大学英语常用翻译方法.doc

翻译中常见的句型1 否定句型1） 部分否定。其否定意义只局限于整体中的一部分。其形式：“概括词all, every等+not+谓语动词”。常用于该句型词：all, both, everybody, everywhere, always, altogether, entirely, wholly等。All is not gold that glitters.I do not wholly agree.2) 完全否定。其形式：no, none 等否定词+肯定式谓语。常用于该句型词：no, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, never, neither, nowhere, nowise, 等。还有一种句型：all等概括词+肯定式谓语+否定意义的词。No words can describe the scene.任何言词均不能描绘那景色。All his plan came to nothing.3)双重否定a. 主语+cannot+ help/refrain/keep + from + v-ingHe could not help showing his pleasure.他不由得喜形于色。b. 主语+cannot+ but/choose but/ help but +doThey can not choose but admit that they are wrong.c. (there be) not +主语+but+谓语 (There is )Nobody but has his faults. 人人都有缺点。2 判断句型1） 强调判断句a. 主语+be+ no/none +other than/but +表语（强调内容）The tall figure that I saw was none other than our commander.b. 主语+be+ nothing+(else)but/ else than/ less than+ 表语Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.天才只不过是劳动加勤奋而已。c. it is/was +强调部分+that/ who +从句It is I who am to blame.2) 正反判断句a. 主语+be +not+表语a, but +表语bWhat I admire in Columbus is not his discovered a world, but his having gone to search for it on the faith of an opinion.b. (it is) not that(who) , butthat (who)Not that we are afraid of them, but that they are afraid of us.3)比较判断句：a. 主语+be less+表语a +than表语b / more+表语b+表语aExperience shows that success is due less to abilities than to zeal.b. 主语+be+表语b+ rather than+表语aHe is an artist rather than a philosopher.c. 主语+be+ not so much +表语a+ as+表语bIt is so much advice as approval that he seeks. 他寻求的与其说是忠告，不如说是忠告。3 倍数表示句型：a. 主语+be+倍数+that of 被比较对象/ as +形容词+as+被比较对象In this workshop the output is four times that of January.b. 主语+increase/rise/attain+(to) 倍数+compared with+被比较对象Now the industry of the country has attained 6 times of last year.c. 主语+increase+(by)百分数+ （compared with）Many counties have increased their farm output by 100 percent in a short time.4. 比较句型1) 等比句型a. 主语+谓语+as+ adj./adv. +as+ as+被比较对象He is as tall as I am.b. 主语+谓语+no more/less+ adj./adv.+ than被比较对象She is no less diligent than her sister.2) 其他比较句型我would (had) rather than/ .rather thanwould sooner thanSooner than do such work, I would starve.我你愿饿死，也不干这工作。5. 程度句型1) a.so that/ suchthatThe difference is such that all will perceive it.d. 主语+谓语+程度状语so/such +adj./adv. +as + to doYour stupidity is cu as to fill me with despair.1) too to It is too good to be true.6. 倒装让步句型a. 表语+as +主语(代词)+联系动词,+主句b. 表语+联系动词+主语(名词) ,+主句c. 副词/动词原形+as +主语,+主句Disabled as is Paul, he is trying his best to serve the people.Try as we might, we could not accomplish it.7. It 作形式主语的常艰句型a. It is+ adj.+ thatIt is possible that the students come this afternoon.b. It 不及物动词+that It turns out that the price begins to go down.c. It be +名词+thatIt was the case that everything was in a mess.d. It be +done + thatIt is said that a foreign teacher will come to our class. New words1、preceding adj. 在前先的, 前面的; 上述的 the preceding night前一晚 in the preceding chapter 在前章2、precede vt. (时间, 位置, 次序)在.之先前, 领先于, 在.之上; 比.重要,在.前加上; 为.加上引言(by, with)The tourists were preceded by their guide. 向导走在游客的前面。He preceded his speech with welcome to the guests. 他在正式讲演前, 先对来宾表示欢迎。3、impromptu adv.,adj. 即席地的, 临时地的, 事先无准备地的 a speech made impromptu即席演说 made an impromptu speech即席演讲 4、humiliation n. 羞辱, 蒙耻humiliate v. 羞辱, 使丢脸, 耻辱 humiliate oneself 丢脸, 出丑The country was humiliated by defeat. 该国因战败而受辱。5、provisional acceptance 临时接受 acceptanc 接受; 验收 答应, 承认; 认可, 肯定receive wide acceptance 得到广泛承认find acceptance with；gain acceptance with；win acceptance with；find acceptance ingain acceptance in ；win acceptance in 获得公认, 得到赞同acceptance of persons 偏爱, 偏袒, 讲情面6、accept Acceptability 合意，适合；可接受性，可承诺性Acceptable 合意的，可接受的，可承诺的，容忍的 Acceptance 接受，接纳；赞同；承认Acceptant a. 接受的，易于接受的； n. 接受者，领受者Acceptation = acceptance 承认；赞同 Accepted a. 公认的，认为恰当的；一般所向,新的 ly, adv. Accepter/ acceptor 领受者，接纳者 区别accept/receive 7、ambitious 志向远大的; 有雄心壮志的; 豪迈的; 有野心的 热望的/矫饰的; 矜矫的/炫耀自负的 ambition n. 野心, 雄心 ambitious for power, social position, etc. 极欲获得权力, 社会地位等be ambitious of success 渴望成功 be ambitious to serve the people 一心想为人民服务8、promotion n. 促进, 发扬, 提升, 提拔, 晋升 Promote vt. promote growth prosperity, understanding 促进增长繁荣, 了解be promoted (to be to the rank of) first mate 被提为大副Several banks promoted the company. 好几家银行创办了这个公司。The boy was promoted to the fourth grade. 这个男孩升到四年级。The company are promoting their new products on television. 这家公司在电视上宣传他们的新产品。9、inevitably adj. 不可避免的; 无法避免的; 必然(发生)的/ 照例必有的; 惯常的the inevitable course of history 历史的必由之路 Death is inevitable. 死是不可避免的。Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat. 玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。10、assume vt. 假定, 设想/担任; 承担; 接受/采取; 采用; 表现为, 呈(形式, 姿态, 位置)/装出, 假装/擅取, 侵占 assume this to be true 假定这是真的assume office 就职 assume the reins of government 执政, 开始掌权assume a leading position 担任领导职务 assume responsibility负责, 承担责任assume a new aspect 呈现新的面貌 assume airs of 摆.架子assume great airs 神气活现, 装作要人的模样, 摆架子The motion of matter always assumes certain forms. 物质的运动总是表现为一定的形式。Hes not such a fool as you assumed him to be. 他并非你所以为的那样愚蠢。11、fascinate vt. 迷住, 使神魂颠倒; 吸引; 使感兴趣蛊惑住The changing vivid colours of the sunset fascinated the eye.日落时变化多端的色彩使人看得入迷。 Writing Write a short essay describing a rite of passage in China. Think about: 1 what is the event, and where does it take place? 2 in what way can it be seen as a rite of passage? 3 who takes part in it? 4 what happens afterwards? 5 has the event changed at all in recent years?HIT consists of 1. School of Astronautics, 2. School of Mechanic and Electrical Engineering, 3. School of Material Science and Engineering, 4. School of Energy Science and Engineering, 5. School of