人事部初级笔译第六讲直译意译讲义.doc

直译与意译：第一种： 词汇意义的外延1. It is paradoxical that we should know comparatively little about the life of the greatest English author.令人难以理解的是，我们对这位英国最伟大的作家的生平却知之甚少。2. Shakespeares poetry and Shakespeares people have long delighted not just the English but lovers of literature everywhere.莎士比亚的诗歌及其笔下的众多人物，长期以来不仅为英国人所称道，而且也受到世界各地的文学爱好者的喜爱。（意译，拆句）3. Nikes obsession with cost, quality and speed of production has enabled it to beat the competition. 耐克公司致力于降低成本，提高质量，加快生产速度，从而能够在竞争中获胜/成为赢家/立于不败之地。（obsession: a fixed and often unreasonable idea with which the mind is continually concerned着迷，困扰人的情绪，思想，冲动等，该句中该句并没有贬义，因此意译为“致力于” beat: To be victorious or successful; win.但打败竞争是不合理搭配。）4. Hollywood suggests glamour, a place where the young star-struck teenagers could, with a bit of luck, fulfill their dreams.好莱坞充满了诱惑力，一心想当明星的年轻人，运气的话，能在那里实现自己的梦想。（To bring or call to mind by logic or association; evoke: 使人想到通过逻辑或联想使想起或唤起；唤起：）5. Hollywood suggests luxurious houses with vast palm-fringed swimming pools, cocktail bars and furnishings fit for a millionaire. 提到好莱坞，就令人想到百万富翁的豪宅大院，精美陈设，棕榈环绕的游泳池和鸡尾酒吧。6. The southwest region suffer from weather extremes, with cloudbursts causing flooding and serious droughts afflicting it.西南地区冷热明显，两极分化，时而大雨成灾，时而赤地千里。7. The decentralization of control explains the remarkable diversity that characterizes American education美国实行分权制，因此其教育多样性特点也就不难理解了。8. There is not much social snobbery or job snobbery in US. The manual worker is usually quite at east in any company. 在美国不大会因为社会地位或者所作工作而受到轻视，体力劳动者在任何公司里都心安理得。（snobbery一词的翻译。）9. Music in Britain is not just a highbrow interest, it is above all democratic.在英国音乐不是阳春白雪，从根本上说是属于大众的。（highbrow: a person who is thought to have more than average knowledge of; or interest in artistic and intellectual matters）10. American football has a reputation for being a brutal and dangerous game. This reputation is not really deserved.人们都说美式足球又野蛮又危险，事实并非如此。第二种： 词组意义的外延。11. The English have never shown themselves averse to a gamble, though fortunately most of them where to draw the line.英国人从不表示自己反对赌博，幸好大多数人知道适可而止。Draw the line: set limits, declare what cannot be allowed; refuse to go as far as or beyond.又：5 percent raise, we will discuss the benefit later. I am drawing the line. 加薪百分之五，福利的事情以后再说，我没法再往上加价了。12. Americans tend to move from the specific and small to the general and large. Many other peoples tend to move the other way.美国人做事习惯由小到大，由具体到抽象，许多其它国家的人却恰恰相反。（move the other way）13. The runaway piracy harms ticket sales and eventually leads to job losses of the industry.由于盗版猖獗，影响电影的票房收入，最终导致很多电影人失业。(runaway: Something that has escaped control or proper confinement.)第三种： 比喻意义的增加与削减14. Many American firms have taken fright at the prospect of being locked out of China, while companies from Japan and Europe crowd in. 日本和欧洲公司大批涌入中国，而美国公司却将被拒之门外，这样的前景令美国公司深感恐惧。（metaphor）15. An extensive public school system has not only provided education but served as the glue for its ethnically diverse society.广泛推广的公立学校体系不仅普及了教育，而且将各民族凝聚在一起。(simile)16. Far from being a city paved with gold, New York was a city teeming with overcrowded, unhealthy and unsafe ghetto.纽约决非遍地黄金，城中穷街陋巷触目皆是，其中拥挤肮脏，危机四伏。(注意ghetto一词的选词技巧)(metaphor)17. The checkbook will soon be a dinosaur, replaced by multi-purpose cards.(metaphor)18. Almost from the beginning of his term in office, president was dogged by rumors of his marital infidelity and financial corruption. (metaphor)19. Mao Tse-tung was well bred, but inside he was made of steel, of hard resistance, of tough tissuethe kind of tissue the Boxers thought they had by magic and bared their solar plexuses to foreign bullets.(metaphor) (比较两个译文：毛泽东有很好的教养，内部是钢，有坚强的抗力，是坚韧的材料制成的，这是义和团设想的由于神力具有的，可以把太阳神经丛袒露给外国人子弹的那种材料。/毛泽东外表温文尔雅，但内心深处却钢铸铁打，既坚韧，又抗压在他身上可以看到当年义和团自信所具有的那种神力，面对洋枪洋炮也敢袒胸露怀。)20. A greeting card can warm a heart, hold a hand, lend an ear, pat a back, light up a face, tickle a funny bone, dry an eye. 一张问候卡可以温暖一颗心，握紧一双手，倾听肺腑言，轻拍友人背，它令人喜洋洋，撩得心痒痒，抹去泪汪汪。四文中习语的意译21. He was a dead shot. However, he met his Waterloo this time.他是个神枪手，可这一次却输惨了。22.