发动机专业英语.doc

Para 1 基本原理Notes:Para.1. appreciate: understand fully，评价，估价，理解unsuitability :不适合，不相称，不匹配present:submit,offer,give，提出，设置2. patent: n,专利v,取得专利athodyd: 航空热力管道，冲压式喷气发动机ram jet: 冲压喷气发动机3. turbo-propeller engine: 涡轮螺桨发动机viscount aircraft: 子爵式飞机twin-spool: 双转子triple-spool: 三转子by-pass: 双涵式，内外涵ducted fan: 管道风扇式,涵道风扇式4. piston engine: 活塞发动机solely:单独地,独自地,只是5. pulse jet: 脉动式发动机turbo/ram jet: 涡轮/冲压喷气发动机6. momentum: 动量issue:流出,放出impartto:give ，给予jet: 喷嘴8. sprinkler: 喷水器by virtue of: 凭借，利用firefighting: 消防hose: 软管carnival: 狂欢节9. resultant: 合成的，总的10. convertinto:changeinto，11. convergent: 收敛的divergent: 发散的target vehicle: 耙机12. intermittent: 间歇的，周期性的static：静止的，静态的dynamic：动力的，动态的aero-：空气的aerodynamic：空气动力学的robust：坚固的，强壮的spring-looded：绷有弹簧的(图1-7)：shutter valve：薄片式，快门式阀门，节气活门 depression：下降 rotor：旋翼 helicopter：直升机 dispense with：免去，不用 resonate：共振，谐振13. decompose：分解14. inherent：内在的，固有的up to：直至，高达（上限）15. somewhat：比较，有点blade：叶片16. blade-tip：翼尖departure from:偏离，违背17. offset：补偿，弥补，冲淡18. Mach number：马赫数19. variable intake：可调进气道afterburner：加力燃烧室shut down：停车，关闭guide vane：导向叶片divert：redirectsustained：stable，稳定的，持续的cruise condition：巡航状态20. alternative：另一种结构型式21. kerosine：煤油multi-stage：多级in the order of ：数量级22. interceptor：截击机space-launcher：航天飞机high altitude：高空short duration：短的巡航时间 Part 2 工作循环和空气流动1. efflux：射流，流出，涌（迸）出2. stroke：冲程reciprocate：往复式的3. fabricated：板金焊接的（板料）4. remainder：剩余物5. assembly：组件7. embody：包含（contain） product：乘积 extract：取出（功），吸收（功）9. trace through：追踪，指示10. attain：到达（achieve）11. adiabatic：绝热的friction：摩擦conduction：导热，热传导turbulence：湍流，扰动12. propelling nozzle：推进喷管deceleration：减速acceleration：加速13. convert(convertion)to(into)supersonic：超音速的transonic：跨音速的subsonic：压音速的encounter：遭遇，遇到14. failure：损坏，失效vibration：振动eddy：旋涡15. straight-through flow system：直流系统frontal area：迎风面积subsequent：后续的（following）17. conducive：有助（益）于，促进的 specific：单位的，比的（如specific heat，比热） specific fuel consumption：耗油率18. configuration：机构，构造，结构型式19. overboard：出去，向外variation：变形Part 3 压气机Para. 1. centrifugal：离心的axial：轴向的 shaft：轴2. impeller：叶轮diffuser：扩压器3. with regard to：关于，对于，论及，提及4. specific thrust：单位推力5. casing：机匣 plenum chamber：稳压腔6. radially：辐射地，径向地initially whirl：预旋8. tip speed：叶尖速度9. leakage：泄露clearance：间隙，公差10. ball bearing：滚珠轴承roller bearing：滚棒（柱）轴承ease of detachment：易于拆卸11. forged disc：铸造盘，铸件sweep back：回弯12. all-round efficiency：圆周效率surge：喘振ram effect：冲压效应13. tangential：切向的aerodynamic buffeting impulses：气动抖振14. aerofoil：气动翼型angular setting of the vanes：叶片安装角inlet guide vanes：进口导流片15. air annulus area：空气环形流道面积tapering：作成锥形17. operating flexibility：最佳速度20. correct the deflection：工作适应性 air straightener：空气整流器21. air breakaway：气流分离 blade stall：叶片失速22. tortuous：曲折的，扭曲的culminate：vi，达到顶点，以告终25. alignment：准直，对中26. drum-type：鼓筒式disc-dype：盘式spline：花键，用花键连接spacer rings：垫圈blade platform：叶片榫缘27. rock：摇动，摇摆28. angle of incidence：倾角，迎角29. retaining rings ：?固定环，保持环in packs：成组，成批shroud：叶冠，加叶冠32. blade profile：叶片型面flight manoeuvre：飞行机动，飞行动作ingestion：吸入外物34. off design speed：非设计转速35. cough：咳嗽a bang of varying severity：忽强忽弱的放炮声36. safety margin：安全裕度37. bleeding：放气，以抽气减压38. pneum(o)-：词头空气，气动，呼吸pneumonia：肺炎pneumatic：气动的choking：阻塞39. actuator：作动筒，促动筒r.p.m.= revolution per minute40. fatigue resistance：耐疲劳42. titanium：钛carbon or glass fiber composite：碳或玻璃纤维复合材料43. magnesium：镁44. engines designed entirely for lift：升力发动机 45. balancing：平衡in view of：由于，鉴于，考虑到Part 4 燃烧室Para. 3. commercial aircraft traffic：民用航空exhaust smoke：排气烟带4. normal：额定的blow away：吹熄5. flame tube：火焰筒liner：套筒（管）meter：量度，测量，定量multi-meter：万用表-meter：仪表，仪器6. snout：主进气口，飞机头部swirl vane：扰流器（叶片）perforated flare：多孔漏斗recirculation：回流air casing：燃烧室外套7. toroidal vortex：环形涡流anchor：驻定，抛锚8. break up：破碎，弄细9. nozzle guide vanes of the turbine：涡轮导向器叶片dilution：稀释10. igniter plug：电嘴点火器self-sustained：自行保持的13. atomizer jets：雾化喷嘴vaporizing principle：汽化原理，蒸发原理baffle plate：隔板14. multiple chamber：单管燃烧室tube-annular chamber：环管燃烧室annular chamber：环型燃烧室17. interconnector：联焰管18. overhaul：大（翻）修compactness：结构紧凑21. decrease by：减小了decrease to：减小到22. air spray type burner：气动喷嘴aerate：充（通）气，吹气over-rich pockets of fuel vapour：过富的燃油蒸气，油兜，油井（穴），油带24. flame extinctior：熄火25. incur：招致，遭受（损失，坏结果）30. glide：滑翔dive：俯冲idling：慢车rich limit：富油极限weak limit：贫油极限mixture strength：混合物浓度31. loop：包线33. negligible：可忽略的35. creep failure：蠕变 stress：应力 strain：应变Part 5 涡轮Para.2. torque：力矩stationary：静止的，固定的moving：运动的with the advent of：随着到来，出现3. shaft-power engine：涡（轮）轴发动机 free-power turbine：动力涡轮reduction gear：减速齿轮（器）interpose：介入，插入4. compromise：妥协，协调，调和power/weight ratio：功重比5. compatible with：与相适应的，相容的juxtaposition：排列位置 pure impulse turbine：纯冲击式涡轮 pure reaction turbine：纯反作用式涡轮 incorporated：合并，加入，包含，包括，采用 cartridge and air starters：火药式和空气式起动机7. discharge：流出8. detrimental：有害的 exhaust cone supports and struts：排气锥支座与支板9. stagger angle：叶片扭转角-安装角10. degree of reaction：反力度12. self-aligning coupling：自调联轴器15. machined forging：机加铸件 flange：安装边，法兰盘 perimeter：周长18. permitted stress：许用应力trailing edge：后缘leading edge：前缘crack：裂纹19. has an important bearing on：对有重要影响，关系 limiting rim speed：极限轮缘速度de laval bulb root fixing：特拉瓦球形叶根固定（法）be superseded by：以代替（取代）fir-tree fixing：枞树形固定（法），枞树形榫齿serration：榫齿，锯齿stiffen：拉紧，加强hollow：空心的20. segment：扇形段peripheral：圆周的，周边的 peri-：圆周的，周边的22. flow characteristics：流量特性 back pressure：反压，背压24. creep life：蠕变寿命 creep characteristics：蠕变特性26. bending loads：弯曲载荷thermal shock：热冲击high frequency fluctuations：高频振荡28. foregoing = above, preceding29 ferritic：铁素体的，三价铁的ferro-：亚铁的 austenitic：奥氏体的 nickel：镍Part 6 排气系统Para.3. thrust reverser：反推力装置noise suppressor：消音器mixer unit：混合器4. support fairings：整流支板7. longitudinal axis：纵轴9. flap：折叶，片状物，调节片 nozzle aperture： 喷口孔板10. r.p.m. = revolutions per minute：每分钟转速12. special heat-resisting steels：特殊耐高温钢 lag：铺设，包上 insulating blanket：绝热层 fibrous：纤维 dimple：起皱纹，生微涡13. engine nacelle：发动机短舱14. streamlined fairings：整流支板vent hole：通气孔15. chute：进气漏斗Part 7 消音器Para.1. annoyance level：扰人程度perceived noise decibel(PNdB)：能听到的噪音，分贝pitch：音调2. to some power：成幂次关系 x to the power n the nth power of x4. wake：尾流，涡流 discrete：断续的，离散的 harmonics：谐波5. approach thrust：进场推力6. obviate：排除，免除，事先预防7. lobe-type：叶瓣形9. weight penalty：重量损失11. optimum mean noise level：最佳平均噪音强度12. the pilots master switch：驾驶员主控开关 pneumatic rams：气动作动筒 charge-over：转换13. honeycomb backing：蜂窝芯14. provision：装置（调整机构）15. noise radiation：噪音传播16. sintered fibrous-metallic materials：烧结的纤维金属材料Part 8Para.1. wheel brake：机轮刹车 braking parachutes：阻力伞2. landing run：着陆滑跑距离(图) I.S.A.= International Standard Atmosphere：国际标准大气4. pitch：安装角 throttle lever：油门杆（操纵杆）7. clamshell-type：蛤壳形 retractable ejector：伸缩式作动器 bucket-type：库斗式 blocked doors：阻塞门9. cascade vanes：叶栅10. linkage：连杆11. latch：锁住12. divert：使转向，使变换方向13. flexible drives：钢索传动，挠性传动装置 screwjack：丝杠 translating：平移变换，移动 cowl：整流罩 flush：齐平地 fairing：整流罩16. safety features：安全（特性）措施 crew compartment：驾驶舱17. pitch control system：桨距调节系统 trim：调节，微调 malfunction：失灵，出故障20. hinged：铰接22. in segments：成组 roller：滚轮23. rod：连杆 buffet：冲击 stiffen：加强Part 9 加力燃烧Para.1. afterburning：补燃加力3. afterburner：加力燃烧室 burner：喷嘴（喷灯）(图) sleeve：套筒6. stabilizer：火焰稳定器 interconnection：联焰7. normal：额定的 lit：light的过去分词8. catalytic：催化的 platinum-based dement：铂基原件 hot streak of flame：热射流 hot-shot ignition：热射式点火9. cool flame：冷焰 at sea level at altitude13. boost：增加，提高15. pressure ratio control unit：压比调节器16. gear type pump：齿轮泵17. be relayed to：传给，中继 degree of afterburning：加力程度20. eyelid：喷口21. struts：支板22. circular heat shield：环形隔热屏 perforated：钻孔Part 10 燃油系统Para.1. with the exception of： except, apart from，除了以外 shut-off valve(cock)：截止阀，截止开关 throttle or power lever：油门杆或功率杆2. preventfor：防止3. pitch：螺距，桨距 overspeeding：超转，超速 governor：调节器，控制器4. ancillary function：辅助功能7. gear-type pump：齿轮泵 variable-stroke：可变行程 multi-plunger：多柱塞式图10-1：knot：结，海里/小时8. free-power turbine：自由动力涡轮11. spill valve：溢流阀，泄流阀14. bleed：放，泄（油，气，水），回油 capsule：膜片 I.S.A.：国际标准大气15. centrifugal：离心的 rotor radial drilling：转子径向孔 diaphragm：膜片 F.C.U. = flow control unit：流量控制装置16. safety relief valve：安全回油活门 regardless of：不论，不管17. dashpot throttle unit：阻尼油门装置 ported sleeve：有开孔的套筒 rack and pinion：齿轮齿条副（传动）20. annulus：环形通道 restrictor：限制器 spray nozzle：喷嘴22. capsule assembly：膜片组件 evacuated capsule：真空膜片 pump stroke：油泵行程23. specific gravity：比重24. centrifugal loading：离心载荷26. solenoid valve：电磁阀27. starting nozzle：起动喷嘴 igniter plug：火花塞28. back pressure valve：反压阀门30. trimming device：微调装置31. opposing jets：对置喷嘴 interrupter blade：遮断叶片33. proportioning valve：比例活门35. equalize：使相等37. surge：喘振 inertia：惯性 time lag：时间滞后 override：占优势，超控38. metering plunger：节流柱塞 overfuelling：过量供油45. L.P. side of the drum：鼓筒的低压端46. rocker arm：摇臂48. idling speed governor：慢车转速调节器49. overstressing：过应力50. relight：再点火51. all-speed：全转速 fuel flow regulator：燃油流量调节器 main burner：主喷嘴52. gear train：齿轮泵 variable metering sleeve：可变节流套筒 cam：凸轮 stirrup arm：托架臂58. stop：止动销60. thermocouple：热电偶 rotary actuator：旋转作动筒62. main burner manifold：主燃油喷嘴总管 flyweight：配重63. main and primary flows：主燃油和初级燃油64. water injection：喷水 reset cam：重调凸轮72. trimmer valve：微调活门75. air off-take：空气取出，空气提取77. vapour locking：气阻（汽化阻塞） cavitation：气穴 ice crystal：冰晶 filter：过滤器 oil cooler：滑油散热器 transmitter：传感器78. plunger-type pump：柱塞式泵 constant-delivery gear-type pump：等排量齿轮泵81. camplate：凸轮盘 inclination：斜度84. atomize：使雾化 swirl chamber：旋涡室85. simplex：单油路喷嘴 lubbock：可调进口喷嘴 duplex or duple：双油路喷嘴86. square law：平方律91. exhaust smoke：排气冒烟92. flow distributor：流量分配器 gravity head：重力压头94. fuel-cooled oil cooler：燃油冷却的滑油散热器 thermostatically：恒温的，热静力学的98. buoyant material：轻浮材料100. conform to：与一致 overhaul：翻修 wide-cut gasoline-type fuel：宽馏分汽油型燃油102. viscosity or thickness：粘度或稠度 anti-icing additives：防冰添加剂103. volatility：挥发性104. British Thermal Unit：英热单位 calorific value：热值105. sulphurous acid：硫酸107. distillation：蒸馏 flash point：闪点110. inert gas：惰性气体112. tank drain check：油箱放油检查Part 11Para. 1. methanol：甲醇 methane：甲烷5. metering valve：量孔，计量阀门 servo：伺服，随动，助力 capsule assembly：膜盒组件6. oil cock：滑油开关 throttle：油门7. feed arm：供油臂 swirl vane：扰流器 governor：调节器8. pressure difference：压差9. non-return valve, one-way valve：单向阀门发动机engine内燃机intenal combusiton engine动力机装置power unit汽油机gasoline engine汽油喷射式汽油机gasoline-injection engine火花点火式发动机spark ignition engine压燃式发动机compression ignition engine往复式内燃机reciprocating internal combustion engine化油器式发动机carburetor engine柴油机diesel engine转子发动机rotary engine旋轮线转子发动机rotary trochoidal engine二冲程发动机two-stroke engine四冲程发动机four-stroke engine直接喷射式柴油机direct injection engine间接喷射式柴油机indirect injection engine增压式发动机supercharged engine风冷式发动机air-cooled engine油冷式发动机oil-cooled engine水冷式发动机water-cooled engine自然进气式发动机naturally aspirated engine煤气机gas engine液化石油气发动机liquified petroleum gas engine柴油煤气机diesel gas engine多种燃料发动机multifuel engine石油发动机hydrocarbon engine双燃料发动机duel fuel engine热球式发动机hot bulb engine多气缸发动机multiple cylinder engine对置活塞发动机opposed piston engine对置气缸式发动机opposed-cylinder engine十字头型发动机cross head engine直列式发动机in-line engine星型发动机radial engine筒状活塞发动机trunk-piston engine斯特林发动机stirling engine套阀式发动机knight engine气孔扫气式发动机port-scavenged engine倾斜式发动机slant engine前置式发动机front-engine后置式发动机rear-engine中置式发动机central engine左侧发动机left-hand engine右侧发动机right-hand engine短冲程发动机oversquare engine长冲程发动机undersquare engine等径程发动机square engine顶置凸轮轴发动机overhead camshaft engine双顶置凸轮轴发动机dual overhead camshaft engineV形发动机V-engine顶置气门发动机valve in-head engine侧置气门发动机side valve engine无气门发动机valveless engine多气门发动机multi-valve engine卧式发动机horizontal engine斜置式发动机inclined engine立式发动机vertical engineW形发动机w-engineI形发动机I-engineL形发动机L-engineF形发动机F-engine性能performance二冲程循环two-stroke cycle四冲程循环four-stroke cycle狄塞尔循环diesel cycle奥托循环otto cycle混合循环mixed cycle定容循环constant volume cycle工作循环working cycle等压循环constant pressure cycle理想循环ideal cycle热力循环thermodynamic cycle冲程stroke活塞行程piston stroke长行程long stroke上行程up stroke下行程down stroke进气行程intake stroke充气行程charging stroke压缩行程compression stroke爆炸行程explosion stroke膨胀行程expansion stroke动力行程power stroke排气行程exhaust stroke膨胀换气行程expansion-exchange stroke换气压缩行程exchange-compression stroke止点dead center上止点top dead center(upper dead center)下止点lower dead center(bottom dead center)上止点前BTDC(before top dead center)上止点后atdc(after top dead cetner)下止点前bbdc(before bottom dead center)下止点后abdc(after bottom dead center)缸径cylinder bore缸径与行程bore and stroke空气室energy chamber气缸余隙容积cylinder clearance volume燃烧室容积combustion chamber volume气缸最大容积maximum cylinder volume压缩室compression chamber排气量displacement发动机排量engine displacement活塞排量piston swept volume气缸容量cylinder capacity单室容量single-chamber capacity容积法volumetry压缩比compression ratio临界压缩比critical compression ratio膨胀比expansion ratio面容比surface to volume ratio行程缸径比stroke-bore ratio混合比mixture ratio压缩压力compression pressure制动平均有效压力brake mean effective pressure(bmep)空燃比air fuel ratio燃空比fuel air ratio燃料当量比fuel equivalence ratio扭矩torque单缸功率power per cylinder升功率power per liter升扭矩torque per liter升质量mass per liter 减额功率derating power输出马力shaft horsepower马力小时，马力时horsepower-hour总马力gross horse power总功率gross power 净功率net power 燃油消耗量fuel consumption 比燃料消耗率specific fuel consumption空气消耗率air consumption机油消耗量oil consumptioneffective thermal efficiency充气系数volumetric efficiency过量空气系数coefficient of excess air活塞平均速度mean piston speed发动机转速engine speed (rotational frequency)怠速转速idling speed经济转速economic speed起动转速starting speed最低稳定工作转速lowest continuous speed with load最大扭矩转速speed at maximum torque最高空转转速maximum no load governed speed调速speed governing 超速overspeed怠速idling转速波动率speed fluctuation rate工况working condition(operating mode)额定工况declared working condition变工况variable working condition稳定工况steady working condition空载no-load全负荷full load超负荷气缸cylinder（转子机）缸体stator缸径cylinderbore气缸体机架cylinderblockframe气缸盖cylinderhead配气机构箱valvemechanismcasing气缸体隔片cylinderspacer气缸盖密封环cylinderheadringgasket气缸盖垫片cylinderheadgasket气缸套cylinderliner(cylindersleeve)干式缸套drycylinderliner湿式缸套wetcylinderliner气缸水套waterjacketpowerperformance排放性能emissionperformance空转特性noloadcharacteristics负荷特性partthrottlecharacteristics调速特性governorcontrolcharacteristics万有特性mappingcharacteristics气缸体和气缸盖cylinderblockandhead气缸体cylinderblock整体铸造castinblock(castenblock)发动机罩enginebonnet燃烧室combustionchamber主燃烧室maincombustionchamber副燃烧室subsidiarycombustionchamber预燃室prechamber涡流燃烧室swirlcombustionchamber分开式燃烧室dividedcombustionchamber涡流式燃烧室turbulencecombustionchamber半球形燃烧室hemisphericalcombustionchamber浴盆形燃烧室bathtubsectioncombustionchamberL形燃烧室L-combustionchamber楔形燃烧室wedge-sectioncombustionchamber开式燃烧室opencombustionchamber封闭喷射室closedspraychamber活塞顶内燃烧室pistonchamber爆发室explosionchamber燃烧室容积比volumeratioofcombustioncahmber燃烧室口径比surface-volumeratioofcombustionchamber通道面积比arearatioofcombustionchamberpassage曲轴箱通气口crankcasebreather凸轮轴轴承座camshaftbearingbushseat定时齿轮室罩camshaftdrive(gear)cover曲轴箱检查孔盖crankcasedoor曲轴箱防爆门crankcaseexplosionproofdoor主轴承盖mainbearingcap气缸盖罩valvemechanismcover飞轮壳flywheelcover扫气储器scavengingairreceiver活塞piston裙部开槽活塞直接冷却式活