一般过去时讲义.doc

一般过去时1.概念： a）表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。b）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和表示频度的时间状语。2.时间状语： a)ago（一段时间+ago）, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last+时间段(year, night, month)具体时间： b)in 1989（过去年份）, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long ago, once upon a time,etc. this morning/afternoon/evening，long long ago3.基本结构： be动词和行为动词的过去式be动词的一般过去时: 肯定句：主语+was/were+表语 否定句：主语+was/were+not+表语 疑问句：was/were+主语+表语 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+表语实义动词的一般过去时： 肯定句：主语+did+动词原形+宾语 否定句：主语+didnt+动词原形+宾语 疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+宾语6.例句： She often came to help us in those days. I didnt know you were so busy. 一般过去时表示(1)过去某个特定时间发生，并且一下子就完成了的动作（即：非持续性动作），也可以表示(2)过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去。 句式：主语+过去动词+其他 I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。 (1) He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子， 抽烟抽得可凶了。 (2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。 When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的？（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。） I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大约十分钟以前吃的。 （3）Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。 I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。 I ate it at 6：45。我在六点四十五分吃了。 一般过去时的基本用法 1 带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时 如：yesterday（昨天）、two days ago（两天前 ）、last year（去年）、the other day（前几天）、once upon a time（过去曾经）、 just now（刚才）、in the old days（过去的日子里）、in the past（在过去）、before liberation（解放前）、 When I was 8 years old（当我八岁时）、at+一个时间点、the other day/a few days ago(前几天)、in the old days(在过去的日子里) Did you have a party the other day？ 前几天，你们开了晚会了吗？ Lei Feng was a good soldier. 雷锋是个好战士。 注意 “过去”的概念并不是指如“yesterday,last week,”等，实际上“与现在对立的过去”亦即“非现在的以前”，哪怕是“过来说话时间的几分钟之前”。只要所要表达的时间与说话时的“现在”形成对立，就必须使用一般过去时表达。在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时 2 表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时 这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。 The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died. 那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。 3 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作 常与always，never等连用。 Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。 （只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。） 比较 Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是带着伞。 （说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞） 4 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do He used to drink. 他过去喝酒。 （意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了） I used to take a walk in the morning. 我过去是在早晨散步。 （意味着现在不在早晨散步了） 比较： I took a walk in the morning. 我曾经在早晨散过步。 （只是说明过去这一动作） 5 有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！ I didnt know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。 （因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.） I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。（这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）一、动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied二、不规则动词过去式：am,is-wasare-weredo-didsee-saw say-saidgive-gave get-got go-went come-camehave-had eat-ate take-tookrun-ran sing-sang put-put make-maderead-read write-wrote draw-drew drink-drankfly-flew ride-rode speak-spokesweep-swept swim-swam sit-sat 一般过去时态练习(1)首先，写出下列单词的过去时。am,is- are- do- see- say- give- get- go- come- have- eat- take- run- sing- put- make- read- write- draw- drink- fly- ride- speak- sweep- swim- sit- 二.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Tom _ (visit) a farm last week.2. The twins _ (water) the flowers in the garden yesterday morning. 3. I _ (watch) a film with my friend last Friday.4. My father _ (be) in London last year.5. What_ (do) you do three days ago?6. _ (be) there any parks here in 1950?7. What_(do) you do just now? I_(wash) my clothes.8. It _ (be) there just now, but it isnt there now.9. Wheres the camera? It _ (is) there a moment ago. 10. Tom _(go ) to visit a farm last week.三.按要求改写句子。1. We are all happy.(改成一般过去时) We _ all happy.2. I visit my grandparents every week. (用last week代替every week) _3. I played a lot of games with my friends at a camp. (对划线部分提问) _4. Where are you now? (用just now代替now) _5. There were some zebras in the zoo last year. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) _6.Tom often does morning exercise. (改成否定句) Tom _ often _ morning exercise.7. Nancy often has a big lunch with her family on Childrens Day. (改为一般疑问句作否定回答)_四、句型转换1. It was exciting. 否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_2. All the students were very excited. 否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_3. They were in his pocket. 否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_4. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_五、中译英1我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。_2他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。_3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。_一般过去时（2）一、用行为动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday.10. We _ (go) to school on Sunday.11. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.12. We all _ (have) a good time last night.13. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 14. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.15. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)16. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)17. Jims mother _ (plant) trees just now.18. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.19. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.20. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party.21. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.22. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night.23. We _ (have) a party last Halloween.24. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.25. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.26. They _ (