far farther further farthest furthest old older elder oldest eldest late latter later last latest （五）形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法 形容词与副词都有三个比较等级。 （1）原级常用于“as原级as”结构。 He likes her as much as he likes his sister. 否定的原级用 not asas 或 not soas,二者一般无甚区别。 He does not smoke so heavily as his brother. （2）比较级常用于“比较级than”结构。 He is taller than me. - 4 - 否定比较与否定原级一样，也用 not as(so)as结构，也可用 lessthan 结构. This word is less frequent in British English than in American English. （3）两个人或物比较时，定冠词 the比较级表示最高级。 He is the taller of the two. （4）最高级常用于“the最高级比较范围”结构，比较范围为短语或从句。 It is the best picture in the hall. （5）含有否定词的比较级，如 no less than=as much(or many)as “不亚于” not less than=at least “至少” no lessthan =asas “和一样” not less原级than “至少不亚于” no morethan=notany more than “和一样不” not morethan=not soas “不像那样” no more than=only “只不过” ，言其少 not more than=at most “不多于” ， “至少” （6）表示“几倍于”用 twice（两倍） ，three times（三倍）asas, This book costs twice as much as the other one. （7）the比较级,the比较级, 意思是“越就越” ，如： The harder you work , the more you will learn. （8）比较结构之前可用程度状语加以修饰，如 asas 前可用 almost, nearly, just(about), quite 等词语修饰，如： John is almost as tall as his father. （9）在 more than 结构之前可用 far,(so)very much, (quite)a lot, a great deal, (just)a bit, still, far 等词语修饰，如： He speaks English a lot more rapidly than he does French. （10）比较级and比较级，作“越来越”解，如： The days are getting longer and longer. 当堂检测： 【典型例题典型例题】 一. 形容词与副词练习 1. He is a _ boy. ( good, well ) 2. These are _ classroom. ( bright, brightly ) 3. He is a _ man. ( real, really ) 4. He is _ a man. ( real, really ) 5. They are _ girls. ( careful, carefully ) keys: 1. good 2. bright 3. real 4. really 5. careful 6. They _ walked into the room. ( quiet, quietly ) 7. He is _ hurt. ( bad, badly ) 8. The man was _ ill. ( serious, seriously ) 9. _ the man wasnt badly hurt. ( lucky, luckily ) 10. They are carrying some _ boxes. ( heavy, heavily ) keys: 6. quietly 7. badly 8. seriously 9. Luckily 10. heavy 11. English is _ spoken in the world. ( wide, widely ) 12. Knives are _ used for cutting things. ( wide, widely ) - 5 - 13. Rice is _ grown in the south . ( main, mainly ) 14. He is a _ tall man. ( strong, strongly ) 15. He is _ ( careful, carefully ) keys: 11. widely 12. widely 13. mainly 14. strong 15. careful 16. He writes _. ( careful, carefully ) 17. He feels _.( happy, happily ) 18. He lives _. ( happy, happily ) 19. It rained _ last night. ( heavy, heavily ) 20. The rain was _.( heavy, heavily ) keys: 16. carefully 17. happy 18. happily 19. heavily 20. heavy 21. It blew _ yesterday. ( strong, strongly ) 22. The sun is shining _. ( bright, brightly ) 23. They are working _. ( happy, happily ) 24. He got _. ( angry, angrily ) 25. Things turn _ .( bad, badly ) keys: 21. strongly 22. brightly 23. happily 24. angry 25. bad 26. Lucy was as _ as me. ( careful , carefully ) 27. Lucy wrote as _ as me. ( careful, carefully ) 28. He cleaned the room as _ as Lily. ( quick, quickly ) 29. He runs as _ as me .( slow, slowly ) 30. How _ the sun shone! ( bright, brightly ) keys: 26. careful 27 carefully 28. quickly 29. slowly 30. brightly 31. How _ the sun is ! ( bright, brightly ) 32. How _ the flowers are growing! ( beautiful, beautifully ) 33. How _ they are! ( happy, happily ) 34. How _ they are working! ( happy, happily ) 35. How _ the wind blew last night! ( strong, strongly ) keys: 31. bright 32. beautifully 33. happy 34. happily 35. strongly 【模拟试题模拟试题】 （答题时间：45 分钟） 一. 形容词 、副词专项练习题 1. Nowadays science fiction isnt as _ as cartoons among teenagers. A. popularB. more popular C. less popularD. the most popular 2. We are glad to see that Shanghai is developing _ these years than ever before. A. quicklyB. less quickly C. more quicklyD. the most quickly 3. The cheese cake tasted so _ that the kids asked for more. A. deliciousB. wellC. badD. badly 4. Why didnt you enjoy the talk? It was _talk that I had ever listened to. A. the most interestingB. the least interesting C. more interestingD. 1ess interesting 5. Guo Yue did quite _ at the World Table Tennis Championship(锦标赛) ，but Zhang - 6 - Yining did even _ A. better; wellB. well; well C. well; betterD. better; better 6. Whose picture is better, Jacks or Toms Both of them are good. I think Jack draws Tom. A. as good asB. as well as C. better thanD. worse than 7. It gets very here in summer. A. coolB. coldC. warmD. hot 8. Be _, and you will do well in the English exam. A. carefulB. politeC. sureD. friendly 9. Lin Tao is good at all the subjects at school, _English. A. reallyB. mostlyC. especiallyD. exactly 10. The coat is too expensive. Look, heres another one. Its_ _and nicer. A. dearerB. cheaperC. olderD. longer 11. The population of Tianjin is _ than that of Shanghai. A. largerB. lessC. smallerD. fewer 12. Its raining _. We have to stay at home instead of going fishing . A. badlyB. hardlyC. heavilyD. strongly 13. Kate is as _as Maria. A. tallB. tallerC. tallestD. the tallest 14. She looks very_. I think she needs to have a rest. A. tiredB. hardC. wellD. hardly 15. Tom is terribly ill. Wed better send him to hospital as _as we can. A. slowlyB. quicklyC. quietlyD. easily 16. Do you like the Moonlight Sonata? Sure, it sounds really_ A. clearB. clearlyC. beautifulD. beautifully 17. Supermarkets are necessary. People usually spend_ time finding things they want, but they usually spend _ money than they want. A. less; lessB. less; moreC. fewer; lessD. fewer; more 18. “Do you want to improve your score in math? Try staying away from your computer!” A recent report in Britain says, “The _ students use computer at school and at home, the _ they do in exams of reading and math.” A. more; betterB. less; worse C. more; moreD. less; better 19. He speaks English _ an American, so we all believe that he has stayed in America for many years. A. as good asB. worse than C. as badly asD. as well as 20. The TV programme is boring. Shall we play chess instead? All right. That is _ than watching a boring programme. A. very goodB. much good - 7 - C. very betterD. much better 21. Even though she looks very young, she is twice my twenty-year-old sister. A. as old asB. older than C. so old asD. as older as 22. The sooner you take your medicine, you will feel. A. the more goodB. better C. the moreD. the better 23. Of the four T-shirts I like the blue one . A. much bestB. the best C. betterD. the better 24. Xiao Yang has learned to study in the U.S. A. English enoughB. enough English C. more EnglishD. much English 25. He explained it to me, but Im no wiser. A. enoughB. theC. moreD. much 26. Xiao Wangs mother bought him a racing bicycle for his birthday. A. five-speedsB. five-speed C. five-speedsD. five-speeds 二. 形容词与副词原级、比较级和最高级练习 1. The snow will be in North China tomorrow. A. very heavyB. much heavyC. heavier 2. The child is too to go to school. A. oldB. youngC. younger 3. Jim can jump than Tom. A. farB. fartherC. farthest 4. The Changjiang River is in China. A. the longB. longerC. the longest 5. Exercise One is in Lesson Ten. A. difficultB. much more difficultC. the most difficult 6. Who is , Mr. Green or Mr. Smith? A. very richB. much richerC. the richest 7. This is TV set I have ever seen. A. cheaperB. the cheapestC. the most cheap 8. John is Kate. A. as young asB. as younger asC. young than 9. Do you think which classroom is in our school? A. cleanB. the cleanerC. the cleanest 10. Mr. Zhang is one of in No. 1 Middle School. A. the busiest teacherB. the busiest teachersC. the busy teachers 11. Could you tell me the way to hospital, please? A. nearB. nearerC. the nearest 12. Of all the boxes, the red one is . A. heavyB. heavierC. the heaviest 13. Our school is not so as theirs. - 8 - A. smallB. smallerC. the smallest 14. M