汉译英专项训练.doc

第一周1. There is no time limitation in such classes so students can repeat exercises_(想要多少次都可以)参考答案 as many times as they need详细解答 考查连接结构asas，表示“同一样达到某种程度”。2. The media are_(起着越来越重要的作用) in leading fashions and trend.参考答案 playing an increasingly important role。详细解答 要注意副词increasingly的用法。3. _(这件夹克不但太大）, the jacket dont match my trousers either.参考答案 Apart from being too large 详细解答 apart from在此相当于in addition to还有一个意思等同于except for。4. Now that the cold war is over, we must begin to_(集中更多的精力来谋求世界和平).参考答案 concentrate more on world peace 详细解答 此处考查动词concentrate的用法。另外注意代词more的用法。5. She has got used to_(用吸管喝牛奶) though she is only two months old.参考答案 sucking milk through a straw 详细解答 此处used是形容词，表示“已适应，已习惯”，to后接名词或动名词形式。6. Depending on what you are looking for, you have to judge for yourself_(这些资料对你来说有多大的相关性）。参考答案 how relevant the material is for you详细解答 此处考查how引起的宾语从句的用法，表示“多么，到何种程度”。7. Mary received unemployment compensation_ (当他从工厂下岗后）。参考答案 when she was laid off from her factory 详细解答 此处考查动词短语lay off的用法。8. _(第一次也是最后一次) did I quarrel with my beloved parents. 参考答案 For the first and last time详细解答 此句为倒装结构。注意first和last的连用情况。9. True friendship foresees the needs of others_(而不是声明自己的要求)参考答案 rather than proclaims its own详细解答 rather than意思相当于instead of。10. I tried every means to get a copy of her newly issued album,_(却没有得到).参考答案 but failed。详细解答 此处考查动词fail的用法。第二周1. We dont laugh at_(那伙敢于尝试的人) no matter how many errors they make.参考答案 those who dare try详细解答 此处考查定语从句的用法。注意情态动词dare的用法。2. America is frequently referred to as a throw-away society because_(大多数产品都是用过就扔的）参考答案 most products are made to use and then discard详细解答 注意此处两个动词use和discard的用法。3. The Committee decided that a proposal_(应立即提交给国会).参考答案 (should)be submitted to the state council immediately 详细解答 此处考查虚拟语气。另需注意动词submit的用法。4. _(强迫证人作出对自身不利的证词) is against his constitutional rights.参考答案 Forcing a witness to testify against himself详细解答 考察动词testify的用法。注意动名词forcing的用法。5. Even if all government money for research were cut off, the force of competition_ _（仍将带来技术的近步）参考答案 would still bring about advances in technology。详细解答 此处考查虚拟语气。6. Many private companies_(不得不宣布破产) when they begin to lose business to their competitors.参考答案 are forced to declare bankrupt 详细解答 被动语态，非谓语动词注意动词declare的用法。7. I bought a large box of fast noodles thinking_(他能够我一个星期吃的).参考答案 it would last(me)the whole week 详细解答 考查动词last的用法，表示“足够维持”。8. Doctors use medical histories to help diagnose problems and_(为病人开出治疗处方）参考答案 prescribe medical care for patients prescription详细解答 考查动词prescribe的用法.9. _(他们最担心的) is their 30 year otd daughter who is still single.参考答案 what worries them most 详细解答 此处考查主语从句。同时考查动词worry的用法。10. Sometimes I fight for Mom and sometimes I fight for Dad, but I wish_(让我从中完全解脱出来）参考答案 they would leave me out of it completely。详细解答 此处考查虚拟语气。同时考查leave的用法。第三周1. A lighted cigarette_(被扔出汽车或火车窗外) can start a fire.参考答案 thrown out of a car or train window。详细解答 此处考查动词的过去分词。2. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene_ (来搭救这几个幸存者）参考答案 to rescue the survivors。详细解答 此处考查动词rescue的用法。It was not long before.表不“不久就”。3. The earthquake left thousands of people _ (急需要医疗照顾）.参考答案 in urgent need of medical care。详细解答 空格处是句子的补语成分。注意形容词urgent的用法。4. There is_（无可否认）that he has directed the most popular films in ten years.参考答案 no denying the fact。详细解答空格处是there be结构的主语成分，应该用动名词形式。5. We booked rooms at the hotel lest_(我们到达时没有空房).参考答案 we should find no vacancies on our arrival详细解答 lest引导的状语从句中常用动词原形或should+动词原形，表示“惟恐，以防”的意思；“我们到达时”可以翻译成词组“on our arrival”。6. I have never have_(告到法院) if I hadnt been so desperate.参考答案 resorted to a court 详细解答 resort to意为“求助于，诉诸于(某种不太好的手段)”，尤其是在没有别的办法的情况下，resort to正与本题中说到的万般绝望的情况相符。7. It is high time that_ (终止这种做法)参考答案 such practices were ended 详细解答 在lt is high time that结构中，that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，以过去时表示现在时。8. The continuous rain_ (推迟了小麦的收割) by two weeks.参考答案 set back the harvesting of the wheat crop详细解答 本题考查词组set back，意为“阻碍，减缓进程”，set的过去式仍是原形；动名词短语the harvesting of the wheat crop做set back的宾语。9. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter_(白天我们可能做什么).参考答案 what we may have done during the day详细解答 no matter what引导含让步意义的从句，白天的行为应在晚上dream之前发生，所以用完成时表达，再加上语义要求是一种可能性，故“可能做什么”可翻译成may have done sth，表示对过去情况的不肯定猜测，而且此处情态动词may语义上具有让步功能，常用于让步状语从句中。10. Joe is not good at sports, but_(说到数学),he is the best in the class.参考答案 when it comes to mathematics 详细解答 when it comes to sth表示“说到、谈到某事”，用来引起另一个话题，本句从“运动”到“数学”，是话题的转换；从原句中其他部分可知此从句也应是一般现在时。第四周1. Things might have been much worse if_(母亲当时坚持要求抚养孩子的权力).参考答案 the mother had insisted on her fight to keep the baby 详细解答 主句“情态动词+动词完成式”的形式是对过去事实的虚拟，所以从句应该用过去完成时，表示与过去相反的假设，“坚持要求”可用词组“insist on sth”，故从句谓语翻译为“had insisted on”；“抚养孩子的权利”可翻译为“ones right to keep the baby”。2. It_ (使你享受原价至少50%的折扣) of either frames or lenses when you buy both.参考答案 entitles you to at least 50of the regular price 详细解答 本题考查固定表达entitle sbto sth意思是“给某人的权利或资格”，本句说到的折扣就是一种优惠；“原价的50”可以翻译为：50of the regular price。3. By the time he arrives in Beijing,_(我们就已在这里呆两天了).参考答案 we will have stayed here for two days详细解答 by the time后接表示将来时间的词、短语或一个表将来动作的从句(如本题)时，主句要用将来完成时，表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作，故谓语动词应为“will have stayed”。4. He asked us to_ (帮助实施他们的计划).参考答案 assist them in carrying through their plan 详细解答 本题考查两个固定搭配形式assist sbin doing sth意为“援助，帮助”；carrythrough意为“进行，贯彻，实施”。5. Doctors warned against chewing tobacco_ (代替吸烟).参考答案 as a substitute for smoking 详细解答 substitute意为“代替；代用品”，as a substitute for sth表示“作为的代用品”。6. But that_(当时他缺钱）, he could have come to help us.参考答案 he was short of money at the time详细解答 but that意为“若不是”，表示虚拟的条件，主句表示假设条件的结果要用虚拟语气，而that从句表述的是事实情况，故从句中的动词用陈述语气；“缺钱”可以翻译为“be short of money”。7. Her sun-tanned face suggested that_ (他很健康).参考答案 she was in excellent health详细解答 suggest作“建议”讲，其后的从句需用虚拟语气，但当“暗示”讲时，其后从句需用陈述语气。此句suggest意为“暗示，表明”，故后面从句翻译应用陈述语气；“很健康”可翻译为：be in excellent health。8. His wife is constantly_(挑他的毛病), which makes him very angry.参考答案 finding fault with him 详细解答 find fault with sb表示“挑某人的毛病”，是固定搭配；原文用现在进行时表示一般时，表达一定的主观感情，在原句表达的是一种“不耐烦生气”的感情。9. If only_ (他愿意按我告诉的去做）,but he wont.参考答案 he would do what I tell him详细解答 if only”意为“但愿，要是就好了”，由if only引导的句子谓语动词需用虚拟语气，如果表示现在的愿望，用wouldcould + do，如果表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用wouldcould + have：done，根据题于的后半部分，可知句子表示的是与现在事实相反的愿望。10. The British constitution is_(在很大程度上)a product of the historical events described above.参考答案 to a large extent 详细解答 to a large extent是固定搭配，意思是“在很大程度上”。第五周1. Supposing_(你有出国的机会), where would you go?参考答案 you had the opportunity to go abroad详细解答 supposing与providing等本身形式上是现在分词，但在功能上被视为连词，同if，only等一样可以引导虚拟条件句，本题就是由supposing引导的虚拟条件句，因为主句的时态是将来时态，故从句用过去式：had the opportunity。2. Do you think we may meet your ridiculous demand? Thats_(不可能的).参考答案 out of the question 详细解答 out of the question表示“不可能的，办不到的，不必谈的”，注意：out of question表示“毫无疑问”(= no doubt)。3. The millions of calculations involved , had they been done by hand,_ (早以失去其实际价值了) by the time they were finished.参考答案 would have lost all practical value详细解答原句中had they been done by hand是一个因省略了if而倒装的虚拟条件句，该从句用的是过去完成时，表示与过去情况相反的假设，所以主句也应表示与过去情况相反的事实，用“would+ have +过去分词”形式。4. She is a good girl: she never laughed at others,_(也不乱发脾气).参考答案 nor did she ever lose her temper 详细解答 句子前部分含有否定意义，需要翻译的句子也表示否定，故应用表示否定的nor(或neither)连接，且应当用倒装结构；“发脾气”翻译为“lose ones temper”。5. There is_(没法时入)the house from the main road.参考答案 no access to详细解答 access to sth意为“接近或进入某地的方法；通路”。6. Jack wishes that he_(学的是商务) instead of history when he was in university.参考答案 had been studying business 详细解答 wish引导的从句中谓语动词常用虚拟形式，表示一种与事实相反的愿望。如果是与现在相反的愿望，就用动词的一般过去时，如果表示与过去事实相反的愿望就用动词的过去完成时，与本身的时态无关。本句是表示与过去他在大学期间的事实相反的愿望，所以用过去完成时，由于“学习”(study)是在过去某时间段内持续进行的一项动作，故用过去完成进行时had been studying。7. The author