英语学习之主语从句详解.doc

英语语法知识讲解之名词性从句:主语从句主语从句有三类：1由what 等连接代词引导的主语从句由what 引导的主语从句表示“.所.的东西”，在结构上等于一个名词加一个定语从句，what 在主语从句中要充当句子成分。如 What we need is more time.我们所需要的是更多的时间。what 在主语从句中作 need 的宾语，此句可改写成定语从句 :The thing which we need is more time.What is difficult is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.难的是一辈子做好事，不做坏事。（what 在从句中作主语）由 whatever, whoever 引导的主语从句也属于这一类。如 Whatever was said here must be kept secret.这里说的话都必须保密。Whoever fails to see this will make a mistake. 谁看不到这一点就会犯错误。2.由连词that 引导的主语从句在 that 引导的主语从句中，that 不但当句子部分。如 That she will come is certain. 她来是肯定的。That he was chosenmade us very happy.他被选中了使我们都很高兴。在更多情况下，这类主语从句都放在句子的后部，而用 it 作形式主语。如 It is certain that you will be able to make greater progress.你一定能取得更大的进步。Its obvious that he is wrong.很明显，他错了。Its a pity that you missed such a fine talk.这样好的报告你没听到真遗憾。3.由其他连词引起的主语从句这类主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句子的后部，用 it 作形式主语。如:Who saved his life is still unknown.是谁救了他的命尚不得而知。It is hard to say which team will win the match.哪个队将拿下这场比赛还很难说。When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.我们什么时间开运动会还是个问题。It has not been decided where we shall meet next.我们下次在什么地方见面还没有定下来。Whether he will come or not wont make too much difference.他来还是不来没有多大区别。Why he did it wasnt quite clear.他为什么这样干当时还不清楚。主语从句用法详解(例句丰富)一、主语从句的引导词 主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导。1. that引导That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着，真是奇迹。That we shall be late is certain. 我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。That he should have ignored the working class was natural. 他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。That she is still alive is a consolation. 她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。That she became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence. 她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被挑选上，在她村 子里引起很大轰动。2. whether引导Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。3. 连接代词引导Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的。4. 连接副词引导When we arrive doesnt matter. 什么时候到没有关系。How it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。How this happended is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀请多少人还是一个问题。Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。5. 关系代词型what引导What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。Whats done is done. 事已成定局。What he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。What I am telling you is mere impressions. 我和你说的都不过是一些印象而已。What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. 为河水增色的是水里的荷花。What you need is a good-sized canvas bag. 你需要的是一个比较大的帆布袋。What I am afraid of is their taking him to Portugal. 我担心的是他们把他带到葡萄牙去。What struck me was that they have all suffered a lot. 给我很深印象的是他们都受过很多苦。二、主语从句与形式主语it 有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况：(1) 对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语代主语从句：Its a pity that he didnt come. 很遗憾他没来。It is important that he should know about this. 他必须知道此事。Its vital that we be present. 我们出席是至关重要的。It was intended that you be the candidate. 大家的意图是让你当候选人。It is important that this mission not fail. 这项使命不失败至关重要。It is essential that a meeting be convened this week. 本周开一次会非常重要。It is appropriate that this tax be abolished. 废除这个税是恰当的。Its unfair that so many people should lose their jobs. 竟有这么多人失业这是不公平的。Its amazing that she should have said nothing about it. 她竟未谈及此事令人惊讶。Its unthinkable that they should deny my request. 他们竟然拒绝我的请求，这是不可思议的。That they should refuse to sign the petition required great courage. 他们拒绝在请愿书上签字这是需要很大勇气的。(2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句：Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它对我们是利是害，还得看看再说。(3) 对关系代词型what引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句放在句首。如：What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。有时也可将助用形式主语。如：It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。(4) 如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构：Is it true that he is the girls father? 他是那女孩的父亲，是真的吗？How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了？(from )三、连词that的省略问题 引导主语