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清华大学英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站:/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果4B Unit1 A new student一、 单词及词组1. a student(学生)2. a teacher(教师)3. a doctor(医生)4. a nurse(护士)5. a boy(男孩)6. a girl(女孩) 7. a man(男人) 8. a woman(女人)9. new(新的) 10. our(我们的)11. school(学生) 12. welcome(欢迎)13. tree(树)14. climb(攀登)15. again(再;又)16. sir(先生)17. right(正确的)18. come down(下来)19. excuse me(对不起,打扰一下)二、缩写词1. whos = who is2. youre = you are3. hes = he is4. shes = she is5. Im = I am6. dont = do not三、句型1. Whos that boy/?(那个男孩/是谁?)Hes/Shes . (他/她是。)Hes/Shes a(他/她是一位)2. Are you a student/?(你是一位学生/吗?) Yes, I am.(是,我是的。) No, Im not. Im a(不,我不是的。我是一位)3. Welcome to our school.(欢迎到我们学校来。) Thank you.(谢谢。)Unit2 At a party一、 单词及词组1. grandfather(祖父;外祖父)2. grandmother(祖母;外祖母)3. father(父亲)4. mother(母亲)5. brother(兄;弟)6. sister(姐;妹)7. hair(头发)8. a head(头)9. a nose(鼻子)10. a mouth(嘴;口) 11. an eye(眼睛)12. an ear(耳朵)13. white(白色的)14. a friend(朋友)15. a skirt(短裙)16. a party(宴会)17. with(有)18. which(哪一个)19. big(大的)20. small(小的)21. long(长的)22. short(短的)23. we(我们)24. hurry(赶快)25. wrong(错误的)26. be late for(迟到)二、缩写词1. were = we are 2. isnt = is not 3. its = it is 4. lets = let us 5. wheres = where is三、句型1. Whos the man/ with ?(那个(身体部位)的(男人/)是谁?)Hes/Shes /my(他/她是/我的)2. Is that man/ your father/? (那个男人/是你爸爸/吗?)Which one?(哪一个?)The one in the (那个穿着的。Yes, he/she is.(是,他/她是的。)/No, he/she isnt.(不,他/她不是的。)Unit3 Whats your job?一、单词及词组1. a policeman (policemen)(警察)2. a policewoman (policewomen)(女警察)3. a waiter (waiters)(男服务员)4. a waitress (waitresses)(女服务员)5. a driver (drivers)(司机)6. a worker (workers)(工人)7. a cook (cooks)(厨师)8. a farmer (farmers)(农民)9. job(职业)10. name(名字)11. their(他(她/它)们的)12. today(今天)13. old(老的)14. about(大约)15. want(想要)16. cold(冷的)17. how old(几岁)18. how many(多少)19. look at(看)二、缩写词1. arent = are not 2. whats = what is 3. theyre = they are三、句型1. Whats your job?(你的职业是什么?) Im a(我是一位)Whats his job?(他的职业是什么?) Hes a(他是一位)Whats her job?(她的职业是什么?) Shes a(她是一位)2. What are their jobs?(他/她们的职业是什么?) Theyre(他/她们是)3. Are they?(他/她们是吗?) Yes, they are.(是,他/她们是的。)No, they arent. Theyre(不,他/她们不是的。他/她们是)4. How old are you?(你几岁了?) Im(我)How old is he?(他几岁了?) Hes(他)How old is she?(她几岁了?) Shes(她)5. Whats your/his/her name?(你/他/她叫什么名字?)Im/Hes/Shes .(我/他/她是。)Unit4 Buying fruit一、单词及词组1. an apple (apples)(苹果)2. an orange (oranges)(桔子)3. a banana (bananas)(香蕉)4. a peach (peaches)(桃子)5. a grape (grapes)(葡萄)6. a pineapple (pineapples)(菠萝)7. a watermelon (watermelons)(西瓜)8. a pear (pears)(梨子)9. buy(买)10. some(一些)11. fruit(水果)12. kilo(公斤)13. or(或者)14. yuan(元)15.great(好二、缩写词 Id = I would三、句型1. What are these?(这些是什么?) Theyre(它们是)What are those?(那些是什么?) Theyre(它们是)2. Id like some, please.(我想要一些)How many kilos?(多少公斤?)kilo(s), please.(请来公斤。) Here are you.(给你。)4B Unit6 Lets go by taxi一、单词及词组1. a station(车站)2. a supermarket(超级市场)3. a library(图书馆)4. a theatre(剧场)5. a hospital(医院)6. an airport(机场)7. by train(乘火车)8. by plane(乘飞机)9. by minibus(乘中客车)10. on foot(步行)11. by taxi(乘公共汽车)12. how(怎么)13. there(在那里)14. for(往;向)15. free(空闲的)16. park(公园)17. play(玩;参加)18. football(足球)19. ball(球)20. Good idea.(好主意。)二、句型1. Lets go to the(让我们一起去)Good.(好的。)/Great.(太棒了。)How do we go there?(我们怎么去那里啊?)Shall we go to (the) (地点)by (交通工具)?OK/All right.(好的)2. Is this (交通工具)for (地点)?(这辆是去的吗?)Yes, it is.(是,它是的。)/No, it isnt.(不,它不是的。)Unit7 At a snack bar一、单词及词组1. a pie (pies)(馅饼)2. a hamburger (hamburgers)(汉堡包)3. a sweet (sweets)(糖果)4. a biscuit (biscuits)(饼干)5. noodles(面条)6. a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力)7. a cup of tea(一杯茶)8. a cup of coffee(一杯咖啡)9. a glass of juice(一杯果汁)10. a carton of milk(一盒牛奶)11. a snack bar(快餐部)12. a basketball(篮球)13. move(移动) 14. dear(亲爱的)15. then(那么)16. an ice-cream(冰淇淋)17. a cake(蛋糕)18. water(水)19. hungry(饿的)19. thirsty(渴的)20. how much(多少(钱)21. see the doctor(看医生)22. What would you like?(你要什么?)23. How about you?(你怎么样?)24. Something to drink?(要喝些什么吗?)25. Anything else?(还要别的东西吗?)二、句型1. What would you like?(你要什么?)Id like /A/Some, please.(我想要 /请来一个/一些)2. How much is it?(它多少钱?)Itsyuan. /yuan, please.(它)元。)How much are they?它们多少钱? Theyreyuan. /yuan, please.(它们)元。)Unit8 Open Day一、单词及词组1. a chair(椅子)2. a blackboard(黑板)3. a picture(图画)4. a computer(计算机)5. a bookcase(书橱)6. a music room(音乐室)7. an office(办公室)8. a playground(操场)9. our(我们的)10. classroom(教室)11. open day(接待日)12. bright(明亮的) 13. TV(电视)14. sometimes(有时)15. watch(观看)16. piano(钢琴)17. near(靠近)18. window(窗户)19. songbook(歌本)20. lots of = a lot of(许多的)21. T-shirt(T恤衫)22. smart(好看的)23. map(地图)24. them(他/她/它们)25. China(中国)26. box(盒子)27. table(桌子)28. read(读)28. Ive got = I have got(我有)二、缩写词 theres = there is三、句型Whats on/in/near the?(上面/里面/旁边有什么?)Theres a on/in/near the (有一个在上面/里面/旁边。)There are some on/in/near the (有一些在上面/里面/旁边。)Unit9 Breakfast一、单词及词组1. a knife(刀)2. a fork(叉)3. a plate(盘子)4. a bowl(碗)5. a cup(杯子)6. a bottle(狭颈小口瓶)7. a spoon(匙)8. a glass(玻璃杯)9. a cupboard(碗橱)10. chopsticks(筷子)11. rice(米)12. bread(面包)13. an egg(蛋)14. a fridge(冰箱)15. breakfast(早饭)16. no(没有的)17. a carton of(一(纸)盒)18. use(使用)19. try(尝试)20. come(来)21. dinner(正餐)22. Whats for breakfast?(早饭吃什么?)二、句型1. Wheres the?(在哪里?)Its on/in/near the(它在上面/里面/旁边。)2. Where are my?(我的在哪里?)Theyre on/in/near the(它们在上面/里面/旁边。)3. Theres no on/in/near the(上面/里面/旁边没有。)清华大学英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站:/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供小学英语四年级教学工作总结 海棠湾中心学校 梅秀娥 光阴似箭,一转眼一个学期已经过去,回顾教学工作.有令人欣慰的收获,又有困饶自己教学的不足.本学期我担任四年级的英语教学工作,我始终坚持课前认真备课,做到既备教材,又备学生,因材施教,努力实施课堂改革,积极探索小学英语快乐课堂,小学阶段英语教学的目的是:激发学生学习英语的兴趣,培养学生学习英语的积极性,使他们树立学习英语的自信心,同时培养学生一定的语感和良好的语音、语调基础,为进一步学习打下基础。在英语课堂教学中,怎样创设良好的学习氛围、激发学生的学习兴趣是小学英语教学工作的重要一环。下面结合教学实践,我把本学期的教学工作总结如下: 一、认真备课、面向全体授课在教学中,认真备课,认真阅读各种教科参考书,结合自己的教学经验与学生的学习情况,认真编写好教案制定好教学计划,并不断地加以改善修改,在传授学生知识的同时,关心爱护学生,特别是差生,课堂密切注意他们,教育他们求学勿半途而废,在思想教育的同时,还耐心地辅导学生复习遗漏知识。使他们的学习成绩跟上班里的其他同学。帮助他们树立学好各门知识的信心。 二、在课堂教学中 第一、 在课堂上,认真授课,采用多媒体教学及运用实物教具、简笔画,情景教学、手势语言等方法来启发、教育学生。教学生做游戏、唱英语歌等来激发学生的学习兴趣。鼓励学生大胆质疑,注重以学生为主体、教师为导的教学方法,充分调动学生的学习积极性。学生有疑难和不懂读的地方,我总是不厌其烦地讲解、分析、带读,力争让他们学了就懂,懂了会用。 第二、 在批改作业方面。学生的作业总是及时地批改,并详细地做好批注,对普遍性错误,在全班重复讲解、分析。针对个别学生的作业还采取面批方法,一一地分析讲解、帮助学生解决疑难习题,大大提高了教学质量。 第三、 在听力方面。为提高学生的听力水平,常让学生听英语歌曲及课文对话的录音磁带,还让学生表演对话,背书。三、不足之处由于时间和精力有限,在课堂上,对于每个学生的的关注可能还不够,对于小学的心理掌握也不太有经验,在经后的工作中,我将加强对于每个同学的监督,保证每个同学都跟上进度,不落下任何一个有进取心的学生。 总之、一学期以来,本人勤勤垦垦地做好各项教学工作,孜孜不倦地传授给学生各种英语知识,努力开发快乐课堂,取得了一定的成效,学生的成绩也有了很大的提高。二零零九年六月三十日清华大学英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站:/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供2010年小学升初中英语模拟测试题笔试部分一.按要求写出各词的形式:(10)1.miss ( 三单 )_2. shine(现在分词)_3.swim(现在分词) _4.SAT( 全写 )_5.write(现在分词) _ _6. have (过去式)_7.photo( 复数 )_8.come( 现在分词)_9.wear ( 过去式 )_10.day ( 反义词 )_二.词组互译:(10)1有趣的一天 2.sing in the tree3.踢足球 4.have a picnic5.上山 6.look out of the window7.半夜 8.look for9.在图书馆 10.spoil my fun三. 根据句意及首字母提示完成句子:(6)1.Whats the weather like today?Its w_.Lets w_TV at home .2.In this photo the sun is s_.The birds are s_in the trees .3.Look! The ducks are e_ our picnic.Our picnic is wet . But the ducks l_ it .4.Daming often g_to school by bike . But he w_to school on foot yesterday .5.Its going to s_ tomorrow . Well make a snowman .6.We are l_ at some ducks.四.改错:(5)( )1.They are play with dogs ._( )2. Xiaoyong like reading books ._( )3. They drinking water now ._( )4. We are haveing dinner.( )5. Do you have some pictures?_五. 选择(10)( )1.I _ to school by bus this morning .A.walked B.went C.come D.came( )2.Where is the bird ? Its _ the tree.A.inside B.in C.on D.outside( )3.My father is tall , but your father is _ him .A.all B.taller C.taller than D.tall than( )4.Mary _ a Chinese book.A.is B.has C.have D.does( )5.Ben: I want to buy a new football.Mum: _ go to the City Centre .Ben: How _ get there ?A.We, are we going to B.Lets , do we want toC.you , do we want to D.Lets , are we going to( )6. Sams grandma and grandpa are old . Look ! They _ slowly .A.walk B.walked C.walking D.are walking( )7.This is Mr Wangs room . _ room is clean .A.His B.He C.Himself D.Her( )8. Sam and Daming _ a funny day last Saturday .A.have B.has C.had D.were( )9. Here _ the photos .A.is B.are C.have D.has( )10.Look ! The ducks are _.A.swiming B.eattingC.hungrily D.hungry六.阅读理解(9)The sun , the earth , and the moonThe sun is a fixed star . It is very , very hot and it gives out heat and light .Nine planets(行星) move around it . The earth is one of them . As far as we know , the earth is the only planet with life on it . The earth has air and water , and it gets heat and light from the sun .Life needs airs ,water ,heat and light .The earth moves arounds itself , too. It turns from west to east .The earth has a satellite(恒星) , the moon . The moon moves around the earth . There is no air or water on the moon , so there is life there .判断正误,正确写T,错误写F( 5 )( )1.The sun gives out heat and light . The earth gives out heat and light ,too.( )2. The earth and the moon move around the sun .( )3. The earth turns from east to west .( )4. There is air and water on the moon.( )5.The sun sometimes hot and sometimes cold.根据短文内容选择正确答案( 4)( )1.The earth is a _.A: satellite B: a fixed star C:planet( )2._ is the only planet with life on it .A: The moon, B: The earth C: The sun( )3.The earth gets heat and light from _.A. the moon B.the sun C.the other planet( )4.The earth has a satellite .Its _.A.the moon , the sun , B.the sun , C.a fixed star.七.用所给单词的正确形式填空:(5)1.Look, we _(have ) an English class .2.There _( be)a baseball game in our school next Saturday .3.A long time ago ,there _(be)an old man who was very patient .4.Lingling _ (study )English every morning .5.Sam _(not clean )his room.八. 书面表达:给你的朋友写一封信,介绍一下你星期天去公园野餐的情况,不少于50个单词。(5)清华大学英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站:/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供陆渡中心小学2007-2008学年第二学期年级一年级 英语 学科教学计划 任课教师单元教学要求教学重点、难点课时教学进 度Unit11. 能听懂Whats your name?并能用此句型询问对方姓名,语音准确、语调自然。2. 能听懂他人使用句型My name is介绍名字,同时能使用该句型作自我介绍,发音正确。3能根据所听到的名字,正确辨认出本单元中出现的Nancy,David,Su Yang,he Liu Tao四个人物形象。能看图说出这四个人物的名字,发音正确。4能听懂、会说、会读字母Aa,Bb。5会唱歌曲Whats your name?Hello.Whats your name?Hi. My name is字母Aa,Bb6课时第第周至第周Unit21能听懂、会说问候语How are you?及其三种应答语,语音准确、语调自然。2.能听懂、会说fine,well,good,并能用Im对他人的问候作出应答。3. 能听懂、会说、会读字母Cc,Dd。4.会唱歌曲How are you?How are you? 及其三种应答语字母Cc,Dd6课时第第周至第周Unit31. 听懂他人使用This is介绍父母和其他家庭成员,并能用此句型向他人介绍自己的家庭成员,语音语调正确。2. 能听懂、会说日常交际用语Nice to meet you. 发音准确3. 能听懂、会说uncle,aunt,grandpa,grandma这四个单词,发音准确。4. 能听懂、会说、会读字母Ee,Ff。5. 会说歌谣I love you.This is my uncle.Nice to meet you.uncle,aunt,grandpa,grandma单词字母Ee,Ff6课时第第至第周Unit41.能听懂日常用语Thats my new ruler.It;s very nice.2.能运用句型hats my .It;s very 对物品进行简单描述,语音语调正确。2.能听懂、会说a pen, a crayon,a ruler,a rubber,发音准确。3. 能听懂、会说、会读字母Gg,Hh。4.会唱歌曲My nice ruler。Thats my new ruler.It;s very nice.词语a pen, a crayon,a ruler,a rubber字母Gg,Hh6课时 第至第周Unit51. 能听懂Is that a?并能根据实际情况作出回答。2. 能运用Is that a?向他人询问和确认某件物品,语音语调正确。3. 能听懂和会说a bus,a car,a taxi,a bike四个单词,发音准确。4. 能听懂、会说、会读字母Ii,Jj,Kk。5.会说歌谣I like my bike.Is that a taxi?No,it isnt.单词a bus,a car,a taxi,a bike字母Ii,Jj,KkUnit61. 能听懂特殊疑问句Whats that?并能根据使用情况用Its a 回答。2. 能使用特殊疑问句Whats that?向他人询问和确认某件物品,语音语调正确。3. 能听懂、学会a bee,a bird,a kite,a balloon,发音准确。4. 能听懂、会说、会读字母Ll,Mm,Nn。5. 能使用学过的句子开展对话,询问简单的信息。6. 会说歌谣A bee。Whats that?Its a bee.词语a bee,a bird,a kite,a balloon字母Ll,Mm,NnUnit71. 能听懂祈使句Open the door,please.并能用All right.回答。2. 能使用祈使句Open the door,please.请求他人完成特定动作,语音语调准确。3. 能听懂、学会动词短语open the door,close the window,stand up,sit down。4. 能听懂、会说、会读字母Oo,Pp,Qq。5. 会说歌谣Wait in a queue.Open the door,please. All right.动词短语open the door,close the window,stand up,sit down。字母Oo,Pp,QqUnit81. 能听懂一般疑问句Can you ?并能用Yes,I can.作出应答,语音语调正确。2. 能用一般疑问句Can you ?向人询问和确认他人是否会做某事,语音语调正确。3. 能听懂、学会swim,skate,play football和play chess,发音准确。4. 能听懂、会说、会读字母Rr,Ss,Tt。5. 能使用学过的句子开展对话,询问简单的信息。6. 会说歌谣A star。Can you swim?Yes,I can.swim,skate,play football和play chess字母Rr,Ss,TtUnit91. 能听懂句子Happy birthday!并能用Thank you.应答。能听懂特殊疑问句How old are you?并能根据实际情况回答。2. 能使用Happy birthday!向别人表示生日祝福,语音语调正确。3. 能听懂、学会one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,发音准确。4. 能听懂、会说、会读字母Uu,Vv,Ww。5. 能使用学过的句子开展对话,交流简单的信息。6.会唱歌曲Happy birthday!Happy birthday!Thank you.How old are you,Helen?Imone,two,three,four,five,six,seven词语字母Uu,Vv,WwUnit101. 能听懂、会说Lets go to及其应答OK.2. 能熟练运用Lets go to表达自己的意愿。3. 能听懂、学会park,zoo和cinema,发音准确。4. 能听懂、会说、会读字母Xx,Yy,Zz。5. 会唱歌曲A B C Song。Lets go to the park.OK.单词park,zoo和cinema字母Xx,Yy,Zz清华大学英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站:/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供英语参赛教案教学课题:Lesson E Learning English 教学课时:一课时。 教材:新路径英语七册 执教人:Mianyangshi nianjiexiaoxue zhangyingTeaching aims: -How to learn English well? How many tips do you know?-Magic box: learn English, listen to English every day, sing English songs, speak English, chant in English.Teaching difficulties: Ss can read the words correctly.Teaching aids: tape and recorder, pictures and word cards.Teaching methods: TPR, read and listen, speak.Teaching steps:Warm up: 1.Greetings: Sing the song“Greetings”.2.Review:(show some pictures)-Whats her name? - Her name is “Rose”.- What dose “Rose”mean? It means_.(then practise more: Father Christmasetc.)Presentence:(new lesson) 1.Show a picture on the Bb and teach it, then ask:T: What dose“learn English” mean?S1: It means“学英语”.T: Good. What does“learn English well”mean?S2:It means“英语学得好”.T: Wonderful! How to learn English well, do you know? What good“ tips”do you have?Who can tell me?S3: Listen to English, etc.T: Wonderful! Anything else? Now look, here are some“tips” for you, please read after me, then stick the cards on the Bb, say and do,do and say. Listen to English Speak English Sing English song Tips: Write English well every day. Read English every week Chant in English everymonth Act in English every year Play games in English 2.Practise:1).T:Can you chant? Ss: Yes, I can. T:Can you acy? Ss:Yes, we can. T:Ok,lets act out:“a. chant in EnglishLeft and Right. b.Act in English(do and say)eg: swim,fly, dance, jump, run, read, write,sing, eat, drink, look,oketc.2).Say and do the “tips”in class, then do and say in pairs.3).Ask Ss to read tips aloud correctly.4).T: Do you like these tips? Ss:Yes, we do. T:Good. These tips can help us learn English well, so we should work hard more, ok? Ss: Ok.5).Look at the tips cards on the Bb, listen and number,then check them. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.L ets talk.P10.1).T: Look at the picture, how many people can you see?Ss: Four.T: Who are they?Ss:They are Mr Bright, Ting Ting, LeLe and Summer.T:What are they doing? Ss: They are talking.T:Yes,they are talking about“learning English.”Now lets listen to the tape. Listen,point and read after it. Are you clear?Ss:Yes.(listen and read)T:Wonderful! Lets dialogue in class. TSs.2).Practise the talk in four pairs. S1-S2,S3,S4.3).Do workbook:P48, (T/F), then check.Homework:1.Makethe “learning English plan” by yourself. 2.Listen and read.Blackboard design: Lesson E Learning English1. How to learn English well? Can you?2. Some tips.(some cards on Bb)3. Anything else?4. Can you? Do you?5. Wonderful! Tips can help us learn English well.教学反思:这节课体会较深的是孩子们对“Learn English well”的“Tips很感兴趣,课堂上积极表演,回答问题,课堂气氛很浓,孩子们对”Tips”掌握较好。但由于这节课的活动内容比较多,个别孩子显得有点紧张。因此,在以后的教学中,应注意对教学内容要求要少而精,突出重难点,注意劳逸结合,适当拓展Practise.清华大学英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站:/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供英语字母A a 约在3000年前,在腓尼基字母表中字母A读如aleph,写起来形似字母V,中间再加一横,代表牛头或牛角。以后希腊人将它倒过来写。对于古代腓尼基人来说,牛意味着财富,吃,穿,耕作都少不了它。这也许就是A被列为第一个字母的缘故吧。 B b 和A 一样,字母B也可以追溯到古代腓尼基。在腓尼基字母表中B叫beth,代表房屋,在希伯来语中B也叫beth,也含房屋之意。字母B原来形似原始社会的两室房屋,小写字母b是后来从大写字母B衍变出来的。在今约旦河西岸有一犹太教,基督教圣地叫Bethlehem。该词中至今还包含着beth这一成分。B在字母表中之所以排在第二位也许是因为对人类的生存来说住的重要性仅次于衣食 C c 字母C在腓尼基人的文字中叫gimel,代表骆驼。它在字母表中的排列顺序和希腊字母I(gamma)相同,实际上其字形是从后者演变而来的。C在罗马数字中表示100。 D d D在古时是描摹拱门或门的形状而成的象形符号,在古代腓尼基语和希伯来语中叫做daleth,是“门”的意思,相当于希腊字母(delta)。 E e E是英语里用得最多的字母。在腓尼基语和希伯来语中E是代表窗的象形符号,叫做he,相当于希腊字母E(epsilon)。 F f F(英语字母表中的第六个字母)源自腓尼基语的第六个象形字母,该字母形似今日之英语字母Y,代表木栓或木钉(peg),在腓尼基语和希伯来语的名称为waw。中世纪重罪犯(felon)的左颊常被打上F的印记,以示惩戒。 G g 在古代腓尼基语及希伯来语的字母表里,G是描摹骆驼的头和颈之轮廓的象形字母,其名称为gimel。以后希腊人借用了该符号,作(gamma)。其实字母 G与字母C系源于同一腓尼基字母。原拉丁字母表里本无字母G,含g音和含k音的词都以字母C为表示。公元3世纪以后,古罗马人根据C创造了G,自此C表示 k音,G则表示g音。 H h 像其它字母一样,H也可通过拉丁语和希腊语的字母表,一直追溯到腓尼基语字母表。在腓尼基语中和H相应的字母有两条横杠,它代表篱笆或栅栏,字母名称叫heth或cheth。 I i 第九个字母I源自腓尼基语中叫做yod / yodh的象形字母,该字母被认为代表人的手指。最初小写字母I并不带点。I上面的点是11世纪以后抄写员为区分字母I连写(如filii)与字母u才开始加上去的。此外,在19世纪以前i和j的书写或印刷形式是可互换的,词典也不将它们作为两个不
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