非谓语动词(最新).docVIP

- 9 -非谓语动词（最新）一、非谓语动词的种类：不定式（to do）、 动名词（ doing）、 现在分词（doing）、 过去分词（V-ed）不定式主动式被动式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing/完成进行式to have been doing/现在分词主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done注：-ing分词的一般式和完成式： 1.-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 2.-ing分词的被动式： -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. 他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。二、非谓语动词的功能：1） 不定式相当于名词、形容词或副词的功能。 2）动名词相当于名词或形容词的功能。3） 现在分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。 4）过去分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。三、非谓语动词在句中所作的成分非谓语动词主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词（注：动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的动作。 a swimming pool动名词作定语，a swimming fish现在分词作定语。）1、非谓语动词用做定语1.Please give him something . A.eatenB. eatingC. to eatD. to be eaten2.I need a pen . A. written B. to write C. to write with D. writing with3.The room the sea is my grandpas A. faced B. facing C.to face D.faces4. The woman the clothes over there is my aunt. A. washed B. being washed C. To wash D. washing5.The bridge, in 1950,broke down in the flood. A.built B.had built C. building D. to be built6.Things are mighter(强大的)than things . A. seen; hearing B.seeing;heard C. to see; to hearD.seen;heardCompare the phrases or sentences below：1. The rising sun The risen sun2. The man invited to the party is my boss. The man inviting many guests is my boss3. Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office. Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing4 . rushed into the burning house. The child standing over there is my brother.5.he problem being discussed now has something important to do with our daily life. The problem discussed yesterday has something important to do with our daily life. Premier Zhou is a leader loved by the people.不定式,现在分词,过去分词作定语的用法区别：1.位置关系：1）动词不定式做定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。2）分词做定语有时放在被修饰词后，有时可以放在其前面2. 与被修饰词的关系：1）不定式与被修饰词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。2）V-ing 与被修饰词是主动关系3）过去分词与被修饰词是被动关系3.动作发生的时间关系：1）不定式可以表示发生在主句谓语动词动作之后的动作。2）现在分词可以表示与谓语动词动作同时发生或正在发生的动作。3）过去分词可以表示在谓语动词动作之前的动作或永久性的动作。不定式作定语的用法1. If theres a lot of work _, I am happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing 2. The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving知识链接 不定式作定语,不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生。当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式一般用被动语态，但to blame的主动形式表示被动意义。 2.考查现在分词作定语的用法1.There are hundreds of visitor _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait2. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _Chinese in the school, most _were from Germany. A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom知识链接现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。被修饰的名词就是该现在分词的逻辑主语，逻辑主语是现在分词表示的动作的执行者。单个现在分词作定语前置，现在分词短语作定语后置。3.过去分词作定语的用法1. Throughout history, the language _ by a powerful group spreads across a civilization A. speaking B. spoken C. to speak D. to be spoken2. It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year. A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found3. The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completedD.being completed知识链接过去分词作定语，表示完成或被动的动作,与被修饰名词为被动关系。被修饰名词是动词的宾语。过去分词做定语相当于一个含被动语态的定语从句。单个词放在所修饰词前，短语放在所修饰词后。Do some excises below:1.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role in making the earth a better place to live. A. to have playedB. to playC. to be playedD. to be playing2.Where should I send my form? - The personal office is the place . A. for sending it B. to send it toC. to send D. to send it3.There was a noise the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed2、非谓语动词用做状语：1.He woke up only to find himself lying on a bed in a hospital.2.There is something for everyone here and few visitors leave Rio, feeling disappointed.3. Given more attention, the trees would grow better.4.Not having received his reply, he decided to write againCompare the following sentences:1.We are glad to hear the news.2.His family was too poor to support him.3.They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.4.They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.5.Seeing from the top of the hill,you can find the city more beautiful.6.Seen from the top of the hil ,the city is more beautiful.7.Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow.8.Time permitting, we will go there.Complete the excises below:1.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left. A. To tell B. to be told C. telling D. told2.Cant you read? Mary said to the notice A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. to point D. and angrily pointedly1. 动词不定式作目的状语的常见结构1. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding2. _the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly. ATo ensure BEnsuring CHaving ensured. DTo have ensured3. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making知识链接只有不定式作目的状语，表示在谓语动词动作之后发生的动作。为了表示强调，不定式前加in order或so as.2. 不定式, 分词作结果状语的常见结构1.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told2. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US $57. 65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching3. The storm left ,_a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have causedC. to cause D. having caused知识链接1).不定式作结果状语的情况较少，主要出现在下列结构中：(1)tooto do结构; (2) .enough to do结构；(3) only / just to do(不料却)。近几年高考命题只考查only/just to do结构, 且是高考热点。2). 作结果状语的大多是分词，常在句末, 用逗号隔开。3. 考查分词作原因、条件状语的常见结构1. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed2. ._for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed3. _ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven 考点说明1). 现在分词和过去分词都可作原因、条件状语。但现在分词表将来或主动，过去分词表完成和被动。表示原因，相当于because, since和 as引导的原因状语从句。表示条件，相当于if条件状语从句。2). 现在分词有时态和语态的变化，过去分词只有一般式。 4. 考查现在分词和过去分词作时间状语的基本用法1.When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared2. _ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked3. _that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am abler than her. A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying考点说明分词作时间状语，相当于when, before, while, after, since引导的时间状语从句。分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,则用现在分词。如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,则用过去分词。现在分词有时态和语态的变化，而过去分词只有一般式。 5. 现在分词和过去分词作方式或伴随状语的用法1. He was busy writing a story, only _once in a while to smoke a cigarette. A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stopped2. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought3. My cousin came to see me from the country, _me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought4. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished说明现在分词和过去分词作方式或伴随状语是高考考查的重点和热点。特别是历年全国卷中现在分词作方式状语的用法几乎年年考查。3. 动词不定式、动名词作宾语的用法。1）.动名词作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。 1.Can I smoke here. Sorry. We dont allow _ here. A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking2. You cant imagine what difficulty we had _home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking知识链接 常用能接动名词的动词：admit, appreciate, avoid, advise, cant help, celebrate, consider, complete, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, practice, prevent, resist, risk, stop, suggest, understand, allow等。 2）.动名词作短语动词和介词宾语的固定搭配。 1.They are quiet, arent they? Yes. They are accustomed _ at meals. A. to talk B. to not talk C. to talking D. to not talking2. Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers. A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking3. 改错Im looking forward to hear from you soon. 知识链接1. 常见的短语动词有：leave off, put off, give up, cant help, cant stand, feel like, insist on, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from), keepfrom, stop(from), protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in 等。 2. 下列短语中的to 为介词，后面只能接动名词或名词：look forward to, be familiar to, oweto, put ones mind to, turn to, get down to, attributeto, live up to, in relation to, admit to, be devoted to, owing to, thanks to, object to, be accustomed to等。 3.不定式作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。1. I dont want _like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the manager s plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded2. I cant stand _with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop知识链接 常见的能接不定式作宾语的及物动词有：afford, agree, ask, arrange, attempt, beg, begin, choose, claim, determine, decide， dare, desire, demand, expect, fail, forget, hate, hope, manage, intend, learn, help，like, long, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, seek, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, seem, tend, threaten, volunteer, want, wish等。4.某些动名词和不定式作宾语意义的差别。1. Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking2. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again. A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting知识链接 接不定式或动名词意义有差别的动词：1.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做); forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)2. remember to do sth.记着去做某事(未做); remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)3. stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事; stop doing sth.停止做正在做的某事4. regret to do sth.对尚未做的或正在做的事情表示遗憾; regret doing sth.对已做的事情表示后悔5. try to do sth努力去做某事; try doing sth.做某事试一试6. mean to do sth. 打算、意欲做某事; mean doing sth.意味着做某事 4.不定式,现在分词,过去分词作宾补的用法。1. 考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见搭配1. Excuse me sir,where is Room 301? Just a minute. Ill have Bob _you to your room. A.show B.shows C. to show D. showing2. Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced _their homes. A. leaving B. to leave C. to be left D. being left 知识链接1.需要不定式作宾语补足语的动词：ask, advise, allow, beg, believe, call on, cause, command, direct, feel, expect, enable, encourage, force, get, hate, intend, invite, lead，like, order, permit, persuade, prefer，request, remind, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。2. 要求省掉不定式的to作宾补的动词：feel, have, hear, help, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, observe, see, watch等。2. 现在分词作宾语补足语的常见搭配1. My sister, an inexpensive rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _ to balance it . A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried2. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt3. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him. A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call知识链接以下动词可以接现在分词作宾补： see, hear, smell, feel, watch, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to, catch等表示感觉的动词，现在分词的动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行的动作。have, keep, get, set, send, leave等表示“致使”等意义的动词。3. 过去分词作宾语补足语的常见搭配1. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 2. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _in a short period. A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve知识链接 过去分词作宾语补足语用于下列结构 ：1. keep/leave + 宾语 + 过去分词(表状态的动词)。2. have/get +宾语+过去分词: (A)让/请/叫某人做某事; (B)遭遇到某种不幸。(C)使某事完成。3. make + oneself +过去分词。常见的过去分词有：understood, known, heard，respected，noticed等。4.watch(notice, see, hear, listen to, feel, find) +宾语+过去分词(强调宾语所处的状态)5. want (wish, like, expect, order) +宾语+过去分词。5.非谓语动词的特殊句型及其它用法。1. 考查“S + is said to do/to have done.”句型1. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. A. breaking B. having brokenC. to have broken D. break2. Is Bob still performing? Im afraid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have leftB. to leaveC. to have been leftD. to be left3. AIDS is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been知识链接 句型“It is + said/believed/supposed/known/etc.+ that-clause” 可以转换为 “S + is said/believe/supposed/known + to do/to have done”。当不定式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或之后发生，不定式用一般式，当不定式表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生，不定式用完成式。2. “情感类使动词”的-ing和-ed形式作形容词的区别1. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures. A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest2. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader _ must not be left. A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied3. Did you enjoy yourself at the party . Yes. Ive never been to _ one before. A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting知识链接情感类使动词的现在分词形式用来说明事物或人的特征或性质，常修饰说明表示物的名词。过去分词形式用来指人的感觉或所处的状态，常修饰表示人或人的表情的名词。6.非谓语动词时态、语态和逻辑主语的选择1. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day. A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water2. _ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen3. _around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show知识链接1.非谓语动词一般式：表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或将来发生。非谓语动词完成式：说明该动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。2.分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语应该和句子的主语是一致的，即逻辑主语是该分词短语动作的执行者，用现在分词，若是承受者，用过去分词。解题方法总结 解答考查非谓语动词的题目时，一定要保持头脑冷静。要遵循以下解题思路： 解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)； 找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)； 搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式； 将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺、或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。非谓语动词解题四部曲一、分析句子结构 (简单句，并列句，复合句）1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been told3. _to the left , youll find the post office .4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office .5. _to the left , and youll find the post office .A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned二、分析逻辑主语确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语（逻辑主语没有主动和被动之分）。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。1. _no buses , we have to walk home .2. _Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home .3.The meeting put off, we have to wait for more days.A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being三、分析语态 分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1. _from space , the earth looks blue . 2._from space , we can see the earth is blue .A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See3. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .4. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed四、分析时态 在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。1. The building _now will be a restauran