2013段落翻译练习.docVIP

段落翻译练习2013 1 Put the following passage into Chinese.The most commonly granted degrees in the U.S. are the BA, or bachelor of arts, and the BS, or bachelor of science, both given generally after the completion of a 4-year course of study and sometimes followed by a mark of excellence, such as cum laude, with praise; magna cum laude, with great praise; or summa cum laude, with highest praise. The masters degree is granted after one or two years of postgraduate work and may require the writing of a thesis or dissertation. The doctorate requires two to five years of postgraduate work, the writing of a thesis, and the passing of oral and written examinations. In a recent year U.S. institutions of higher learning granted about 988,000 bachelors degrees, some 289,000 masters degrees, and 34,000 doctors degrees. The most familiar degrees are shown in the accompanying table.美国最通常授予的学位为BA,即文学士，以及BS，理学士般都是在完成四年学业之后授予。有时候，授予学位的同时还伴以这样一些赞语；以优等学业成绩毕业(cum laude)，以优异学业成绩毕业(magna cum laude)，以最优异学业成绩毕业(summa cum laude)。硕士学位授予完成了一至二年研究生课程的学生，要求他们写硕士论文。博士学位一般需要学习2一5年才能获得，要求学生写论文，还要通过口试、笔试。去年，美国高校授了大约988,000个学士学位，289,000个硕士学位和34,000个博士学位。最为大家所熟悉的学位目录如附表所示。2. Put the following passage into Chinese.As an important means for preserving knowledge, various literatures have become precious resources or treasures for the mankind, which have greatly contributed to the social progress of the human race.Professional literatures have been regarded as “intangible assets” of the whole world because they are, on the one hand, the summary, generalization, and development of the achievements obtained on the basis of previous experiences or studies; and on the other hand, they have been accumulated and handed down from generation to generation. In this sense, therefore, all kinds of literature are records of precious research findings and academic achievements, and the crystallization of human civilization.作为一种重要的知识储备手段，各类文献已成为宝贵的资源宝藏，大大促进了人类社会的进步。专业文献一向被认为是全世界的“无形财产”。因为一方面它们是对前人的经验或研究成果的总结、概括和发展；另一方面，又是人类长期积累、世代相传的遗产。因此，从这种意义上讲，一切文献都是前入的研究发现和学术成就的宝贵记载，是人类文化的结晶。3 Bibliography may be divided into two broad types:analytic(sometimes called critical)and descriptive.Analytic bibliography is concerned with books as objects;it uses the evidence of physical features(for example,the kind of variant texts.Descriptive bibliography,with which this article is concerned,is the systematic enumeration of publications;it is,in turn,divided into universal,or general,bibliography and selective bibliography .General bibliographies may list works on several subjects,published in various countries and at different times.Selective bibliographies are limited,perhaps,to a particular subject,to the country of origin,to works of one author,or to books for a particular purpose or audience. 文献可以分为两大类型：分析型文献（有时也叫做批评型文献）和描述性文献。分析型文献是将书视为物件，它以书的物理特性为依据（例如，纸张的种类和印刷的特性）来确定作者，或判断不同文本的可靠性。本文所涉及的描述性文献是对出版物的系统的列举。反过来说，它可以分为通用的、或一般的文献目录和选择性文献目录。一般文献目录可以列出若干主题的作品，这些作品在不同的国家发表于不同的时间。选择性文献目录可能会限于某一特定的主题，限于原国家、作者、或是有特定目的、特定听众的书籍。4 I believe that I speak for every sincere and serious representative in the United Nations-so I am encouraged to believe by the speeches to which we have already listened this morning-when I say that the anniversary must be an occasion for an honest assessment of our failures in the past, matched by an equally determined will to do better in the future, so that we can escape from frustration and turn the anniversary into an inspiration and an achievement.这次周年纪念会应该是一个老老实实地评估我们过去的失误的时机，同时也应该是一个表达我们有同样决心要做好今后工作的时机。这样，我们就可免遭挫折，并可把这次周年纪念变成一种鼓舞和成就。当我讲这番话时，我相信今天上午我们听到的发言也使我相信我是代表联合国每一位真诚和严肃的代表讲话的。= 1. Put the following passage into English. 清华大学是中国著名的高等学府，是中国培养高级科学技术人才和发展科学技术的重要基地之一。 清华大学是创建于1911年，其前身清华学堂是一所留美预备学校。辛亥革命后更名为清华学校，1925年开始办大学部，1928年改建成国立清华大学。抗日战争爆发后，清华大学南迁长沙，后又迁至昆明，与北京大学，南开大学联合组成西南联合大学。在1952年进行院系调整，清华大学成为一所多科性工业大学，重点为国家培养工程技术人才，被誉为红色工程师的摇篮。Tsinghua University, one of the renowned institutions of higher learning in China, is an important base both for training senior professionals in science and technology in China and for the development of Chinese science and technology.Founded in 1911, it started (originated) as Tsinghua Xuetang, a school preparing students for studies in the US. After the 1911 Revolution, it was named Tsinghua School and then enrolled its first college students in 1925. In 1928, the school was renamed National Tsinghua University. During the Anti-Japanese War, the university moved to the south, first to Changsha, and then to Kunming, where it became part of Southwest United University by merging with Beijing University and Nankai University. In the nationwide reorganization of institutions of higher learning in 1952, Tsinghua University became a university of engineering with multiple disciplines, focusing its emphasis on training qualified engineering personnel, and thus it was reputed as the cradle of red engineers.2翻泽的意义是将词句从一种语言转换成另一种语言。简单地讲，它是用与原作不同的语言将作者的真正意思准确地复述出来的一种艺术。从以上翻译的定义来看，我们知道词句的原意必须尽可能保持准确，不可有所增删。翻译者的任务只是变换词汇而不是改变其意思。因此，翻译有两种要素：准确性与表达性。准确性是翻译的首要条件。译者必须谨慎地遵循原作者的意思。字词的选择与句式结构必须如实传达原作的思想。表达性是使译文易于理解。换言之，译者必须用自己的文字尽可能将原作思想清楚而有力地表达出来。准确性是使译文的意义确切无误，而表达性则是使译文生动，引人入胜。Translation is the conversion of an expression into another language.To say plainly it is an art to reproduce the exact idea of the author by means of a language different from the original.From the above definition of translation we know that the original thought of the expression must be kept as exactly as possible.Nothing should be added to or taken away from the original work.The duty of the translation is simply to change the vocabulary not the thought.In translation therefore ,there are two essential elements:accuracy and expressiveness.Accuracy is the first requisite of translation.The translator must stick to the authors idez.Words selected and sentences constructed must be of such nature as will convey the exact original thought.Expressiveness is to make the translation readily understood.In other words,the translator must express his authors idea as clearly and as forcibly as he can by the medium he employs.Accuracy is to make the thought definite and exact;while expressiveness is to make the translation vivid and attractive.3 Translate the following passage into English. 成功是通过克服困难得来的。没有困难，便没有成功。如果没有值得我们竞争或奋斗的东西，也就没有什么成功可言。因此，人们时常处于不断努力的状况下这是一件好事。由于需要，我们才发现了人类进步的主要源泉个人的进步和国家的进步概莫能外。需要导致了大多数近代灿烂辉煌的机械发明与改进，刺激了造船家、贸易商、制造家、机械匠、零售商、小商人、工匠，以及熟练的技工等。它是生产工业所有部门的动力，开发了本国与其他国家的土地资源，培育了住在这块土地上的人们的品质。为了推动每个人的成长与教化，不断的努力是完全必要的。它根深蒂固地存在于人类之中，使人类永远设法去寻求并力图获得一些更美好、更崇高的成就。Success grows out of struggles to overcome difficulties.If there were no difficulties,there would be no success.If there were nothing to struggle or compete for ,there would be achieved.It is well,therefore,that men should be under the necessity of exerting themselves.In necessity for exertion we find the chief source of all human advancement-the advancement of individuals as of nations.It has led to most of the splendid mechanical inventions and improvements of the age.It has stimulated the shipbuikler ,the tradesman,the manufacturer,the machinist,the merchant,the skilled worman.In all departments of productive industry,it has been the moving power.It has developed the resources of this and other countries-the resources of the soil,and character and qualities of the men who dwell upon it.It seems to be absolutely necessary for the purpose of stimulating the growth and culture of every individual.It is deeply rooted in man ,leading him ever to seek after ,and endeavor to realize,something better and higher than be has attained.4我公司是中国最大的中小型电机生产基地，是自营出口贸易企业；历史悠久，实力雄厚，工艺先进，设备齐全；现有职工2万余名，下属工厂25家，研究所一家，集生产、科研。经营于一体。公司生产经营的主要产品有各种电机及机组、绝缘材料、电动工具、电泵、模具、电磁制品、电磁线、电工器材以及工程成套和技术服务。产品远