考研无词阅读法.doc

无词阅读法：第一步，浏览五个题干，找出文章的主题词。（题干中或各段段首反复出现的词）第二步，划出每个选项中的标志词，回原文定位。第三步，筛选选项。1.排除细节原词重现的选项。2.排除文章中只出现一次的选项。3.排除多个词原词重现的选项。4.选择包含文章主题词或段落核心词的选项。第四步，汇总整理每道题目排除的选项，做最优化选择。方法解释和应用：第一步，浏览五个题干，找出文章的主题词。（题干中或各段段首反复出现的词）解释：文章的五道题目往往是文章核心内容的反映，所以读完五个题干，往往能找到文章所讲的主题词。而和主题有关的题目的正确答案，往往包括主题词。所以这就可以帮助我们直接选择，或间接的排除一些选项。举例：2012年英语2 Text 121.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_。22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_。23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may_。24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether_.25.A suitable title for this text could be_。AWrong Interpretation of an Educational PolicyBA Welcomed Policy for Poor StudentsCThorny Questions about HomeworkDA Faulty Approach to Homework同学能从五个题干中易得出，这篇文章主要讲的就是homework。所以作为主旨题的正确答案，应该也包括主题词，homework。所以这道题目，我们至少可以排除AB两个选项。除了主旨题外，还有一些题可能和主题有关。这些题目如果同学实在不知道怎么选的时候，可以优先蒙包含主题词的选项。正确率会更高。这些题目整理如下。1. 主旨题。2. 全文最后一题，无信息区间对应。3. 全文第一题。4. 推理题。5. 例证题。第二步，划出每个选项中的标志词，回原文定位。解释：考研阅读题目，绝大多数正确答案都来自于原文一句信息。而绝大多数错误答案，也来自于原文的信息。正确选项往往是原文信息的同义词替换，语义对应改写，归纳总结，或含义引申；错误答案往往是原文一处信息原词重现的含义歪曲，信息拼凑，语义矛盾等。简单来说，正确选项改写自原文，和原文一定长的不那么像。而混淆选项为了迷惑英语基础不好，思想又单纯的同学，往往有一个或几个词原词重现，和原文长的很像。同学明白了这一点，就具备了排除错误选项的理论基础。所以，在排除选项之前，同学一定要将选项中的有标志性的词找到，再看该选项能不能在原文找到出处。在找选项标志词的时候，应该重点看名词词组，或特殊含义动词。因为这些词更可能在原文中找到重现。举例：2012年英语1 Text121. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges asA a supplement to thesocial cureB a stimulus to group dynamicsC an obstacle to school progressD a cause of undesirable behaviors红字标注的词，都是同学应该划出来，去原文中找寻信息的标志。第三步，筛选选项。（非常重要！）1.排除原词重现的选项。解释：上面讲过，一般正确答案是原文的改写，而错误答案会有一些信息是原文的重现。所以同学就分析，哪些选项有原文重现，哪些没有。没出现的选项保留，原词重现的可以排除。举例：2012年英语2 Text 1District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule。23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may_。Adiscourage students from doing homeworkBresult in students indifference to their report cardsCundermine the authority of state testsDrestrict teachers power in education从红字标注部分就能看出，BCD三个选项都有名词词组重现在原文中，很明显是考官根据原文一处细节改写的错误选项，排除。正确答案，A选项。2.排除文章中只出现一次的选项。解释：因为单词的原因，很多时候同学不能够区分到底选项中哪些词算是细节或特殊的动词，以至于经常发现四个选项经常都有单词重现。若四个选项都有单词重现，选项单词在文章中多次出现的，保留；选项单词在文章中只出现一次的，排除。举例：2012年英语1 Text2Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But hadEntergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.29. In the authors view, the Vermont case will testA Entergys capacity to fulfill all its promises.B the mature of states patchwork regulations.C the federal authority over nuclear issues .D the limits of states power over nuclear issues.四个选项都有单词重现在原文中。但是nuclear这个词无论是在原文中还是选项中都反复出现，这就是该段的段落核心词。保留包含段落核心词的选项。ABC原文细节重现，排除。正确答案D选项。3.排除多个词原词重现的选项。解释：这算是上条做题方法的一个补充。也许正确选项可以包含文章中重要信息单词的重现，但绝不会多个单词原词重现。多个单词原词重现多为错误选项的标志。举例：2012年英语2 Text 2Trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a third stepping stone between infant wear and older kids clothes. It was only after toddler became common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist。29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised _。A focuses on infant wear and older kids clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers terms不用多说了，像A和D这种丧心病狂的选项，真的不能再选了。此题正确答案，C选项。4.选择包含文章主题词或段落核心词的选项。解释：段落核心词，就是一个自然段中反复出现的词。一般题目都对应一个自然段，一个自然段的核心词，往往也会出现在正确选项中。举例：2012年英语1 Text 3Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individuals discovery claim into thecommunitys credible discovery.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after itA has attracted the attention of the general public.Bhas been examined by the scientific community.C has received recognition from editors and reviewers.Dhas been frequently quoted by peer scientists.从红字标注可得出，该段核心词为scientific community, 故正确答案为B选项。文章主题词，即题干和各段段首反复出现的词。上文解释过，很多题目和文章主题有关。1. 主旨题。2. 全文最后一题，无信息区间对应。3. 全文第一题。4. 推理题。5. 例证题。举例：2012年英语2 Text 331. It can be learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like_A. their executives to be activeB. judges to rule out gene patentingC. genes to be patentableD. the BIO to issue a warning32. Those who are against gene patents believe that_33. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for_34.By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that_35. Generally speaking, the authors attitude toward gene patenting is_文章第一题，对应文章第一段。第一段往往是引出主题或提示主题的内容，所以对应的文章第一题往往和主题有关。题干中反复出现 gene patents，这即是文章主题词。第一题正确答案C选项。2012年英语2 Text 436.By saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to_。Aseek subsidies from the governmentBexplore reasons for the unemploymentCmake profits from the troubled economyDlook on the bright side of the recession37. According to Paragraph 2,