具有副词性质的状语从句.doc

具有副词性质的状语从句状语从句在复合句中作状语， 其位置较灵活， 可以在主句之前、 之后或中间(放在句首时状语从句后面常用逗号， 放在句末时状语从句前面往往不用逗号)。根据状语从句的含义， 状语从句主要分为时间状语从句、 地点状语从句、 原因状语从句、 目的状语从句、 方式状语从句、 结果状语从句、 条件状语从句、 让步状语从句等八种(本书把比较状语从句列入形容词和副词的比较级的相关考点中)。掌握以上各种状语从句的关键在于把握其相应的引导词， 下表对高考试卷中常见的各种类型状语从句的引导词进行了总结：状语从句种类常考引导词时间状语从句when,while,as,before,after,till/until,since地点状语从句where原因状语从句because,since,as,for目的状语从句so that, in order that,lest, in case方式状语从句as, as if / though结果状语从句so/suchthatso that条件状语从句if, unless, in case, as long as让步状语从句although, though, as通过上表可知， 某些词汇可以引导不同类型的状语从句， 例如so that既可以引导目的状语从句也可以引导结果状语从句(两者所表示的含义恰好相反)； as引导状语从句时有四种可能as可以引导时间状语从句、 原因状语从句、 方式状语从句和让步状语从句， 在高考中要根据具体语境来确定这些词汇的实际含义。高考中状语从句的考查重点是： 时间状语从句、 目的状语从句、 条件状语从句和让步状语从句。本章关于状语从句的介绍将分“高考状语从句的重点类型分析”、 “其他类型的状语从句在高考中的用法简介”两个层面进行第一节 状语从句的重点类型分析考点77： 时间状语从句的用法时间状语从句的引导词所表示的意思不尽相同， 要注意把握不同的时间状语从句的引导词所表示的不同时间关系， 以及它在具体句子中对应的对应时态、 语态等问题。1. when、 as、 while引导的时间状语从句分析：(1) when引导时间状语从句时表示“当的时候”， when既可以指时间段也可指时间点， 从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词， 且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生， 注意体会如下例句： Ill call you when I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。/ When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. 只要风一吹， 这门就吱嘎作响。/ He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time. 他不再试了， 其实他可能下一次就成功。/ When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家时， 妻子在做晚饭。如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同， 而从句的谓语又是be动词时， 那么从句中的主语和be可以省略； 当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时， 往往还可以用“when分词”的形式替代该状语从句。例如： When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help. 当你遭遇麻烦的时候去向她求助。/ When I came into the room(=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep. 当我进入房间的时候， 我发现他躺在那儿睡着了。(2) while引导时间状语从句时表示“当的时候”， 它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行， 用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词， 或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中， 主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词， 例如： Study while you study; play while you play. 该学习的时候就学习， 该玩的时候就玩。/ I met her while I was at school. 当我在学校的时候我遇见了她。(3) as引导时间状语从句时表示“当时， 一边一边”， 侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作)， 或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。例如： He jumps as he goes along. 他边走边跳。/ I slipped on the ice as I ran home. 我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。/ I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 正当他下公共汽车时, 我看见了他。/ As the wind rose the noise increased. 刮风的时候噪声增大。考题1 I had just steeped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _ I heard the steps. (2006湖南)A. while B. when C. since D. after答案 B解析 下划线处表示 “正在这时， 突然”， 四个选项中只有when可以表示此含义。考题2 He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. (2006辽宁)A. why B. where C. when D. while答案 C解析 下划线处表示 “正在这时， 突然”， 四个选项中只有when可以表示此含义。考题3 We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. (2004北京春)A. when B. while C. until D. before答案 A解析 题意为“当我们正在湖里游泳的时候突然暴风雨开始了”， 表示主句的动作处于从句的动作突然发生时应采用when(while不适合用于这样的语境)， when表示“当的时候”受限制条件最少。考题4 Im going to the post office. _ youre there, can you get me some stamps? (1999)A. As B. While C. Because D. If答案 B解析 主句中“get me some stamps”的动作发生在时间状语从句“youre there”的过程之中， 因此应选while表示这一时间关系(属于while引导时间状语从句的两大基本用法之一)。注意： as有时也可用于表示主句的动作发生在从句动作的过程中， 但这一用法不是as引导时间状语从句的主要用法， 表示主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中时用while更为常见， 因此B选项是最佳选项。考题5 _ the days went on, the weather got worse. (1990)A. With B. Since C. While D. As答案 D解析 表示“the days went on”、 “the weather got worse”两个相互伴随地进行变化的动作， 应选as表示这一时间关系(while不适合用于这样的语境)。考题6 Tom _ into the house when no one _. (1992)A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; lookedC. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked答案 A解析 题干当中的when表示“当的时候”， slip表示“偷偷地、 悄悄地移动”， 在本题中表示非延续性的动作“溜进了教室”的结果， 不适合用进行时态表示。第一个下划线处应填入slipped， 以一般过去时客观描述在过去某一时间上发生的动作； look表示延续性的动作， 可以持续进行， 所以第二个下划线处应填入was looking， 以过去进行时描述汤姆溜进教室的大背景。注意： 如果主句的动作发生于表示“当时”的时间状语从句中的动作的进行过程中， 从句常用进行时。例如： The landlady suspected that someone must have broken into the house when/while/as she was watching TV show. 女房东怀疑在她看电视时曾有人闯入屋里。/ When/While/As Tom was reading, Jim was arrested. 在汤姆看书的时候， 吉姆被逮捕了。考题7 I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _. (2006安徽)A. went; was occurring B. went; occurredC. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred答案 C解析 根据题干句子含义， 事故发生于当我沿街行驶、 寻找停车之处的时候； 从句的动作发生在主句动作的过程中。主句的谓语动词go表示非延续性的动作， 可以持续进行， 应选用过去进行时的形式， 从句的谓语动词为非延续性动词， 应以一般过去时的形式表结果。2. before和after 引导的时间状语从句分析：before引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前， after引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。例如： See me before you leave. 在你离开之前来见我。/ Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. 在驾驶公共汽车之前， 他们必须通过专门测验。/ I saw them after I arrived. 在我抵达之后， 我见到了他们。/ I found his pen after he has left. 在他走后， 我找到了他的笔。考题8 He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return to work. (2007江西)A. when B. before C. since D. that答案 B解析 表示“他康复并返回工作岗位之前至少还需要三个月”， 下划线处应选用before。考题9 It was some time _ we realized the truth. (2005山东)A. when B. until C. since D. before答案 D解析 题干意为： 过了一段时间我们才意识到真相。下划线处应填入表示“在之前”的连词。考题10 How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? Perhaps two or three years. (2006福建)A. when B. until C. that D. before答案 D解析 下划线处所在的宾语从句采用一般将来时， 题干中第一句话问将来某一活动之前的时间， before最为适合。考题11 Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word. (2006四川)A. before B. until C. when D. after答案 A解析 根据题干中第一句话的提示， 第二句话中的“he rushed out of the room”发生于“I could say a word”之前。3. till和 until 引导的时间状语从句分析：till和 until这两个词作连词和介词时的意义和用法相同， 一般可以换用(放在句首时通常用until的形式， till在口语中更为常见)。till和 until引导时间状语从句时跟主句里肯定形式或否定形式的、 表示延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“到为止”， 跟主句里否定形式的、 表示非延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“直到才(开始)”， 例如： Walk till you come to a white house. 一直走到一座白房子为止。/ We didnt discuss the problem until he came back. 我们一直等到他回来后才讨论问题。考题12 It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _ weve actually had that lesson. (2007天津)A. until B. after C. since D. when答案 A解析 题干的句子可以直译为： “在我们一生中， 学到某个教训是困难的， 直到我们真正经历了这个教训为止。”考题13 A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. (2003上海)A. when B. unless C. after D. until答案 D解析 讲故事的人应该始终抓住听众的好奇心， 本题应选用表示“到为止”(跟主句里肯定形式的表延续性动作的谓语动词连用)的until 表示这一时间关系。考题14 I dont really work here; I _ until the new secretary arrives. (1994)A. just help out B. have just helped outC. am just helping out D. will just help out答案 C解析 “I dont really work here”表明说话人只是临时前来帮忙， “until the new secretary arrives”表明说话人， 工作到新秘书就任为止， 本题应选用表示“到为止”(跟主句里肯定形式的表延续性动作的谓语动词连用)的until表示这一时间关系。考题15 They _ the train until it disappeared in the distance. (1998)A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed答案 B解析 题干中的主句为肯定句， until需要跟主句里肯定形式的表延续性动作的谓语动词连用， 因此本题应选表示延续性动作的watched(其他选项中的saw， noticed， observed所表示的动作都不能延续， 意味着结果)。考题16 Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. (2003北京春)A.after B.unless C.until D.when答案 C解析 until跟主句里否定形式的、 表非延续性动作的谓语动词连用时， 表示“直到才(开始)”， 本题应选until与主句中的“never praised”对应， 表示“他的父亲直到他成为年级里的尖子生之一时才开始称赞他”。考题17 “You cant have this football back _ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly. (2006广东)A. because B. since C. when D. until答案 D解析 题干中的直接引语较为复杂， 根据“promise”的提示， 该直接引语应表示一种假设， 意为： 你将不能拿回这足球， 直到你承诺不再把它踢向我的猫。4. since引导的时间状语从句分析：since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从以来”， 其用法主要有两种：(1) 现在完成时的主句since引导的一般过去时态的时间状语从句。例如： He hasnt been home since he graduated. 他毕业后没回过家。/ They have been friends ever since they were in grade school. 他们从小学起就一直是好朋友。/ What have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你见面以后， 你在做什么？(2) It be(主句中谓语用一般式和用完成式区别不大， 后者更具强调意味)表示一段时间的词汇since引导的时间状语从句。例如： It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我成为研究生已经有2年了。It was three years since we had been there. 我们在那儿已呆了三年。注意： since做介词时也表示“自从以来”， 其具体用法有两种情况：(1) since表示过去某个时间点的词汇(如具体的年、 月、 日期、 钟点)。例如： They have been friends since childhood. 他们从幼时起一直是好朋友。Shes been skiing since childhood. 她从幼时起就开始滑雪。I have been there many times since the war. 自那次战争以来， 我曾去该地多次。(2) since表示一段时间的词汇ago。例如： I have been here since five months ago. 五个月以来我一直在这里。考题18 What was the party like? Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. (1993)A. after B. before C. when D. since答案 D解析 since表示“自从以来”。考题19 They _ friends since they met in Shanghai. (1989)A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned答案 C解析 题干中的since表示“自从以来”， 主句中的谓语动词应该表示从他们在上海相遇至今的持续性的动作， 因此下划线处应填入可以表示持续性状态的have been(其他选项中的made、 become、 turned所表示的动作都不能延续， 意味着结果)。考点78： 目的状语从句的用法目的状语从句可以由表示“为了， 以便”的so that(有时省略so)， in order that和表示“以免， 以防”的lest， for fear that， in case引导(lest， for fear that后的目的状语从句一般要用“可以省略的should动词原形”的虚拟语气形式； in case后的目的状语从句多用虚拟语气， 但也可用陈述语气)。例如： They set out early that they might arrive in time. 他们早点动身， 以便及时到达。/ She takes notes carefully in class so that she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class. 她在课堂上认真记笔记， 以便她能在课后很好地复习功课。/ He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard. 他尽力大声叫喊， 以便别人能听见。/ I will not make a noise lest I (should) disturb you. 我不出声， 以免打搅你。/ He is working hard for fear that he (should) fail. 他认真学习， 以免考不及格。/ Take your umbrella in case it rains. 带上雨伞， 以防下雨。如果表示“为了， 以便”的目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同， 可用in order to或 so as to取代该目的状语从句， 注意体会以下例句： He hurried through his work in order to catch the train. 他匆匆干完手中的活， 为的是能赶上火车。/ I sent the plans in order for you to study them fully before the meeting. 我寄上这些计划以使你会前充分研究一下。 / The desks are kept some distance apart, so as to prevent cheating. 这些书桌都隔着一段距离摆放， 以防作弊。 / I came so early as to catch the first train. 我起得早， 以便能赶上头班火车。考题1 Id like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea. (2005北京)A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that答案 D解析 so that表示希望实现的目的。考题2 Roses need special care _ they can live through winter. (2004)A. because B. so that C. even if D. as答案 B解析 so that表示希望实现的目的。考题3 Leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day. (2007北京)A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case答案 D解析 “you lock yourself out one day”是应该避免出现的结果， 下划线处应选用in case， 引导目的状语从句, 表示“以免”。考题4 I shall stay in the hotel all day _ there is news of the missing child.(2000上海春)A.in case B.no matter C.in any case D.ever since答案 A解析 题干意为： 我将整天在旅店里呆着， 以防有丢失孩子的消息。本题应选in case引导目的状语从句表示“以防”。考点79： 条件状语从句的用法条件状语从句表示条件， 现将其在高考卷中的常见引导词介绍如下：1. if 表示正面的条件， 意为“如果”； unless (=if not) 表示负面的条件， 意为“除非， 如果不”。例如： If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请求他， 他会帮助你。/ If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。(本例句属于第8章中介绍过的以虚拟语气表示非真实条件句的情况。) / He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business. 他一定会来， 除非他有急事。2. in case， on condition that， providing， provided (that)， supposing， suppose (that)等词汇意思相近， 指“假如， 假使， 在条件下”(比if更为书面化)。例如： In case he comes, let me know. 如果他来的话， 告诉我一声。/ I shall give you my dictionary on condition that you return it tomorrow. 我将把我的字典给你， 如果你明天要还的话。 / I will go, providing/provided (that) my expenses are paid. 只要我的费用有人付， 我就去。 / Suppose/Supposing (that) he does not come, what shall we do? 他要是不来， 我们该怎么办？3. as long as (=so long as) 表示充分必要条件， 引导语气强烈的条件状语从句时， 意为“只要”。例如： I will cooperate as long as I am notified on time. 只要及时告诉我， 我就会合作。 / You may use the book so long as you will return it on time. 只要你准时还， 你就可以借这本书。考题1 Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water _ they are not managed carefully. (2007上海)A. though B. before C. until D. if答案 D解析 根据全句意思， “they are not managed carefully”应表示一种假设， 因此下划线处应选用if引导条件状语从句。考题2 In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. (2006重庆)A. whether B. untilC. if D. unless答案 C解析 本题应选意为“如果”的if表示假设。考题3 I would appreciate it _ you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment. (2003上海春)A. until B. if C. when D. that答案 B解析 本题应选意为“如果”的if表示假设。考题4 It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health. (2005重庆)A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if答案 A解析 本题应选意为“如果不， 除非”的unless表示假设。考题5 Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but _ they have eggs or young chicks, they dont use a nest. (2007湖南)A. why B. how C. unless D. where答案 C解析 综合整句的意思， 下划线处应表示“除非”含义的假设。考题6 You will succeed in the end _ you give up halfway. (2001上海春)A. even if B. as though C. as long as D. unless答案 D解析 本题应选意为“如果不， 除非”的unless表示假设。注意： even if表示“即使”， as though表示“好像”， as long as表示“只要”， 填入下划线都讲不通。考题7 John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _ he phones. (2000北京、 安徽春)A. as long as B. in order thatC. in case D. so that答案 C解析 本题应选in case表示假设。注意： in order that， so that都表示目的， 不符合题干的语境； 题干中表示推测的“John may phone tonight.”表明说话人对约翰打电话过来没有太大的把握性， 不适合采用语气强烈的as long as表示假设。考题8 Im afraid Mr. Wood cant see you until 4 oclock. Oh, _ I wont wait. (2005浙江)A. no doubt B. after all C. in that case D. in this way答案 C解析 本题应选in that case表示假设。考题9 _ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. (2003北京)A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While答案 C解析 本题应选意为“只要”的as long as表示语气强烈的假设。考点80： 表示“虽然， 即使， 尽管”的让步状语从句的用法1. although， though， even though， even if都表示“虽然， 即使， 尽管”之意， though 和although 语气较弱(其中的though 比although 通俗, 不如although 正式)， even if和even though 带有强调意味而显得语气更强。例如： Although they are poor, they are happy. 虽然他们很穷， 但很快乐。/ Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat. 天气虽然很冷, 但他没有穿大衣就出去了。/ Though they may not succeed, they will still try. 即使他们可能不会成功， 但他们仍努力尝试。 / The article is very important though it is short. 那篇文章虽然很短， 但很重要。/ He is better, though not yet cured. 他好一点了， 虽仍未痊愈。/ Even though it was raining, she walked to work. 即使下雨， 她也是走着去工作的。/ Ill visit him this evening even if I can stay only a few minutes. 今晚我将去拜访他， 即使我只能停留一小会儿。注意： though 引导的让步状语从句的用法比较特殊， 它可以倒装， 也可以不倒装， 具体用法参见as引导让步状语从句的用法。2. as引导让步状语从句表示“虽然、 即使、 尽管”， 其引导的让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构， as引导的倒装形式的让步状语从句的基本结构为： 形容词/副词/名词(单数可数名词前一般不带冠词， 有时也可见单数可数名词前形容词与不定冠词连用、 形容词放在不定冠词前)/动词/过去分词as主语谓语的其他部分。注意体会下列典型例句： Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. 这位作者尽管了不起， 到头来却成了一个坏榜样。/ Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true. 这个故事看似荒唐， 却是真的。/ Rich as he is, he is not happy. 虽然他很富有， 但他并不幸福。/ Child as he is, he can tell black from white.(倒装时要省去单个名词前的冠词)尽管还是个孩子， 他却能分辨黑白。/ Brave (a) man as he is, he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢， 可见到蛇还是发抖。 / Badly wounded as he was, he remained quite optimistic. 尽管伤势很重， 他仍然十分乐观。/ Try as he would, he could not lift the rock. 虽然尽了最大努力， 但是他仍然不能搬动那块石头。考题1 We had to wait half an hour _ we had already booked a table. (2007辽宁)A. since B. although C. until D. before答案 B解析 下划线处之后所述的“我们已经预订了一桌”与前面所述的“我们已经不得不等了半个小时”之间语意相反， 四个选项中although表示“即便”， 引导让步状语从句最为合适。考题2 _ most of the earths surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious. (2006上海春)A. As B. Once C. If D. Although答案 D解析 句意为： 虽然地球表面覆盖着水， 但是纯净水仍然很稀有、 珍贵。下划线处应引导让步状语从句， 填入although最为合适。考题3 _ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. (2006)A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although答案 D解析 下划线处应引导让步状语从句， 填入although最为合适。考题4 Although he is considered a great writer, _. (1991)A. his works are not widely readB. but his works are not widely readC. however his works are not widely readD. still his works are not widely read答案 A解析 英语不允许在连词although、 though引导的让步状语从句之后的主句句首重复使用连词， 如果要在复合句中强调某种特别的意义， 可以在主句的句首加上yet、 still等副词。例如： Although she has a lot of money, (yet/still) she is not happy. 虽然她很有钱， 但是她并不快乐。本题题干中没有通过特定的语境暗示需要对主句进行特别强调， 因此只需用although引导让步状语从句即可， 不必在主句的句首加副词(更不能在主句的句首加连词)。注意： 本题中的works指“作品、 著作”， 例如表达“莎士比亚的作品”可以用“the works of Shakespeare”。考题5 There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _ she was an only child. (2005辽宁)A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as答案 C解析 下划线处应引导让步状语从句， 四个选项中只有even though可以引导让步状语从句。考题6 Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _ they knew it to be valuable. (2007浙江)A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that答案 C解析 “Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice”和“they knew it to be valuable”意思相反， 四个选项中引导让步状语从句的even though最为适合。考题7 Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _ they are different from your own. (2005湖南)A.until B. even if C. unless D.as though答案 B解析 题干句意为： 让孩子们有发言的空间， 即使他们的观点与你的不同。从句与主句为让步关系， 应由even if 引导从句。考题8 _, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. (2005重庆)A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student答案 B解析 as引导让步状语从句应该倒装， 本题中需要放在as之前的部分应该是整个表语部分并且要省略student前的不定冠词(若要保留该不定冠词， 则应将其置于quiet与student之间)。考题9 _, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. (2001上海)A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so muchC. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much答案 C解析 从句“I have traveled”与主句“I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John”之间具有明显的让步关系， 本题应选用as的倒装形式引导让步状语从句。考题10 _, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. (2007重庆)A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound答案 D解析 “他的建议在会上被全部的人所接受”与“他的建议听起来或许奇怪”之间意思相反， 因此下划线处引导的从句应为让步状语从句， 而as引导让步状语从句应采用倒装结构， 由此先排除不是倒装结构的选项B、 C， 再排除倒装形式不正确的选项A， 最终选出D。考点81： 表示“无论, 不管”的让步状语从句的用法表示“无论， 不管”的让步状语从句的引导词在含义上各有侧重， 学习其用法时要分别进行把握。