动词不定式的用法.doc

动词不定式的用法概念： 动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，可分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。 可以做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。动词不定式的否定式.not to do. 如：Tell him not to shut the window 一、作主语：动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。 如： To get there by bike takes us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Itbe名词to do. 如：Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb+some time+to do 如：How long did it take you to finish the work? Itbe形容词(for sb.)to do 如：It is difficult for us to finish the task.在句型中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,the first Itbe形容词of sbto do 如：It is stupid of you to go there.在句型中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind等 表示赞扬或批评的表示人性格或品质特征的词。 It seems(appears)形容词to do It seemed impossible to save money. It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型 二、作宾语1) 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语 agree（同意），aim(力求做到), appear（显得）ask（要求）choose（决定），decide（决定），demand（要求），help（帮助），hope（希望），learn（学会），manage（设法），plan（计划），prepare（准备），prove（证明），refuse（拒绝），seem（觉得好像），want（想要），wish举例： The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 2） 动词+疑问词+ 不定式 此类动词如：decide, know, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hearPlease show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。 3)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语动词it补语to do句式。如： He feels it his duty to help the poor. I find it difficult to learn English well. 三、作补语动词+宾语+不定式(to do) Advise，allow，believe，encourage，forbid，find，invite，like，order，require，select，supposetell，train，urge（催促，鼓励） 例句 Father will not allow us to play on the street. find 的特殊用法： find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。 I found him lying on the ground. I found it important to learn. I found that to learn English is important. 四、作表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作。 What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 五、作状语1）目的状语 in order to,so as to,so(such) as to (如此以便) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。 2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。 He searched the room only to find nothing. 3)表原因 Im glad to see you. 六、作定语：不定式作定语：不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： The next train to arrive is from Washington. Do you have anything to say on the question? 七省to 的动词不定式1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to应该，是情态动词，to不能省略。ought to没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形可以表示现在、将来或过去将来，例如： They ought to come tomorrow.他们明天应当来)： 2） 使役动词 let, have, make： 3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。 注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 在使役动词中get除外(get sb. to do sth.) I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night. 4） 表示个人意愿或倾向的would rather，had better，rather than置于句首时。 Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bike. 5） why not： 6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth： 7） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去： 八、不定式的特殊句型1、Its for sb.和 Its of sb.1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult,interesting, impossible等： Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 for 与of 的辨别方法： 用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如： You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。 He is hard.(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。) 2、不定式的特殊句型tooto1）tooto太以至于 He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。 2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为不太。 Its never too late to mend.(谚语) 改过不嫌晚。 3)当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常 等于very。 Im only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。 典型例题 1Tell him _ the window. A. to shut notB. not to shutC. to not shut D. not shut 2She pretended _ me when I passed by. A.not to seeB. not seeingC. to not see D.having not seen 3 - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try goingB.trying to goC.to try and goD.try going 4 Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning 5 The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _it more difficult.A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make 6 I feel it an honour _ to speak here.A. to be asked B. to ask C. having asked D. asked7 _this cake, youll need 2 eggs.A. Having made B.Make C. To make D. Making8. My family considers _ a computer, which is considered _ a great help in our work and study. A. to buy; to be B. buying; being C. to buy; being D. buying; to be9. We are not allowed _ outdoors with some other children. A. playing B. to be playing C. to play D. be playing10. I remember _him say the bike needed _.A. hearing, to repair B. to hear, to repair C. hearing, repairing D. to hear, to be repaired11. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left.A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told 英语谚语 Abadbeginningmakesabadending. 不善始者不善终。 Abadthingneverdies. 遗臭万年。 Abadworkmanalwaysblameshistools. 不会撑船怪河弯。 Abirdinthehandisworththantwointhebush. 一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。 Aboasterandaliararecousins-german. 吹牛与说谎本是同宗。 Abullyisalwaysacoward. 色厉内荏。 Aburdenofoneschoiceisnotfelt. 爱挑的担子不嫌重。 Acandlelightsothersandconsumesitself. 蜡烛照亮别人，却毁灭了自己。 Acathas9lives. 猫有九条命。 Acatmaylookataking. 猫也可以打量国王，意为人人平等。 Aclosemouthcatchesnoflies. 病从口入。 Aconstantguestisneverwelcome. 常客令人厌。 Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. 事实胜于雄辩。 Adversityleadstoprosperity. 穷则思变。 Adversitymakesamanwise,notrich. 逆境出人才。 Afairdeathhonorsthewholelife. 死得其所，流芳百世。 Afaithfulfriendishardtofind. 知音难觅。 Afallintoapit,againinyourwit. 吃一堑，长一智。 Afoxmaygrowgray,butnevergood. 江山易改，本性难移。 Afriendinneedisafriendindeed. 患难见真情。 Afriendiseasierlostthanfound. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 A