一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时讲义和练习.docx

优业教育学科教师辅导讲义 年 级： 年级 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：课 题时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时授课时间 备课时间：教学目标掌握三种时态的用法和考点重点、难点考点及考试要求教学内容一般现在时一、定义与三单一般现在时(The Simple Present Tense)：表示经常性的事情，经常性的动作或一般性事实。时间状语：often 经常，usually通常，always 总是，every每个，sometimes 有时，at 在几点钟只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”，其他用动词的原形。三单变化：1.多数在动词后s: play plays like likes（1）直接在动词词尾加-s.ask-asks work-works get-gets stay-stays（2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.watch-watches wish-wishes fix-fixes do-doesgo-goes pass-passes（3）以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es.try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies2.不规则变化：be- is are have-has写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式：wash_ match _guess_ study_ finish_ go_ snow_ carry_二、用法（1）一般现在时表示现在的状态或动作。 Everything is in order.一起准备就绪。 （状态）John owns a house by the sea.Joe拥有一所在海边的房子。（动作）2) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作在这种情景中，句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如： I always drink coffee for breakfast.我总是喝咖啡当早餐。My family go to the church on Sundays.我们家人每逢星期天去教堂。She doesnt often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常给家里写信，仅一月一封而已。 I cycle to work every day .我每天骑自行车上班。It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。3）仅为了描述主语的状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了描述现阶段的动作或状态，其重点不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态。例如：He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。Yangtz River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。She majors in music .她主修音乐。All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。4)表示不变的真理及事实。顾名思义，客观的情况是没有时间概念的；也不会在意动作进行的状态。例如：The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.水由氢和氧组成。Three times four is twelve.3乘以4等于12。The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。5)表示眼前的动作或状态。Here comes a bus.公车来了。 I see some sparrows on the roof.我看到屋檐下有麻雀。6）表示确定的未来、计划。Tomorrow is Mothers Day.明天是母亲节。 Our flight leaves at 11:45.我们的飞机11点45分起飞。7) 根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如。：The birds will fly south. The birds will fly south when winter comes. Winter will come. 冬天来临时鸟儿会南飞。What consumers will do if prices rises? 物价上涨时消费者会怎么做？用于一般现在时的副词，除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外，常见的还有：now, today , nowadays等等。三、一般现在时的句子转换：（1）当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句. 例：陈述句：She is a student.疑问句 Is she a student?否定句 She is not a student.陈述句：I can swim.疑问句 Can you swim否定句 I can not swim.（2）当句子中即没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does（单数she,he,it）变成问句；在主语后谓语动词前加助动词dont（I,you,以及复数), doesnt（单数she,he,it）变成否定句，助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。例：陈述句：We get up at 7:00 every morning. 疑问句Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? 否定句We dont get up at 7:00 every morning.陈述句：She has a little brother. 疑问句 Does she have a little brother? 否定句 She doesnt have a little brother.【优优口诀】陈述句变疑问句，一调二变三问号。Ps:一般现在时常和以下时间表达法连用。如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night,every day,on Sunday(s), at seven 等。Do they have math in the morning?She sleeps nine hours every night.It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.They dont have classes on Sundays.练习根据括号的要求变换句子：1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答)2. I have many books.（改为否定句）3. Gao Shans sister likes playing table tennis.（改为否定句）4. She lives in a small town near New York.（改为一般疑问句）5. I watch TV every day.（改为一般疑问句）6. David has got a goal.（改为一般疑问句）7. We have four lessons.（否定句）8. Nancy doesnt run fast.（肯定句）9. My dog runs fast.( 否定句)【语法练习】 选择填空( ) 1.A: How often _ she exercise? B: Twice a week. A. do B. does C. doingD. did( ) 2. I _ like to drink milk.A.not B. doesntC. dont D. no( ) 3. Good food and exercise _ me to study bettter. A. help B. helps C. helping D. to help( ) 4. Is her lifestyle the same _ yours or different? A. as B. in C. at D. to( ) 5. I like _ for breakfast.A. a book B. a rulerC. an eggD. a sofa( ) 6. The _are $21.A. glasses B. shoeC. table D. bike( ) 7. Tennis _ my favourite sport.A. are B. is C. amD. be( ) 8. I have a tennis and my friend Jim _ two tennis rackets. A. have B. play C. plays D. has( ) 9. “Lets play computer games.”“That _ interesting.” A. looks B. sounds C. listens D. reads( )10. My father likes football. But he _ it. 【综合能力检测】 一根椐题意和所给的字母提示，填入正确的单词。1. Hamburger is a kind of j_ _ _ food. I hardly ever eat hamburgers.2. I surf the in_ _ _ _ _ _ every day.3. Look! The old people are on the hill_ _ _. They climb the hills once a week.4. Tom studies English best in our class. He has a big v_ c_b_l_r_.5. My grandparents exercise twice a week to st_ _ healthy.6. Some students watch TV three or four t_ _ _ _ a week.7. Does it m_ _ _ a big difference if you eat fruit every day?8. Its very important to have a good eating h_ _ _ _.9. I never go shopping. I cant st_ _ _ shopping.10. She often g_ _ _ to the movies on weekends.二.连词成句1. what, usually, you do, on, do weekends?_?2. how often, your brother, does, take, a, shower?_?3. I, nine , hours, sleep, every , night._.4. Betty, milk, drinks, every, morning._.5. some, students, once, watch, TV, or, twice, a, week._.三.方框选词 hardly, cleaning, take, gave, try, to play, visiting, exercises, went , goes1. I _ a shower every night.2. My father _ ever watches TV in the evening.3. Thanks for _ me.4. Mary often _ to the movies on weekends.5. Grandma is pretty healthy because she _ every day.6. You must _ to eat less meat.7. I like _ basketball.8. What did you do in summer holidays? I _ to Hongkong with my parents.9. My mother _ me a new bike on my birthday .10.What are you doing? We are _ our room.四. 根椐括号中所给提示词语，回答问题。1. What do you usually do on weekends?( climb the hill)_.2. How often do you go to the movies? ( once a year)_3. How often does your brother play soccer? ( three or four times a week)_4. What does your mother do at home? ( watch TV)_5. Are you healthy? (yes)_一般过去时一概念 ：1.一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。常与表示过去的时间状语连用如：just now,yesterday, three days ago, last week, last year,in 2011等等。I went shopping yesterday. 昨天我去购物了。I saw him in the street three days ago. 三天前我在街上见到他。动词变过去式规则变化：1.一般情况下，在动词末尾加-ed ,如：cook-cooked plant-planted work-worked play-played2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： live-lived move-moved taste-tasted hope-hoped 3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如： study-studied cry-cried carry-carried 4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stop -stopped prefer-preferredrobrobbed beg-begged不规则变化,如 fly-flew; break-broke; teach-taught； bring-brought sell-sold；find-found 这些需要象生单词一样记住.练习一、写出下列动词的过去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _drink_ play_ go_ make _does_ worry_ask _ do _throw _ eat_draw_ put _2.也可以表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常和often，always 等词连用。如：1）Lily always went to school on foot last year. 去年Lily 总是步行去学校。2）A.Mrs. Black always carried an umbrella. 布莱克太太过去老是带着伞。 （只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。） B.Mrs. Black always carries an umbrella.布莱克太太老是带着伞。（说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总是带着伞。）二、一般现在时的结构1.肯定句的基本结构： 主语+be/动词过去式+其他He went to the toy store yesterday.他昨天去玩具店了。We had a good time last night. 昨晚我们玩得很开心。I was ten last year. 我去年十岁。I got up early last morning. 我昨天早上起得早。 2.否定句的基本结构： 主语+did not (didnt) +动词原形+其他He didnt go to the toy store yesterday.他昨天没有去玩具店。I didnt get up early last morning .我昨天早上没有早起。She didnt go to school last Friday.她上个星期五没有去学校。3.一般疑问句的基本结构：Did + 主语+动词原形+其他？Jim went home yesterday . Did Jim go home yesterday? Yes, he did.No, he didnt.I visited the Great Wall last year. Did you visit the Great Wall last year? Yes, I did.No, I didnt.He watched a cartoon on Monday. Did he watch a cartoon on Monday? Yes, he did.No, he didnt.4.特殊疑问句的基本结构：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？I met my friends last week.-What did you do last week ?I met my friends last week.-When did you meet your friends ?I met my friends last week.-Who did you meet last week?三、Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：1.am和is 在一般过去时中变为was. (was not = wasnt)2.are 在一般过去时中变为 were. (were not = werent)3.带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are 一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were提到句首。基础过关练习：练习二、用动词的适当形式填空1. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday.2. We all _ (have) a good time last night.3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.5. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)6. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)7. Jims mother _ (plant) trees just now.8. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.9. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.10. We _ (go) to school on Sunday.练习三、中译英1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。 We _ a film _ _.2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。 _ he _ his r_ and _ last _ _? Yes, he _.3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。 What _ you _ last _ _? We _ the zoo.4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。 Where _ you _ _? I _ at a _.中考真题演练;1. Have you ever been to Singapore? Yes. I there last year with my parents.A. goB. wentC. have beenD. was going2. Hello, mum. Are you still on Lushan Mountain?Oh, no. we are back home. We _ a really good journey.A. have B. had C. are having D. will have 3. Oh, my God! I cant find my key to the office.来%源&:中教网Dont worry. Perhaps it _ at your home. A. left B. has left C. was left D. had left4. Havent I told you that you should be home earlier? Yes, but I home earlier than I usually do.来源:zzste%# A. was coming B. will come C. came D. had come5. Her son _ Coke, but now he _ milk.A.used to drink ; is used to drinking B. used to drinking ; drinksC.is used to drinking ; used to drink D. is used to drink ; is drinking6. In the old days, they_ in the factory from morning to evening. A. were made to work B. asked to work C. made to work D. were asked for work7. Hey, Molly. You _ on the phone just now.But you werent here and the man left a phone number.Oh? I was in the library.来%源:&中*教网 A. wanted B. are wanted C. were wanted D. have wantedwww.z#z&st*8. What would you do if you _ the traffic accident? I would _.来&源:%#A. see; do my housework first B. saw; buy some fruit right awayww#w%.zzstep.c*oC. see; call at I10 at once D. saw；call the police right away9. I hear Mr. Zhang has gone to Beijing for a meeting. Really? Do you know when he _?中国%教*育出版网A. leaves B. was leaving C. has left D. left 10. The smile on Mothers face suggested she_.A. was gladB. was surprised C. is pleasedD. was annoyed11. A new club _ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members. 来#源:中*教%网&A. starts B. is started C. has started D. was started 12. Have you heard of Earth Day?Yes. The first Earth Day _ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.来源:中教%#网A. celebrates . B. celebrated C. is celebrated D. was celebrated www.zzs%t&ep.#com13. When I called the bus service, I _ that there was no more bus.来#源*:A. was telling B. was told C. has told D. had told来源:z#zstep%.&com14. My grandma _ us stories when I was young. A. was used to tell B. is used to telling 中网C. used to tell D. used to telling 来源:*中国教育出版#&网15. Are you a soccer player in your school? Yes, I _ the team two years ago. I _ in the team for two years. A. have joined; have been B. was joined; am C. joined; was D. joined; have been 16. I have been to Shanghai. I _ there last month.A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go17.Mark_in China for 10 years and now he teaches Chinese in Britain.A. has worked B. worked C. had worked D. is working 18. Why is your bedroom so dirty?来源:zzste%&#Sony, Mum. It _. I felt very tired after playing soccer.www.zzstep*&.comA. isnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. doesnt clean D. wasnt cleaned19. What did you do yesterday evening, Gina.? I _ Titanic 3D in the City Cinema.www.z%*zstep.c#omA. watch B. watched C. am watching D. will watch 20.I_ _to Rongjiang last year, but I_ never_ to Chongjiang.A. went; have, been B, will go; have, been C. went; have, gone D. go; have, gone一般将来时一一般将来时的意义：用来描述一个即将要发生的动作；谈论未来的计划和打算。 二一般将来时的形式基本结构及用法： will/shall动词原形 be going to动词原形1will表示将来 Will it rain tomorrow?My brother will be twenty next year.I will give you answer tomorrow.2be going to 表示将来Im going to learn how to drive.Are you going to sell that car?My dog is very ill.Im afraid he is going to die.【注意】will表示纯粹将来；be going to表示将来要做的动作，经过事先计划或安排。The telephone is ringing。-Ok,Ill answer it.What are your plans tonight?-Im going to meet a friend for dinner.我约了其他朋友吃晚餐。3其他表现Please take your seat.The performance is about to begin.请就坐，表演即将开始。“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。My father is taking us to the movies on Saturday.星期六我的爸爸将带我们去看电影。用现在进行时表示将来。（go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作，）He was on the point of going out.他快要出门了。 on the point of 表示时间点，意为“快要”。The President is to make a speech on TV tonight.总统“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。此外，某些词，如come， go， leave， arrive， start， get， stay 等的一般现在时也可表示将来。 The meeting starts at five oclock.会议五点开始。 He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下车【注意】在含有条件状语从句或时间状语从句的复合句中，从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时，且用will而不用be going to。如： Mum will go to Beijing if it doesnt rain tomorrow. When you get home, youll find a new bike in your garden.时间状语：before long 不久 in the future 在将来 in two weeks 在两周后 next week / month / year /summer 下一周/月/ 年/夏天 some day 将来的某一天 soon 很快 this evening 今天晚上 this afternoon 今天下午 tomorrow 明天 the day after tomorrow 后天 三.一般将来时句型： 1.肯定句 句型 主语 + be ( am, is, are ) + going to + 动词原形 eg. Im going to go there next month. 下个月我将去那里。 He is going to visit his grandparents next year. 明年他将要去看望他的爷爷奶奶。 They are going to find a new house to live in. 他们将要找一所新房子住。 2.否定句 句型 主语 + be ( am, is, are ) + not + going to + 动词原形 eg. He isnt going to see the movie. 他不会去看电影。 You arent going to work on the farm this weekend. 这个周末你们不去家场劳动。 We arent going to have a meeting this afternoon. 今天下午我们不开会。 3.一般疑问句 句型 Be ( am, is, are ) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 eg. Are you going to have a party tomorrow? 明天你们要开联欢会吗？ Is he going to write to his friends? 他要给他的朋友写信吗？ Are they going to buy a new car? 他们要买一辆新车吗？ 4.特殊疑问句 句型 特殊疑问词 + be ( am, is, are ) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 eg. What are you going to have tomorrow? 明天你们要吃什么？ What are you going to do tonight? Im going to watch the baseball game.今晚你打算做什么？我想要看棒球赛。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. I_ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport？A. am leaving B. am left C. am going to leaving D. left解析：趋向动词leave 可用现在进行时表将来。选A。2.I_ to see grandma and help her with some housework every week.A. came B. am going come C. come D. will come解析：此题虽然有every week, 但句意中表达的事将要去做的经常性动作。应该用一般将来时。因此选D。3.We Chinese _ the Olympic Games in 2008.A. held B. shall holding C. are holding D. are going to hold解析：本题的时间状语是将来的时间， 所以选用一般将来时，A、D都删去。shall后面应跟动词原型，故应选D.中考真题演练：( ) 11. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving( ) 12. He _ to us as soon as he gets there.A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote( ) 13. He _ in three days.A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back( ) 14. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine