如何选择定语从句的引导词非常有用.docVIP

如何选择定语从句的引导词?*限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于ofwhich；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。*非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。一、定语从句的引导词有关系代词who， whom，whose，which，that， as；关系副词when， where，why。定语从句中引导词的选用主要看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分或者是定语从句中缺什么成分。 1定语从句中缺主语，修饰人时用who that，修饰物时用which that引导。如： Is this the factory which that makes TV sets？ The man who that visited our school is from Australia 2从句中缺宾语，修饰人时用 who whom that或省略引导词；修饰物时用which that或省略引导词。如： Gone are the days which that we spent together in the village He is the man who whom that I think to be worthy of our praise 3从句中缺时间状语，用when或介词which引导。如： The day finally came when on which I was given a job Well put off the outing until next week，when we wont be so busy 4从句中缺地点状语，用where或介词which引导。如： Please put the letter on the desk where on which he can easily find it 5从句中缺原因状语或先行词是 reason时，引导词用why for which that。如： This is the reason why for which that he didnt come to the meeting 6从句中缺定语，人和物都用 whose引导。如： A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black 7当先行词是way时，其定语从句的引导词用in which that。如： The way in which that he looks at problems is wrong 二、引导词as可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。 1在固定词组the sameas，suchas中，as引导限制性定语从句。如： He is not such a fool as he looks Ive bought the same dress as she is wearing 2当先行词是整个主句时，可用 as which引导非限制性定语从句。引导词as和which的区别在于： as引导的非限制性定语从句可放于主句前、主句中、主句后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般放于主句后或句中。 as常与从句中的know，see， hear，expect等动词连用，也常用于as often happens，as is often the case（常有的事）等句子中；而which一般不用于以上情况。 as有“正如”的含义，which没有此含义。如： As is well known，Shanghai is a big city Some of the roads were flooded， which made our journey more difficult 三、关系代词who，whom，whose， which和as能引导非限制性定语从句，而that不能；非限制性定语从句中即使缺宾语，引导词也不能省略；关系副词when，where能引导非限制性定语从句，而why不能。如： Abraham Lincoln，who led the United States through the Civil War years，was shot on April 14，1865 四、先行词是物时，其引导词可用 which也可用that，通常情况下二者可互换，但在有些情况下不能。 1用which不用that引导定语从句的三种情况：非限制性定语从句用which，不用that引导。如： Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world 先行词为that时，为了避免重 复，定语从句用which不用that引导。如： That which you borrowed from me wasnt a real diamond necklace 介词后用which不用that引导。如： The method with which you solved the problem is very good 2用that不用which的七种情况：先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，用 that不用which引导。如： This is the best place that I have ever visited The second question that is asked is why we dont fall off the earth 先行词为little，much，all，none，few，（the）one， something，everything，nothing，anything等不定代词时，用that引导。如： There is nothing in the world that can frighten him 先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时，用 that引导。如： He told us about the people and the cities that he had visited 先行词前有any，all，no，few，every，some，little， much，（the）very，（the）only，（the）last等词修饰时，用 that引导。如： This is the very coat that I need Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn？ 先行词为which时，为了避免重复，用that引导。如： Which is the book that you bought yesterday？ 先行词在从句中作表语时，常用that引导。如： Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be in the 1930s 当主句是There be句型时，用that引导。 There are two tickets for the film that are for you two 五、在“one of复数名词定语从句”结构中，从句的谓语动词应与复数名词保持一致；当one前有the only修饰时，从句的谓语动词应与the only one保持一致。如： He was one of the students who were late for class He was the only one of the students who was late for class 六、引导词前有介词或短语介词时，修饰人只能用 whom，修饰物只能用which引导。如： My glasses，without which I was like a blind man， fell to the ground and broke The man，by whom the wolf was shot，is called Jackson 1. who（主格）先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语。Whom（宾语）先行词指人，定语从句中作宾语。例句：Is he the man who wants to see you？ He is the man （whom）I saw in the reading room yesterday。（whom作宾语时可省略）2. whose 先行词指人或指物，且只作定语，若指物，可与of which互换。例句：That is a book whose cover（of which the cover）is red。3. which 先行词指物，在从句中可作主语，宾语。例句：The bag which is on the desk is mine.4. that 几乎是万能胶能代替上述3个引导词，可做主语，宾语。在此不再举例.that的特殊用法：A There be句型中用that不用whichB 在不定代词（something，anything，all，few，any等）后用that，不用which（something后也可用which）C 先行词有all，every，some，any，only，few或序数词，形容词最高级修饰时，只用thatD 先行词既指人又指物时，用thatE 先行词被the only，the very，the last修饰时，用thatF 避免关联词重复，用thatG 用作关系副词，修饰表示时间的名词（day ，time ，moment）that可替代when5.when，where，why的先行词是指时间地点和理由的名词，先行词在从句中做状语.能与 介词+ which互换.人物主宾Who能代能代能代Whom能代能代Which能代能代能代Whose能代能代54. The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (2006天津卷)A. whatB. thatC. howD. as55. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. (2006江苏卷)A. whoB. thatC. asD. which56. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. (2006北京卷)A. who;不填B.不填; whoC. who; whoD.不填;不填57. Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. (2006福建卷)A. whoseB. whichC. of whichD. what58. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _ we gave some bells and glasses. (2006湖南卷)A. to whichB. to whomC. with whomD. with which59. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school, most _were from Germany. (2006辽宁卷)A. study; of whomB. study; of themC. studying; of themD. studying; of whom60. Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2006山东卷)A. whereB. thatC. whenD. which61. She was educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. (2006陕西卷)A. after whichB. from whichC. from thatD. after that62. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. (2006浙江卷)A. of thatB. of whichC. thatD. which63. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _ she had come. (2006重庆卷)A. of whichB. by whichC. in whichD. from which64. You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, _ is always busy at the weekend. (2006上海卷)A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which65. Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on. (2006江西卷)A. whyB. whereC. howD. /66. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. (2007安徽卷)A. none of themB. both of themC. none of whomD. neither of whom67. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of _ are healthy. (2007北京卷)A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whom68. The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago. (2007福建卷)A. whenB. whichC. thatD. where69. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. (2007湖南卷)A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that70. He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. (2007江苏卷)A. after whichB. after thatC. in whichD. in that71. After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she had to decide what to do. (2007江西卷)A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where72. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. (2007全国I)A. thenB. thereC. whileD. where73. Where did you get to know her?It was on the farm _ we worked. (2007山东卷)A. thatB. thereC. whichD. where74. The book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great charges. (2007山东卷)A. whenB. during whichC. since thenD. since when75. Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (2007陕西卷)A. whichB. asC. whyD. where76. It is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007四川卷)A. they bothB. which bothC. both of themD. both of which77. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. (2007天津卷)A. whenB. whoseC. whichD. where78. Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. (2007浙江卷)A. thatB. whichC. whoD. where79. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. (2007重庆卷)A. with whichB. to whichC. of whichD. for which【答案与详解】153（略）54. D。as在此引导非限制性定语从句，又如：They often drink tea with the meal, as we do in China.他们吃饭时也饮茶，像我们在中国那样。55. D。which在此引导非限制性定语从句。注意不能选B，因为that不用于引导非限制性定语从句;也不能选A，因为who只用于人;也不能选C，因为as引导非限制性定语从句时，它若用作从句的主语，则其谓语动词通常只能是连系动词。56. C。两空均填who，引导定语从句。由于两个who在定语从句都是用作主语，所以不能省略。57. A。whose引导定语从句，且在定语从句中用作定语，修饰roof，又如：A mental patient is one whose mind is diseased.精神病人是脑子有病的人。The girl whose work got the prize is the youngest in her class.作品获奖的女孩是她班上年纪最小的。58. B。to which在此引导非限制性定语从句，其中的to与句中的动词give搭配。59. D。第一空填现在分词，表示情况在进行;第二空填of whom，是与most一起构成most of whom，用以引导定语从句，又如：I have a number of American relatives, most of whom live in Texas.我有一些美国亲戚，他们大都住在得克萨斯。60. A。where引导定语从句，修饰名词a point，相当于in which。注意，在point后接where引导的定语从句，是近年来一个值得注意的考点。又如：Theres one point where Id like your advice.有一点我想征求你的意见。We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们到了必须改一改的地步。61. A。after which在此引导非限制性定语从句，相当于and after that。又如：This I did at nine oclock, after which I sat reading the paper.九点时我做这件事，之后我就坐在那里看报。62. B。the first of which相当于and the first of the three books，即指这三本书中的第一本。又如：I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom ever university students.我碰到那些摘水果的人，其中有好几个是大学生。63. D。from which she had come为修饰the direction的定语从句。其中的介词from与其后的动词come构成搭配：This is the book from which I got the story.这就是那本书，从中我读到这个故事。64. D。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the shopping centre。65. D。we must insist on为定语从句，修饰名词one point。引导定语从句的关系代词为that，因在从句中用作宾语，被省略了。66. D。由于前面提到的是两个人，故后面只能用表两者的both或neither，据此可排除A和C。由于空格前用的是逗号，且没有连词，故只不能选B，而要选D，因为neither of whom为非限制性定语从句，用以修饰two people。67. D。由于先行词为so many people，故关系代词只能用whom，而不能用其他三个。68. D。where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词the village。注意，题中的定语从句与先行词之间被has developed a lot所分开。6