高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义9.doc

公共英语3级精讲班第9讲讲义MonologueMonologue 1：Language points:1. 2004 TUC launched “Work Your Proper Hours Day” where workers were encouraged to take the lunch breaks they usually work through and leave for home at their contracted time.2004年英国劳工联合会提出“合理工作时间”这一号召。鼓励工人中午休息并且按照合同的要求准时回家。1) TUC: Trades Union Congress 英国劳工联合会2) Work Your Proper Hours Day: 英国劳工联合会提倡的“合理工作时间”3) Contracted time: 合同约定的时间2. Friday February 25 is the day in 2005 when the TUC estimates that people who do unpaid overtime will stop working for free and start to get paid.2005年2月25日是英国劳工联合会估计没有报酬加班的人们应该停止加班并开始得到报酬的日子。unpaid overtime 没有报酬的加班工作3. The TUC is urging people who do unpaid overtime to “work your proper hours” on that day, taking a proper lunch-break , and arriving and leaving wok on time.英国劳工联合会激励没报酬加班的人们在那天“合理工作”，进行合理的午休，按时上下班。Dialogue 1:1. Both Clare and Doris are majoring in sociology. Now they are talking about the investigation that they are doing on “Beyond Nine-to-five”.克莱尔和多维斯专业都是社会学，现在他们正在谈论他们正在做的“早九晚五的工作时间之外” 调查。1）major in 主修科目She majored in maths and physics.2） Beyond Nine-to-five 早九晚五的工作时间以外2. I think it is easy to get the idea from the media that, except in unusual cases, everyone works from nine in the morning to five in the evening, five days a week, in an office or plant of some kind.我认为很容易从媒体得出观点，除了特殊情况下，每个人在办公室或工厂都应该从早上九点工作到晚上五点，一星期工作五天。1）in unusual cases 在特殊情况下case 情况In your case, we are prepared to be lenient. 根据你的情况，我们拟予以从宽处理。I can not make an exception in your case. 我们不能为你破例。2）plant 工厂3. In the stereotyped view of the job, theres a set time to start work, another to stop.根据对工作的传统观点，开始工作有固定的时间，结束工作也有固定的时间。4. Although Nine-to-five is generally thought of as the work day, many jobs are performed when Nine-to-five personnel are off the job.虽然朝九晚五被认为是工作时间，但是很多工作是朝九晚五的工作人员下班以后才做的。be off the job 不上班5. Most jobs, for example, in the entertainment industry are performed in off hours.大部分工作，比如说娱乐业都是在下班的时间进行的。6. And alternating shifts at stores and hospitals, for example, often have personnel working odd days.比如说，商店和医院这种需要的轮班工作都有个人的额外工作。alternating shifts 需要轮班的工作personnel working odd days 个人的临时、额外的工作7. Sunday and holiday work has its good side time-and-a-half or double-time pay rates in some business.周六和周日的工作也有自己的好处 工资是原来的1.5倍或是2倍。Dialogue 2:Background knowledge:State Civil Administration Bureau 国家民政局Merit system 公务员选拔制度Language points：1. The government is by far the biggest enterprise in the country.政府是国家最大的企业。by far 修饰最高级，含义为“- 的多”2. One person out of eight in labor force is said to be employed unit on the state or local level.劳动力的八分之一据说都在国家政府部门或地方政府部门工作。one person out of eight 八分之一的人3. Is that the case?情况是那样吗？the case 实情，情况Is it the case that the companys sales have dropped?If that is the case, you will have to work much harder.4. Each citizen is supposed to have an equal opportunity to compete for state employment.每位公民都有相等的竞争成为政府雇员的机会。have the equal opportunity to do sth 具有-的平等的机会5. By use of the merit system, which includes competitive examinations, appointments can be made on the basis of ability without regard to other considerations.通过竞争性考试的公务员选拔制度，政府可以根据个人能力委任职务，而不需要考虑别的因素（政治、种族、宗教、性别或民族等）。on the basis of 以-为基础6. Women, for example, get equal pay with men for equal work; however, very few women occupy jobs in the higher grades.比如说，女士和男士做同样的工作得到同样的报酬。然而，很少女士有很高职位的工作。get equal pay for equal work 同样工作同样报酬Monologue 2:1. Donald is running his own business. He explains to some of the staff why social life is sometimes very important.当劳正在经营自己的生意，他给他的职员解释为什么社会生活有时非常重要。run ones own business 经营自己的生意2. As an employee progresses in a particular company, it may account for a great deal of the social life for him and, if he is married, his wife.随着一个雇员在某个公司取得进步，这会占用他很大一部分社会生活的时间，如果她结婚了，也会占用他妻子很多的社会生活时间。account for 占3. Conventions provide the opportunity for several days or more of new contacts and discussions, interrupted only by speeches and registration.会议给人们提供了很多天的接触和讨论的机会，只是偶尔被演讲和注册打断。be interrupted by 被-所打断Passage:1. Payments are frequently made in American currency as well.支付也经常使用美国货币。American currency 美国货币currency 通货，货币good/paper currency 金/纸币trading in foreign currencies 以外汇作为支付手段2. Many American banks have set up offices there.许多美国银行已经在这儿建立了办公室。set up 建立3. John majored in accounting and business administration in Harvard.约翰在哈佛大学专业是会计和工商管理。4. After two years in accounting, he was transferred to the loan department.在会计部工作几年后，他被转到贷款部。.be transferred to 将某人/某物由某地转移到某地The head office has been transferred from London to Cardiff.Shes being transferred to our Paris branch.5. Many of the loans which he was asked to consider involved international transactions.他被要求考虑的大部分贷款都与国际交易有关。6. John was selected to set it up and run it for the first few years.约翰被选中成立这个部门，并在前几年经营这个部门。7. The bank provides him with a car and driver as well as the apartment.银行给他提供了汽车、司机和住房。Exercises:Part A1.第一段“while turnover in the retail sector is twice as high as the national average. But firms wishing to buy their employees loyalty would be well advised to offer career opportunities rather than money.”全篇2.第二段第二句“Less predictably, however, respondents but a higher salary second to the chance of career progression in a list of the top five reasons why people change jobs.”。3.第五段第一句“Employees in every store have recently gone through a management program focusing on improving core skills and process development”。全篇4.第五段“ The company has been running a program called Project Future since early 2001 and, according to Cartwright, it is now an ongoing process. Managers attend short core skill workshops in their stores, together with shop floor staff who are earmarked for promotion.5.A 第七段第一句“This training fits in with managers individual career development plans, and the company is also keen to encourage employees to apply for jobs in different functions”。B第八段第一句“Tescos expansion into central Europe had opened up new possibilities for long-term posts abroad.”。C 最后一段“if a mother wants to fit her around her kids or her husbands shift, then we can accommodate that.”。Part B6.第一段第三句“More than half (58%) of employers thought that work-life balance practices improved staff motivation and commitment, and 52% thought that staff turnover and absenteeism were lower as a result.”。7.第二段“had improved as a result of the introduction of family-friendly practice”。8.第三段“with 86%of respondents reporting that flexible working is available to at least some staff in their organization.”。9.第四段“it is sometimes said by employers that their jobs are least able to be done by part-time of flexible workers. ”。10.第五段“The government has been promoting good practice in balancing work and home life to businesses through the DTI work-life balance campaign.”。分词分词 1 分词作定语分词前置We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人分词后置 (i分词词组；ii 个别分词如given, left； iii 修饰不定代词 something等)There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里This is the question given. 这是所给的问题There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西过去分词作定语 与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 典型例题 1) The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the16th century. A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which is written 2）Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。 spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：Whats the language (which is) spoken in German?2 分词作状语As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.- Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。 If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.- Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。典型例题1）_ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被跟随）。本题可改为： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.2）There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。3）_, liquids can be changed into gases.A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。3 连词+分词(短语)有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个，如：While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.waiting 和saw 的主语相同4 分词作补语通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如： I found my car missing.我发现我的车不见了。 Ill have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。5 分词作表语现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行过去分词： 表示被动，已经完成 She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。 He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。6 分词作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generally speaking一般说来talking of (speaking of) 说道 strictly speaking 严格的说judging from 从判断 all things considered 从整体来看taking all things into consideration全面看来Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)7 分词的时态1）与主语动词同时， Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。Arriving there, they found the boy dead.刚一到那