谈谈高中英语中“非限制性定语”结构.doc

7a5d648b7c1abf3d9910414da49f2b57.pdf谈谈高中英语中“非限制性定语”结构 February 4, 2013 刘长友在高中英语教学实践中，我发现近两年高考题中有很多非限制性定语结构出现，可是没有哪本语法书明确讲到它的用法，因此所有的分析都只表明关系，没说明所做的成分。如：2011年高考试题解析三例：1.（2011福建卷 T23）Tsinghua University, in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意为：建立于1911年的清华大学是成就大量杰出人物的所在地。Tsinghua University(清华大学)和found(建立)之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，选C。2（2011上海卷 T32）The rare fish, _ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意为：被从烹饪锅中救起得稀有鱼已经被放回大海。save与fish之间是动宾关系，由句意可知the rare fish被救起发生在过去，故要用save的过去分词saved表示被动完成的含义，选A。3. （2011全国卷II T15）The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意为：这座岛屿，通过桥连接到了大陆，现在很容易到达。join和逻辑主语the island是动宾关系，故选择使用过去分词joined，答案为C。以上三题例句皆为过去分词短语作非限制性定语。只是非限制性定语这一概念在高中没人提出，所以常见试题分析皆对此语法成分避而不谈。又如：2012年高考试题解析两例：1.(2012湖南卷T23) Time, correctly, is money in the bank.A. to useB. used C. usingD. use【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意:时间如果用得正确的话,就是存在银行里的钱。time与use构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式表被动。B项为过去分词形式,符合题意;A项为动词不定式; C项为现在分词形式;D项为动词原形。2.(2012湖南卷T31)The lecture, at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. startingB. being started C. to startD. to be started【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意为:于昨晚七点开始的讲座之后是通过望远镜观察月亮。本题考查非谓语动词作定语,lecture与start构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式作定语。A项为现在分词形式,表主动,符合题意。B项为现在分词的被动式,表被动进行;C项为动词不定式,表将来未发生的动作;D项为不定式的被动式,表将来被动。以上两题中，第一题为过去分词短语作非限制性定语，第二题为现在分词短语作非限制性定语。再如：（改编）The Diaoyu islands, _ to China since ancient times， lies in the East China Sea between China and Japan.（原题来自2013河北邯郸一中高三期中检测）A. is belonging B. belongs C. belonging D. belonged【解析】选C。本题考查非谓语动词作定语用法。句意为：钓鱼岛，自古以来就属于中国，位于中日之间的东海。此题看你对现在分词作定语的判断，这里的belong是一个非常重要的词，它没有被动语态，不及物动词，不作谓语（后面有谓语lies），只能作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。所以belonging to China since ancient times = which belongs to China since ancient times。 故选C。此题又是一例现在分词短语作非限制性定语用法。那么，到底哪些常见形式可以用作非限制性定语呢？本人现就高中出现的非限制定语结构总结如下，以期引起同行们的关注。可以用作非限制性定语的结构有哪些？现分述之。通常，用作非限制性定语的结构有四种：形容词短语；介词短语；现在分词短语；过去分词短语。例如：The story, written by a young girl, became popular with the young. (= The story, which was written by a young girl, became popular with the young.) 这个故事在年轻人中间很流行，这是位小姑娘写的。The parents, looking greatly worried, walked up and down the streets.(= The parents, who looked greatly worried, walked up and down the streets.) 这些父母看上去很着急，在街道上来回走着。Tom, ashamed of his bad temper, became kind now. (= Tom, who was ashamed of his bad temper, became kind now.) 汤姆为自己的坏脾气感到惭愧，现在变得和蔼了。Our earth, in traveling around the sun, may meet many of unidentified objects.(=The earth, which is in traveling around the sun, may meet many of unidentified objects in spac