形容词与副词的比较级和最高级第14讲讲义.docVIP

职称英语基础班基础班第17讲课件讲义（环球职业教育在线） 职称英语基础班基础班第17讲讲义 状语从句 状语从句 1 导言 状语从句是将以前学过的主谓宾状句型中的状语扩大成一个完整的句子，并用连词引导。准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。同时要注意主从句时态呼应。 The students study English hard for the test on Sunday in the school . 时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连词有when, while, as, the mbefore, after, till, until, since, as soon as 等。请注意when, while ,as 的区别。 when-1.当.的时候 通常指某一特定的时间,主句与从句的动作同时发生。 When I opened the window, I saw him come up. I saw him come up when I opened the window. while-1.在.期间 往往指一段时间。 While we were in America, we saw him twice. 我们在美国期间，见过他两次。 while-2.表示一种不满情绪 意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。 We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing football. 我们这儿在打扫教室而他们在踢足球。 The soldier faces the powder while the beauty powders the face. 前方吃紧，后方紧吃。（战士面对炸药，美人在往脸上擦粉。） as-1.一边.一边，随着 She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music. As she grew older, she became more beautiful. as-2.当.时 指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。 (不能用when因为两个动作不是同时发生) As I was going out, it began to rain. 我刚要出去，天就下雨了。 not.until-直到.才 He didnt leave the office until he finished the work. 直到他干完工作，才离开办公室。 =He left the office when he finished the work. Before-在.之前 The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs. After-在.之后 The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent. Since-自从. 通常主句用现在完成时 I have never been there again since I graduated from the university. as soon as-一就 Jack went to school as soon as he got well. 杰克病一好就去上学了。 条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的连词有if, unless(=if not), as (so) long as if-如果 If you dont hurry up, you will miss the plane. unless-如果不，除非 =if not He will not join us unless he changes his mind. = He will not join us if he does not change his mind. Dont trouble trouble unless trouble troubles you. as(so) long as-只要 We will succeed as long as we keep on trying. -美国演员 巴里穆尔 .J. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句只有两个连词: where和wherever. where在.的地方 Put the medicine药where you can easily get it. Where there is a flatterer (拍马屁的人)there is also a fool. -Joseph Addison, British writer 哪里有拍马屁的人，那里就有傻瓜。 wherever-无论哪里 He follows her wherever she goes. 原因状语 Because, as, since, now(that), in that 和for, 这5个连词都用于表示原因，但在语气上一个比一个弱。 because-因为，通常从句放在主句之后。 Mr. Smith was very upset because he couldnt find his luggage. as-因为，通常放在句首。 As it is quite windy today, he decides to take the bus in stead of riding a bicycle. since-既然，因语气较弱，常译成既然。 Since everybody has come, we can set off. Since the purser didnt tell us what to do, we can relax. now that-既然 Now that you are here, you can join us. for-因为，for表示的原因是大家都知道的，语气很弱，不用于句首，常译成众所周知。 Dont bother打扰 him with your silly questions any more for you know he is very exhausted. 结果状语 引导结果状语的连词有：so.that, so that, such.that. so.that-太.以至于 so后面应用形容词或副词，有时省略so，只 用that。 Boeing747 is so large that people like to call it jet 喷气机jumbo. 庞然大物 such.that-太.以至于 用法与so.that相同，但such后面应用名词。 The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him. so that-因而，以便，为了 有时so可以省去。 Can you move your luggage a little bit away so that I can put mine in the overhead bin too? 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词有: so that，in order that，in case，lest 和for fear that. in order that-为了。 The Captain briefed his crew in order that everyone knew what to do during the long flight. The Airline planned to offer discount fares in order that they would have some business in the low season. 让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有：although，as，even if，though，even though，however，no matter，whatever，while和whether. although, though虽然 ， although和though可以互换, 但although常放在句首。though可以用于倒装。 Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off. Although it was not his fault, he took all the blame. Though he did his best, he didnt succeed. even if即使。 Even if you dont like your boss, you should do your work. even though即使 Even though I might be wrong, I will go my way. However不论。 however引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。 He couldnt get there on time however fast he drove. The father couldnt make his daughter smile however hard he tried. no matter(what, when, where, how)无论(什么，何时，何地，怎样)。 The old man wouldnt believe anything no matter what you said. Please tell me the result no matter when you get it. He wouldnt forgive me no ma