定语从句及练习.doc

序言：定语从句始终是中考中的重点难点，几乎每次考试都会占有一定比例。因此定语从句一直困扰着大部分考生。其实，只要正确地面对，定语从句并不是想象中那样困难。基本知识精讲用一个句子来充当定语，修饰名词或代词，这个句子就叫做定语从句。定语从句位于被修饰的名词或代词（先行词）之后。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。一、 引导定语从句的词（或短语）叫做关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。1） 关系代词的选用我们所熟知的关系代词有which, that, who, whom, whose, as等，它们在引导定语从句是要分清先行词是人还是物、先行词在句中充当干什么成分，明白这两个问题后，关系代词便很容易就能解决。成分先行词 主语宾语定语人Who, that That, who, whom, 省略Whose, of whom物That, whichThat, which, 省略Whose, of which as引导的定语从句是高中阶段的考点，意思是“正如同”、“就像”，先行词是整个主句，有些语法书还把它归纳成状语从句。Eg. Books are our best friend, as people often say.正如同人们所说的那样，书籍是我们最好的朋友。Which也有同样的用法。 有些情况必须用that： 当先行词是不定代词anything, nothing, everything时只能用that 当先行词由few, all, some, no, little, every, any等限定词修饰时，也只能用that 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that 当先行词既有人，又有物时，只能用that也有些情况千万不能用that 在介词后，只能用which或who，不能用that 在引导非限定性定语从句时，只能用which或who，不能用that2） 关系副词的选用定语从句中，关系副词有三个Where：在从句中充当地点状语，指代地点。可用in which代替When：在从句中充当时间状语，指代时间。可用on which代替Why：在从句中充当原因状语，指代原因。 切记how不是关系副词 One of N(pl.)+复数谓语The (only) one of N(pl.)+单数谓语二、 非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句的意思往往不明确；非限定性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，与主句之间通常用逗号分开。Eg. 限定性定语从句：The old lady has two sons who are soldiers. 老妇人有两个当兵的儿子。（意思是不明确老妇人有几个儿子，但一定有两个当兵的）非限定性定语从句：The old lady has two sons, who are soldiers. 老妇人有两个儿子，他们当兵。（意思是老夫妇人有两个儿子并且他们都是当兵的。）限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句区别如下表限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句与先行词关系密切（删掉后影响整个意思的表达）与先行词关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删掉后不影响整个意思的表达）不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开可用关系代词that一般不可用关系代词that关系代词可以省略（当先行词在从句中充当宾语时，可以省略）关系代词不可以省略关系代词可以代替（whom做宾格时，可用who， that代替）关系代词不可以代替读时不停顿读时停顿，用降凋只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分修饰整个主句或主句的一部分， 此时一定有逗号分开，只能由which或as引导相关练习1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. qvyb= A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. P(LyS4 A. how you have observed B. what you have observed SXJ+ - C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. Gc .,& A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. sY 3vY, A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. qj_ A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. 4E A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17. Didnt you see the man _? T5PL A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now 1TLP C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? =k17pt/V# A. that you talked B. you talked about it jzhXSI C. which you talked with D. you talked about 19. Is there anything _ to you? w#,P / A. that is belonged B. that belongs 7-BdUGyk C. that belong D. which belongs 20. - “How do you like the book?” cTK=gr&G| - “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” |GeNhXJ A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. J(;HDZP=_ A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22. The train _ she was travelling was late. vwpX9 A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 23. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. EFlHVhWl9 A. where B. in which C. under which D. which 24. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. 2AO03e&c A. which B. where C. that D. about which 25. Its the third time _ late this month. * !ikPV A. that you arrived B. when you arrived %!t yOT C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived 26. It was in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. 5tE, C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks 34. Is that the reason _ you are in favour of the proposal? XSo3Tb A. which B. what C. why D. for that 35. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. WCuknL9 A. that B. as C. who D. what 36. He has two sons, _ work as chemists. D.,SG A. two of whom B. both of whom L ;=)itjA C. both of which D. all of whom 37. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. 36,k A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is 38. He is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned. $Mw2 A. which we think it is B. which we think are of W*0B4O C. of which we think is D. I think which is of 49. The great day we looked forward to _ at last. u6lQHA A. come B. came C. coming D. comes 体验中考（2009兰州）1.I like the teacher_ classes are very interesting and creative.A.which B.who C.what D.whose（2009东营）2.The young lady _we met yesterday is our new math teacher.Awhat B. whose C. who D. which（2009锦州）3.-Is everything_ we need to do_?-Yes. You neednt worry about it.A. which; has done B.which; doingC. that; has done D. that ;done（2009孝感）4.The skirt_ is made of silk is very expensive. I cant afford is.A. what B./ C that D. it（2009淄博）5.I dont know the teacher _is talking with Miss Wang.A. what B.whome C.which D.who（2008广东）6.Last summer I went to Lu