语法补充--动名词反意疑问句.docVIP

动名词1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语 1）作主语。例如：Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如：admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免complete完成consider认为delay 耽误deny 否认detest 讨厌endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢escape 逃脱fancy 想象finish 完成imagine 想象mind 介意miss 想念postpone推迟practice 训练recall 回忆resent 讨厌resume 继续resist 抵抗risk 冒险suggest 建议face 面对include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解forgive 宽恕keep 继续例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：admit toprefertobe used tolead todevote oneself toobject tostick tono goodno usebe fond oflook forward tobe proud ofbe busycant helpbe tired ofbe capable ofbe afraid ofthink of burst outkeep oninsist oncount onset aboutput offbe good attake upgive upbe successful in3）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如：Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。比较：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如：a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如：boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机2 worth 的用法 worth, worthy, worthwhile都是形容词，意为值得。1. worth： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示 值得 常见的有It s worth while to do./ It s worth（someones）while doing be worth doing sth.某事值得被做The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这问题不值得反复讨论。2. worthy：be worthy of +n.当名词为抽象名词时表示值得 be worthy to be done 某事值得被做The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.3. worthwhile： be worthwhile to do sth 值得做某事It is worthwhile to ask him to join the club.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。典型例题It is not _ to discuss the question again and again.A. worth B. worthyC. worthwhileD. worth while答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worthwhile to do sth.。选C。反意疑问句1）陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 arent I。例如： Im as tall as your sister, arent I? 我跟你姐一样高，对吗？2） 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。例如：I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话，行吗？3）陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。例如：Some plants never blown （开花）, do they ? 有些植物从不开花，对吗？4）含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。例如： He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he? 他应该知道该做什么，对吗？5）陈述部分有have to +v. （had to + v.），疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。例如： We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿，是吗？6）陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。例如： He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he? 他以前常在那儿拍照，是吗？7）陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you? 例如： Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you? 你最好自己去读，好吗？8）陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。例如： He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵，是吗？9）陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。例如： Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you? 你想和我们一块去，对吗？10）陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。例如： He must be a doctor, isnt he? 他肯定是医生，是吗？ You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you? 你一定读过三年英语，对吗？ He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任务的，是吗？11）感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。例如： What colors, arent they? 多漂亮的颜色，是吗？12） 陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师，我也不是，对吗？13）陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。例如： Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切就绪，是吗？14）陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况： a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如：Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he? 史密斯先生曾几次去过北京，按理说他现在应该在中国，是吗？ b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如： He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he? 他说他想去日本看看，他是那样说的吗？ c. 陈述部分主句为第一人称，谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如： I dont think he is bright, is he? 我认为他并不聪明，是吗？ We believe she can do it better, cant she? 我们相信她能做得更好，她能吗？15） 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。例如：Everyone knows the answer, dont they?（does he?） 人人都知道答案，是这样吧？ Nobody knows about it, do they? （does he?） 没人知道这件事，是吧？16）带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need （dare ） +主语。例如： We need not do it again, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍，是吗？ He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说，是吗？ 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。例如： She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家，是吗？17）省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。例如： Dont do that again, will you? 别再这样做，好吗？ Go with me, will you / wont you ? 跟我走吧，好吗？注意：Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you? 例如： Lets go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去听音乐，好吗？ Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你让我们在阅览室等你，好吗？18）陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。例如： There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there? 你的表有问题，对不对？ There will not be any trouble, will there? 不会有麻烦吧，是吗？19）否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如： It is impossible, isnt it? 这不可能，是吗？ He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不会对他同学使坏，是吗？20） must在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。例如： He must be there now, isnt he? 他现在肯定在那儿，是吧？ It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? 明天肯定要下雨，是吗？特殊情况1. Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesnt it? （非谓语动词作主语用it。）2I dont think that she cares, does he? (陈述句是转移否定，反意疑问句的主语和谓语必须和从句一致。)3Open your books, would you/wont you? (陈述句对第二人称的祈使句，简略问句可用will you? Wont you? Would you? Can you? 或cant you?)4Dont forget to write a letter to me, will you?（在否定祈使句中，只用will you?）5Lets go to the station shall we?(Lets 包括听话者，所以用shall we?)6Let us go for a walk, will you?/wont you?(Let us 不包括听话者，而是向听话者提出建议或要求。)7We must study all the subjects well, neednt we?(must在这里不表示“必须”，只表示“有必要“， 所以不重复must, 要用need.)8It must be Xiao Wang, isnt it?(must be在这里表示推测，要用be 的适当形式)9You must have made the mistake, havent you?(当must+不定式的完成式表示对过去事情的推测时，用have。)10. The boys mustnt play with fire, may they?(当must表示“禁止”时，反意问句要用may.)11. He used to get up early, didnt he/ usednt he?（当陈述句含有used to 时，简略问句用did,也可重复used.）12We usually have breakfast at seven, dont we?（当have不作“有”解而用作行为动词时，简略问句用do 适当形式）13., We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we? (陈述部分的谓语包含have to, has to, had to时，疑问部分要用do 的适当形式。)14. Nothing can stop us now, can it?(陈述部分用everything, nothing作主语时，疑问部分主语用it.)15. I am a three-good student, arent I?(陈述部分用I am 时，疑问部分用arent I.)16. There is something wrong with your TV set, isnt there?(陈述部分为there+be结构，疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。)17. I wish to have a word with you, may I?(当陈述句是主语结构I wish, 用以征求对方意见，简略问句用may I.)18. Tom has been reading novels, but he didnt read this afternoon, did he?(陈述句是并列句， 简略问句的主谓语应和后一个分句一致。)19. She dislikes smoking, doesnt she?(如果陈述部分里出现表示否定意义的某些词 如never, hardly, few, little, nothing, nobody 等，简略问句要用肯定式；但是， 如果谓语是通过加前缀构成的否定词 ，简略问句用否定。)20. That China is a great socialist country is well known, isnt it?(不定式短语，动名词短语或主语从句作主语，简略问句的主语用it.)21. This is my pen, isnt it?(陈述部分的主语this ,that,简略问句用it:陈述部分的主语these, those,简略问句的主语用they.)22.None of it is here, is it?（在”none of”结构中，如of 后的名词或代词是单数，后面的主语也为单数，这种情况，主要由于of 后的名词或代词为不可数名词）23. In our class each of the students passed the exam, didnt he/they?(陈述部分如是“each of ”结构作主语，若强调个别，简略问句的主语用单数代词；若强调全体，简